• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

Objectives: In this study, we examined the validity of Clostridium difficile culture results as a proxy measure of Clostridium difficile infection, and inferred the epidemiologic characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection by tracking the trends of Clostridium difficile culture results. Methods: We reviewed the medical records to figure out the actual possibilities of Clostridium difficile infection of those with positive or negative results of Clostridium difficile culture during the time span from January 2012 to March 2012. We calculated the positive and negative predictive value of Clostridium difficile culture results for Clostridium difficile infection. Furthermore, epidemiologic characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary general hospital in 2012 were analyzed. Result: The estimated positive predictive value of Clostridium difficile culture tests for Clostridium difficile infection was 100%, and the estimated negative predictive value was around 94.4~99.3% depending on the cutoff value of possibility of Clostridium difficile infection. A total of 622 cases were identified as Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary general hospital in 2012 and there were 4.9 patients with Clostridium difficile infection per 1,000 inpatients. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identified that Clostridium difficile culture results can be used as a proxy measure of Clostridium difficile infection.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

As part of a larger study of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in South Korea, various samples from Namhangang were subjected to analyses. Fresh water, underwater sediment, and moss-inhabiting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated. 22 of the isolates were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that had ${\geq}98.7%$ 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with published species. The aerobic strains isolated were Kurthia gibsonii and Massilia plicata. Also identified were four facultative anaerobic strains: Bacillus hisashii, Enterococcus rotai, Paenibacillus vini, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. 16 strictly anaerobic strains were identified as Bacteroides xylanolyticus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Clostridium argentinense, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium cavendishii, Clostridium diolis, Clostridium frigidicarnis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium subterminale, Cutibacterium acnes, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Prevotella paludivivens, and Romboutsia lituseburensis. Based on the examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties of the isolates, descriptive information of these previously unrecorded species is provided here.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1993

토양을 비롯하여 어류, 패류, 조류, 포유류의 소화기관으로부터 Clostridium botulinum 분리를 시도하였다. 총 158개 분리원을 screening한 결과 10개 시료로부터 Clostridium botulinum 분포 가능성을 확인하였으며 6개 시료로부터 Clostridium botulinum을 순수 분리하여 3.8% 분리율을 나타내었다. 분리 균주의 형태적 특징, 배양상의 특성 및 생화학적 특성 등을 표준 균주의 특성과 비교하고 항혈청에 의한 중화시험을 실시하여 분리균주를 동정하였다. Egg york agar에서의 opalescence 생성, 탄수화물 이용성, Egg york GAM 배지상에서의 pearly layer 생성 등으로부터 Clostridium botulinum으로 동정할 수 있었으며 trypsin에 의한 toxicity 활성화, type E 항혈청에 의한 opalescence 생성억제 및 mouse 방어효과가 인정되어 type E 로 동정하였다. 국내에서 시판되고 있는 수 종의 식품을 대상으로 Clostridium botulinum 의 toxin 생성능을 비교하였던 바 식품의 종류, 사용균주에 따라 toxin 생성량에 현저한 차이가 있었다. 분리균주 type E 의 경우 어패류통조림, ham 식품에서 많은 양의 toxin 이 생성되었으며 sausage, 과일통조림 식품에서는 비교적 적었다. 그러나 type A 의 경우에는 어패류, ham , sausage 식품에서 상당량의 toxin 이 생성되었으며 과일통조림에서도 비교적 맣은 양의 toxin이 생성되었다 .

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.588-592
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• 2007

The prevalence of E. coli(K99), Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium parvum on acute diarrhea in suckling Korean native calves was evaluated in the field by a veterinary practice. In diagnosis, fecal samples were directly collected from calves that had diarrhea between 2 and 98 days of age. 40 samples were analyzed in October, 2006 and December, 2006. Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium parvum were detected in 15(37.5%) and 4(10.0%) of the samples from diarrhetic calves, respectively. However, E. coli(K99) was not detected in the samples from diarrhetic calves. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) between October(5, 25.0%) and December(10, 50.0%) in incidence of detected Clostridium perfringens from diarrhetic calves. On the other hand, significant differences (p<0.05) in the detection rate of Clostridium perfringens were found between the within 1 month age and all other age groups. In the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum, there was no significant difference(p<0.05) between October (2, 10.0%) and December(2, 10.0%) in the incidence of detected Cryptosporidium parvum from diarrhetic calves. These results suggest that causative agents of calf diarrhea occurred frequently with Clostridium perfringens infection than E. coli(K99) and Cryptosporidium parvum.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2011

