• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine temporal structures of English words beginning with an /s/ plus stop sequence through production experiments with native speakers of Korean learning English and native speakers of English. According to the results of our production experiment, both a beginner and an advanced group of Korean English learners produced /s/ shorter than a following stop, while the opposite pattern was observed in English native speakers' production. An advanced group of Korean English learners were good at producing a stop after /s/ as unaspirated, but their production of a stop following /s/ was different from English native speakers' production in that the closure duration of the stop was much longer.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to represent values of acoustic cues for Korean oral stops in the multi-dimensional space, and to attempt to find possible relationships among acoustic cues through correlation coefficient analyses. The acoustic cues used for differentiation of 3 types of Korean stops are closure duration, voice onset time and fundamental frequency of a vowel after a stop. The values of these cues are plotted in the two and three dimensional space and see what the critical cues are for complete separation of different types of stops. Correlation coefficient analyses show that there are statistically significant relationships among acoustic cues but they are not strong enough to make a conjecture that there is a possible articulatory relationship among the mechanisms employed by the acoustic cues.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.8-13
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• 1998

본 논문은 Gesturewndcjq 이론에 근거한 폐쇄음의 조음장소와 폐쇄음의 폐쇄구간 길이와의 상관관계에 대한 가설 즉, 연구개음의 폐쇄구간이 양순음이나 치음의 폐쇄구간에 비해 짧을 것이라는 가설을 실험음성학적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 이 가설을 완 전히 뒷받침해주지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 폐쇄음의 조음방법에 따라 약간의 차이를 보이 긴 하나 세 조음방법 상에서 적어도 양순음과 연구개음의 폐쇄구간 길이에 있어서는 본 연 구가 예측한대로 양순음의 폐쇄구간 길이가 연구개음의 폐쇄구간 길이보다 긴 것으로 나타 났다. 그러나 치음의 경우는 연구개음의 폐쇄구간과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았 다. 본 논문은 Gesture 이론이 폐쇄음 조음에 있어 폐쇄음 gesture와 주위 모음의 gesture와 의 중첩정도 외에 여러 다른 음성학적 사실들을 동시에 고려할 필요가 있음을 보여주었다. 즉, 폐쇄음 조음시 폐쇄강의 크기, 조음기관의 움직임 속도, 폐쇄강 내 압력 형성에 걸리는 시간, 그리고 폐쇄음 조음시 턱의 높이 등에 대한 고려의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.89-89
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• 1996

정상인 20명을 대상으로 하여, 우리말의 양순 파열음인 /ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ/의 발음시, 각각의 음소에서의 구강내압의 크기와 폐쇄기 및 VOT의 길이를 측정하고, 목표 자음이 어두에 나올 때 및 음절 초에 나올 때, 그리고 어음을 보통 소리로 말했을 때와 큰 소리로 말했을 때, 그 세 측정치가 어떻게 변화하는지를 파악하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다 채취된 어음의 구강내압은 발음시 Pressure sensor를 사용함으로써 산출된 파형을 이용하여 측정하였고, 폐쇄기와 VOT는 컴퓨터에 입력된 음성신호를 Spectrogram으로 분석하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 양순 파열음 중 구강내압은 /ㅍ/＞/ㅃ/＞/ㅂ/의 순이었고, 폐쇄기의 길이는 /ㅃ/＞/ㅍ/＞/ㅂ/, 그리고, VOT의 길이는 /ㅍ/＞/ㅂ/＞/ㅃ/의 순이었다. 양순 파열음이 어두에 올 패보다 음절 초에 올 때 더 큰 구강내압을 보였으며, 폐쇄기의 길이는 더 짧아지는 경향을 보였고, VOT의 길이도 폐쇄기와 마찬가지로 짧아지는 경향을 보였다 그리고, 양순 파열음을 큰 소리로 발음했을 때, 목표 자음의 위치에 상관없이, 구강내압의 크기는 의미 있게 커졌으며, 폐쇄기와 VOT는 짧아지는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2013

