• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal and subjective comfort of various pesticide-proof clothes made from different material. Seven male adults took part in the study, conducted in a climate-chamber controlled with an ambient temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 60%RH. The thermal and subjective responses of subjects wearing pesticide-proof clothing made of Goretex(coating treatment), polyester (water-repellent treatment), non-woven(coating) and nylon(coating) were measured. The main results were summarized as follows: (1) Change of rectal temperature and clothing microclimate were inhibited more effectively in pesticide-proof clothing made of Goretex, polyester and non-woven than nylon materials. (2) Mean skin temperature at the end of the experiment was significantly higher in subjects who wore nylon than non-woven and Goretex, and was lowest in those with pesticide-proof clothing made of polyester. (3) Change of heart rate was significantly lower in subjects with Goretex and polyester clothiing than those with non-woven, and in those with nylon, it was highest. (4) Subjective comfort was greater in subjects with Goretex, polyester and nonwoven clothing than nylon, except for thermal sensation. Thermal sensation was greater in order of polyester, Goretex, non-woven and nylon. Thus, it was concluded that pesticide-proof clothing made of Goretex, polyester and non-woven material could reduce thermal stress during the spraying of pesticides in summer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the thermal comfort characteristics of the garments for school, textile and bank worker's uniform. The garments selected for this study were frequently used in Taegu area in terms of design and material used for making garments by the survey for the study The human subject tests were performed to determine the thermal comfort characteristics of garments including thermal, humidity, and wearing sensation and the data were analysed statistically. The results of the study were as follows: 1. According to the result of the survey jacket was mostly used as a school uniform for both male and female high school students. The survey showed that 93% of male students wore 'neck T-shirts' and dimensional fitness for the school uniform got suitable at 2~3 grade high school students. In terms of human subject tests, most students rated 'uncomfortable' in wearing sensation of their school uniform. One of this reason was due to the humidity sensation and air velocity sensation. Level of significance of the thermal sensation for gender difference was higher in hands and feet of the subjects than in chest and thigh of them. 2. According to the result of the survey jacket with zipper was mostly used as a textile worker's uniform. The result of the survey indicated that some textile workers are wearing their inner wear (38.7% for upper and 46.6% for lower). In the human subject tests, about 50% of subjects rated 'comfortable to slightly comfortable' for wearing sensation of the textile worker's uniform. It showed that the female subjects of the humidity sensation was rated higher than the male subjects of the humidity sensation, while the male subjects of the thermal sensation was rated higher than the female subjects of the thermal sensation. There was a closer correlation with the subjective thermal sensation for textile worker's uniform in center parts of the subjects such as back and waist than exposed parts. 3. The result of the survey showed that 70% and 23% of the female banker uniform were blouse and jacket, respectively and 75% and 25% of the male banker uniform were jacket and T-shirt, respectively. All interviewee rated trousers and skirts that were used for their lower. 4. The result indicated that 50% male and 67.7% female subjects for the banker uniform rated 'slightly comfortable for the comfort' sensation. 50% male subjects rated 'neutral' and about 50% female subjects rated 'slightly warm to neutral' for the thermal sensation. In addition, The result showed that 75% male subjects for both upper and lower rated 'neutral' for the humidity sensation and also 75% female subjects rated 'neutral to slightly dry'. Thus, there was no significant different between gender. 5. In the thermal sensation of the subjects for the banker's uniform by parts, 50% subjects rated 'neutral' for their body parts, including head, neck, back, waist, hip, lower arm, and thigh. The extremely cold parts were hands and feet for both male and female subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1037-1052
• /
• 2020