석유자원의 고갈이 에너지 및 화학원료물질로 재생 가능한 바이오매스의 이용성을 증가시키고 있다. 본 총설에서는 바이오에너지 및 바이오화학원료인 C4-C6 생산에 관해 논하고자 한다. 주요한 C4 물질인 n-butanol과 n-butyric acid를 다량 생산하는 미생물은 Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium acetobutylicum이다. 대표적인 C6 물질인 n-hexanoic acid는 Clostridium kluyveri와 Megasphaera elsdenii가 다량 생산한다. 미생물 발효에 의해 보고된 n-butanol, n-butyric acid, n-hexanoic acid의 최대 생산량은 각각 21, 55, 19 g/L이었다. 배양과정에서 이들 생산물의 제거는 최종산물억제의 감소로 미생물에 의한 n-butanol, n-butyric acid, n-hexanoic acid의 생산량을 증가시켰다. 특히 C6 물질인 n-hexanoic acid는 n-hexanol로 될 수 있는 고 부가가치 물질로 생물학적 생산 연구가 꾸준히 진행 중인데, 신규한 미생물인 Clostridium sp. BS1은 galactitol을 이용하여 5 g/L의 n-hexanoic acid를 생산하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2016

Clostridium은 그람양성, 장간균으로 포자를 형성하는 절대혐기성 균이다. Clostridium은 다양한 기질을 이용할 수 있고, 유용 화합물 합성을 위한 building block으로 사용 가능한 대사산물을 생산할 수 있어, 최근 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 특히, Clostridium을 이용하여 생산된 butanol은 차세대 연료로써 고려되고 있다. 수송용 연료로써 butanol은 1세대 바이오연료인 ethanol과 비교하여 더 높은 에너지 밀도와 낮은 흡습성을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근, butanol 생산을 위한 Clostridium 대사공학이 활발히 진행되어 상당한 진보를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 butanol 생산을 위한 Clostridium의 대사공학 전략을 리뷰하고, 관련 분야에 대해서 간략히 전망하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.218-221
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• 1999

A case of enetritis caused by Clostridium perfringens was observed in 4years old, male California sea lion(Zalophus californianus). Clinical signs were included in anorexia, depression, diarrhea and vomitting, and the animal died on 4 days after showing clinical signs. Grossly, bloody contents were presented in the intestine and the intestinal mucosa were congested and dark redcolored, and also there were serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Histopathologically coagulative necrosis destroyed two third of the villus. Clostridium perfringens were isolated from the intestinal contents. Based on the gross and histopathological findings, this case was diagnosed as necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.475-479
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of chronic diarrhea from anaerobic bacteria isolated from Siberian tiger with chronic diarrhea. Major anaerobic bacteria isolated from faces were Clostridium perfringens and their population was $6 {\times} 10^3$ cfu/g feces. Antibiotic sensi- tivity test against Clostridium perfringens was performed using 6 antibiotic drugs including colistin gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, enofloxacin and penicillin. Clostridium per- fringens were sensitive to amikacin, enrofloxacin and penicillin while they were resistant to colistin. gentamicin and trmetboprim/sulfamethoxazole. And we found that chronic diarrhea of Siberian tiger was treated successfully with penicillin. These results suggested that Clostridium perfringens may bee a cause of chronic diarrhea in Siberian tiger.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 1999

한국인의 장내세균중의 유해효소생성 균주를 분리하여 장내환경 개선연구에 활용하고자 ${\beta}-glucuronidase$와 $7{\alpha}-dehydroxylase$의 유해효소를 분비하는 장내세균으로 알려진 Clostridium속 균주를 분리하였다. 동일인의 장내세균을 2회에 걸쳐서 검색한 후 최다 우점종이외의 장내세균은 동일인이라도 식이등 외부환경에 의하여 변화될 수 있음을 알았다. 이어서 Neomycin-Nagler 선택배지를 사용하여 Clostridium spp.를 14종 분리하여 이들 균주가 유해효소를 생산하는지를 조사하였다. 일차 선발균주중 Clostridium sp. Isolate-11은 ${\beta}-glucuronidase$를 강력히 생성하여 0.021 unit/mg protein의 활성을 보여주었으나 이들 분리 균주중에서 $7{\alpha}-dehydroxylase$의 역가를 TLC상에서 검출할 수 있는 균주는 발견하지 못했다. Isolate-11를 배양생리학적으로 동정한 결과 이 균은 Clostridium scatologenes인 것으로 잠정동정하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2004

Soil samples from five different areas in Korea were collected during 2001/02 and examined for presence of the genus Clostridium. Direct immuno-fluorescent assay (IFA) examination showed that Clostridium septicum, Cl. novyi and Cl. chauvoei were detected in the soil of specific areas in Korea. Sixteen species of Clostridium were isolated and cultivated from the soil samples. Cl. peifringens was detected in all sampling locations, while the other species were not. The in vitro activity of 14 antibiotic agents was determined against 421 clostridia isolated from the soil contaminated with animal feces in Korea. Trovafloxacin was effective against all isolates of the genus Clostridium except one isolate of Cl. subterminale, two of Cl. tetani, and three of Cl novyi with $MIC_{50}$ $8- 16\mu$g $ml^{-1}$. Thirteen species of Clostridium were resistant to vancomycin except for Cl. perfringens, Cl. sporogenes, and Cl. subterminale. Imipenem and trovafloxacin showed high antimicrobial activities (>95%) against all strains in the clostridia investigated. Therefore, antibiotic agents such as imipenem and trovafloxacin are the most suitable agents for polymicrobial infection as broad-spectrum monotherapy.