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication in elderly patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the maze procedure in these patients. Materials and Methods: Between February 2000 and May 2011, 46 patients underwent the maze procedure as a concomitant operation with ASD closure. Three patients who underwent a right-sided maze were excluded, and one patient was lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was $3.2{\pm}2.5$ years. Electrocardiography was performed 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery, and checked annually after that. Results: AF persisted in 4 patients after surgery. One year after surgery, among 38 patients, 55.3% remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. However, when including the patients who took antiarrhythmic drugs, 92.1% were in sinus rhythm. Freedom from AF recurrence at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery were $97.4{\pm}2.6$, $94.4{\pm}3.8$, $91.2{\pm}4.9$, $87.8{\pm}5.8$, $79.5{\pm}7.6$, and $68.2{\pm}12.4$, respectively. There was no early mortality after operation. Conclusion: Concomitant treatment with the maze procedure and ASD closure is safe and effective for restoring the sinus rhythm.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.50.1-50.6
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• 2019

Purpose: Maxillary bone grafts and implantations have increased over recent years despite a lack of maxillary bone quality and quantity. The number of patients referred for oroantral fistula (OAF) due to implant or bone graft failure has increased, and in patients with an oroantral fistula, the pedicled buccal fat pad is viewed as a robust, reliable option. This study was conducted to document the usefulness of buccal fat pad grafts for oroantral fistula closure. Materials and methods: We retrospectively studied 25 patients with OAF treated with a buccal fat pad graft from 2015 to 2018. Sex, age, OAF location, cause, duration, presence of systemic disease, smoking, previous dental surgery, and side effects were investigated. Results: A total of 25 patients were studied. Mean patient age was 54.8 years, and the male to female ratio was 19: 6. Causes of oroantral fistula were cyst enucleation, tumor resection, implant removal, bone graft failure, and extraction. Excellent results were obtained in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. In the other two patients that both smoked, a small fistula was observed during follow-up. No recurrence of oroantral fistula was observed after 2 months to 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions: The incidence of oroantral fistula is increasing due to implant and bone graft failures. Oroantral fistula closure using a pedicled buccal fat pad was found to have a high success rate.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the factor that might affect mandibualr body rotation. For the study, 115 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 35 dental students without angy signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected as the patient group and the contreol group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle' classification, lateral guidance pattern, and affected side were clinically recorded, and the amount of Mandibular body rotational torque movement was measured in wide opening and closure, in right and left excursion with vertical and lateral distance in frontal plane, right and left rotational angel in horizontal and in frontal plane. Masticatory muscle activity of anteriorocclusal contact pattern on maximal hard biting were also observed synchronously with BioEMG and T-Scan , respectively. The observed items were muscle activity of anterior temporalis and superficial masseter, and tooth contact status related to contact number, force, duration, and occlusal unbalance between right and left arch. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean value of vertical distance in frontal plane in wide opening and closure was more in control subjects than in patients, but there was no difference for rotational angle. In right excursion, rotational angles were greater in patient group than in control group. 2. Comparison among the subjects by preferred chewing side did not reveal any significant difference, but comparison among patients by affected side showed more rotational amount in bilaterally affected patients than in unilaterally affected patients. 3. Comparison among the subjects by Angle's classification or lateral guidance pattern revealed no difference. There was also no difference between preferred chewing side and contralateral side, and between affected side and contralateral side. 4. Positive correlation in madibular rotational torque movements were observed among vertical distance, total horizontal rotation angle, electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis, tooth contact number, and tooth contact force but total frontal rotation angle almost did not show any correlation with other variables except vertical distance.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