This study evaluates the comfort and suitability of safety clothing. We made three safety clothes 'y', 'lg', 'lgH'. Only 'y' made with fluorescence fabric has passed International Standards (ISO 20471). A wearing test investigated the physiological response and subjective sensations at 30℃ and 50% RH, six men participated. Mean skin temperature and tympanic temperature showed significant difference with experimental course (p<.05). The micro-temperature (Tm) showed significant differences between three garments on the thigh (p<.01). When wearing 'lg', Tm was the highest. Micro-humidity indicated the interaction between clothing and the experimental course on the chest with no significant difference; however, there was a low tendency when wearing 'lgH' after the second half of exercise. The sweat rate indicated a significant difference between 'lg' and 'lgH' at 20 minutes of exercise (p<.05). Three sensations showed significant differences with the time (p<.01), there was also a tendency to feel hotter and more humid when wearing 'lg'. Skin sensation showed significant differences between pre-experiment and post-experiment (p<.05), 'y' was the most preferred. The 'lg' with long-sleeved currently worn in Korea tended to feel hotter, more humid and more uncomfortable than 'y'. It indicates that there is room for improvement in Korean safety clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 1998

Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 22, No. 1 (1998) p. 72∼79 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of geometrical structure and fiber type on the water vapor transport properties of nonwoven batting materials. Two types of fiber were used such as polyester and wool. Correlation between physical properties of nonwovens and water vapor transport rate was analyzed by Pearson Correlation. Steady and dynamic state water vapor transport properties were measured by absorption, evaporation and cobaltots chloride method respectively. The results were as follows: 1) In geometrical structure, thickness of nonwovens was effected on absorption and evaporation rate and air permeability was more influencing factor on water vapor transport rate than porosity. There were no decreasing of water vapor transport rate in hydrophilic fiber at high relative humudity. 2) The hydrophilicity of fiber affected steady and dynamic state water vapor permeabilities and wool nonwoven showed higher water vapor transport rate than polyester at high relative humidity. 3) Thickness showed higher correlation coefficient with water vapor transport rate than other physical properties of nonwovens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.31
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 1989

This study is to measure the thermal resistance of 7 types of Parka of different materials with thermal manikin and to compare their effects on physiological responses & subjective wear sensations. Following are the results obtained from the experiments 1) From the thermal manikin experiment, i) As an outer layer, although not significant, water proof fabric was warmer than water proof-vapor permeable fabric. ii) In case of insulating material, down was better for thermal resistance than polyester wadding of the same thickness. Moreover, as the down was thicker, it had more efficiency in thermal resistance. However, the marginal efficiency of thickness was found to be decreasing. 2) From the male-subject experiments, i) Chest temperature, mean skin temperature & microclimate temperature showed the same results on thermal resistance as those of the thermal manikin experiment. ii) Only during rest periods, there was a significant difference among 5 insulating materials in the sense of microclimate humidity. The almost same conclusion was obtained from the above experiments. Even the outer layer did not significantly affect thermal resistance & subjective wear sensation, insulating materials had a significant influence upon them. But in case of 3.5 cm down, it gave less comfortable than that of the thinner. Therefore the optional one for the best comfort & thermal resistance among 7 combinatins is the outer layer of water proff-vapor permeable & insulating material of 2.1 cm down.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.388-399
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of garment design, fabric type and the presence of lining on the thermal insulation value $(I_{cle}\;and\;I{cl})$ and clothing area factor $(f_{cl})$ of skirts. A standing, electrically heated thermal maninkin was used to measure the insultation value of eighty skirts-five skirt styles with eight different fabrics, with and without lining. The air temperature of the chamber was set at $22.2^{\circ}C{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ , air velocity was limited to less than 0.1 m/s, and relative humidity was approximately $50\%$. The results are as follows: 1) The Ic, values of gathered skirt and flared skirt, which had high $f_{cl}$ values, were significantly higher than those of other skirts, though the highest $I_{cle}$ value among five styles wer pegged skirt. 2) Insulation values of various skirts were more relevant with physical properties such as thickness, air permeability, and thermal transmission of the materials rather than fiber content. 3) The addition of lining made significant difference in the insulation values of skirts and the differences of gathered and flared skirt were significantly higher than those of othere types of skirts.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2000