The wide deep penetrating wound of maxillofacial region should be early closed under emergency general anesthesia for the prevention of complications of bleeding, infection, shock & residual scars. But, if the emergency general anesthesia wound be impossible because of pneumoconiosis, obstructive pulmonary disease & hypovolemic shock, early primary closure should be done under local anesthesia by use of much amount of the anesthetic solution. The maximum dose of dental lidocaine (2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine) is reported to 7 mg/kg under 500 mg (13.8 ampules) in normal adult. But the maximum permissible dose of dental lidocaine can be changed owing to the general health, rapidity of injection, resorption, distribution & excretion of the drug. The blood level of overdose toxicity is above $4.0{\mu}g/ml$ in central nervous & cardiovascular system. The injection of dental lidocaine 1-4 ampules is attained to the blood level of $1{\mu}g/ml$ in normal healthy adult. The duration of anesthetic action in the dental 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100.000 epinephrine is 45 to 75 minutes and the period to elimination is about 2 to 4 hours. Therefore, authors selected the following anesthetic methods that the first injection of 6 ampules is applied into the deeper periosteal layer for anesthetic action during 1 hour, the second injection into the deeper muscle & fascial layer, the third injection into the superficial muscle and fascial layer, the fourth injection into the proximal skin & subcutaneous tissue and the fifth final injection into the distal skin & subcutaneous tissue. The total 26-28 ampules of dental lidocaine were injected into the wound as the regular time interval during 5-6 hours, but there were no systemic complications, such as, agitation, talkativeness, convulsion and specific change of vital signs and consciousness.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the prophylactic anti-glaucoma effect of topical 5% betaxolol (BTX) and 2% dorzolamide (DRZ) on the second eye in dogs with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Medical records of 60 dogs with unilateral PACG who received prophylactic anti-glaucoma eyedrops in the second eye, from 2016 to 2021, were reviewed. The prophylactic effects of BTX were maintained on 28/60 (46.7%) eyes until last visit and BTX failure was observed on median 510 (range, 53-1,927) days in 32/60 (53.3%) eyes. After DRZ instillation in BTX failure eyes, the prophylactic effects were extended at median 610 (range, 157-2,270) days in 21/32 (65.6%) eyes. DRZ failure eyes (17/21, 81.0%) eyes required chemical ablation or surgical intervention due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure. The duration of prophylactic effects was decreased with aging (R² = 0.334, p = 0.006). The predominant breeds were Shih-Tzu (41.9%) and American Cocker Spaniel (30.6%) with no significant differences in survival curves (p = 0.210). The average prophylactic effects of BTX persisted more than 1.5 year and could be selected the first prophylactic eye drop in unilateral PACG. Also, early surgical intervention should be considered in prophylactic medications failure cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.785-791
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• 2000

Left ventricular dysfuction is common in immediate postoperative periods after surgical correction of heart diseases with chronic left ventricular volume overload. We speculated postoperative changes of left ventricular volume and unction in patients with patent ductus osus(PDA) who had underwent surgical repair at ages older than 16 years. Factors influencing postoperative left ventricular volume and function were also analyzed. Material and Method: From August 1989 to August 1999 thirty-siz adult patients with PDA 28 females and 8 males. were enrolled in this study. Their age ranged from 16 years to 57 years(mean :32 years). Types of surgical repair were division with primary closure in 22, division with patch closure in 6, internal obliteration using cardiopulmonary bypass in 4 and ligation in 4. Aortic clamping was combined during surgical repair in 22(61%) and cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 8(22%) Two-dimensional echocardiography studies were performed in 34(94%) preoperatively and in 25(66%) immediate postoperatively to assess postoperative changes of left ventricular internal dimensions. left ventricular volume and ejection fraction. Duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 month to 99 months (mean:22 months) and 10 patients underwent 16 echocardiographic evaluation during this period Result : Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular systolic dimensions(LVIDs) were 42$\pm$8.0mm and 42$\pm$8.3mm left ventricular diastolic dimensions(LVIDd) were 64$\pm$10.0mm and 56$\pm$7.4mm left ventricular end systolic volumes(LVESV) were 62$\pm$19cc (z=1.87$\pm$0.06) and 59$\pm$24cc(z=1.78$\pm$0.08) left ventricular end diastolic volumes(LVEDL) were 169$\pm$40cc(z-1.17$\pm$0.1) and 112$\pm$29cc(z=0.85$\pm$0.1) and ejection fractions(EF) were 66$\pm$6.7% and 48$\pm$12.6% respectively. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values in LVDIDd(p=0.001) LVEDV(p=0.001) and EF(p=0.0001) while no significant difference is LVIDs and LVESV. Postoperative depression of ejcection fraction was significantly related with z-score of preoperative LVESV and LVEDV by univariateanalysis while LVEDV only was significant risk factor for postoperative LV dysfunction by multiple regressioin analysis ($\Delta$LVEF=-13.3-4.62$\times$LVEDV(z), p=0.001) During the follow-up periods ejection fractions become normalized in all except one patients. Conclusion ; Left ventricular function is usually deteriorated after the surgical correction of PDA in adult age and preoperative LVEDV is a major determinant of postoperative LV function.