The effects of individual sweating rates on thermophysiological responses during the decrease phase of clothing surface temperature (Tcs) with cotton (C) and polyester (P) clothed subjects were examined. Seven women subjects were exposed in a climatic chamber at ambient temperature of $27.2^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 50%, and their lower-legs were immersed in a water bath at a temperature of $35-41^{\circ}C$ for 70 min. During water immersion, Tcs in C-clothed subject rose immediately after the onset of sweating and then Tcs fell gradually. In C-clothed subjects, Tcs decreased directly (p<0.05) in proportion to total sweating rate (TSR), however no significant correlation was observed in P-clothed subjects. The relationship between TSR and changes in mean skin temperature, and skin blood flow showed negative correlation when wearing C-clothing (p<0.05), however, no significant correlation when wearing P-clothing. Individual TSR was correlated with threshold rectal temperature for sweating onset (p<0.05) with C- and P-clothed subjects. The results showed that individual TSR had significant effects on not only Tcs but also on thermoregulatory responses during the Tcs decrease phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 1985

This research is designed to systemize the protection theory as well as to supplement the missing theory by organizing various studies on the protective functions of celothes by domestic and foreign scholers of clothing. Human environments is classified two standpoints : (1) Physical environments, and (2) man built psychological environments including socio-physical environments, socio-biological environments, behavioral environments, socio-psychological environments and institution environments. Clothes acting as a physical protection might be of (1) extreme air temperature: Parka; (2) high relative humidity: raincoat; (3) air movement: windbreaker; (4) radiation: space suit; (5) atmospheric pressure: deep sea diver suit; (6) mechanical agent: bullet proof vest; (7) physical agent: (8) chemical agent: (9) biological agent: surgeon's gown, cap, and mask. Also dresses act to support the body comfort, health and the well-being; corset for bad back patient, wrist band for people with weak wrist, bottom half of pressure suit for people with low blood pressure. Clothes acting as a psychological protection might be of (1) influence of magic and of spirits: (2) moral danger; (3) the general unfriendliness of the world as a whole; a reassurance against the lack of love. Clothes should provide the maximum of satisfaction in accordance with the full recognition of reality. The reality should aim at the formulation of general laws concerning the most pleasing forms, colors, and styles to suit. The complex physiological anatomical and psychological aspects of individual personalities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.35-35
• /
• 2011

Phase change material(PCM) has thermal energy storage and been attracted attention. Latent heat of the organic PCM can keep maintaining temperature when the change of outside energy conditions influence to PCM. Thus, many researchers have interested to thermal energy storage ability and investigated to applications such as thermal storage of solar energy, bioclimatic building, icebank, medical application, clothing industry and so on. Among the many applications, investigation of the PCM in clothing industry is also important because the people has interest functional factor called health-care in the clothing. In addition, PCM can give them mild environment condition such suitable temperature control or humidity. To fabrics, the PCM has various methods such as microcapsule, padding and modified cross-section formation(Sheath/core). Sheath core PCM fabric has a better benefit of durability than other method. However, PCM sheath/core spinning is difficult. In addition, dyeing property is important to use clothing industry due to visual images. In this study, we investigated dyeing properties of Nylon/PCM sheath/core fabrics. Especially, we observed the relation between dyeing property and PCM including ratio. Various temperature and pH conditions were also studied to optimize dyeing properties as acid dye.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.674-684
• /
• 2021

Recent advances in electronic technology have engendered a need for research on the use of smart materials in clothing. Electro-conductive fibers are expected to be a crucial element of wearable devices. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to develop electro-conductive threads and cables using silver nanowires. Based on the characteristics of silver nanowire, in which electro-conductivity can be imparted via heat treatment, we prepared conductive threads by coating nylon yarn with silver nanowires and curing at temperatures of 140℃, 150℃, and 160℃. Conductive threads cured at 140℃ had the highest conductivity, followed by threads cured at 160℃ and 150℃ respectively. The order of the electrical conductivity of the threads after tensile testing was consistent with the original order of the conductivity of the threads. When we evaluated the sensing performance of electro-conductive cables fabricated from these threads, the cables manufactured from threads cured at 140℃ and 160℃ were found to function normally within temperature and humidity sensors. All the cables operated normally in illuminance and electrocardiogram sensors. Thus, we believe that threads made of silver nanowire have sufficient electrical conductivity to be utilized as wearable sensors.