• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.291-306
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• 1995

Mandibular movement is composed of border movement and functional movement. Border movement such as maximal mouth opening, hinge opening ad lateral eccentric movement has good reproducibility, but functional movement such as chewing, swallowing and speech has also reproducibility. Especially for chewing movement, individual reproducibility has been confirmed by many studies. Study of chewing pattern is still in controversy. In new approach for raising the diagnostic value, numeric parameters and morphologic characteristics could be used for evaluation of chewing pattern. This study was performed to investigate the differences between chewing pattern in controls and in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Sixty-three patients with temporomandibular disorders participated in this study, and they were divided into unilaterally affected subjects or bilaterally affected subjects. Then unilaterally affected subjects were classified into closed lock group, disk displacement with reduction group, and degenerative joint disease group. For recording of chewing pattern, subjects were asked to chew one piece of presoftened chewing gum on both sides, and the chewing movement was recorded with the Electrognatho- Graphy(Bio-Research Associates Inc., U.S.A.). Tooth contact pattern for occlusal stability (Total left-right statistics )was also recorded with T-Scan(Tekscan Co., U.S.A.). The dta related to chewing pattern and total left-right statistics were statistically analyzed by SAS/stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In patient group, mean value of A-P distance and the ratio of A-P distance to vertical distance were larger than control group, but the value of lateral distance in affected side and the closing velocity in unaffected side were smaller than that of control group, respectively. 2. In case of unilateral affected patients, chewing pattern of other side had tendency to restricted movement and slow velocity in closed lock group or degenerative joint disease group than control group or disk displacement with reduction group. 3. In bilateral degenerative joint disease patients, contralateral side had tendency to large range of motion and slow chewing velocity than preferred chewing side. 4. The patients with restricted mouth opening below than 35mm had higher value of total left-right statistics than patient group mouth opening above 35mm. Also closed lock group had higher total left-right statistics than disk displacement with reduction group, degenerative joint disease group and control group. 5. There was some difference in morphologic characteristics of chewing pattern between in control group and in affected side of unilateral patient group, but no difference between control group and unaffected side of unilateral patient group. 6. There were positive correlations between vertical distance and A-P distance, between vertical distance and chewing velocity, between A-P distance and chewing velocity, and between opening velocity and closing velocity in unilateral affected patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5165-5169
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate the pathological characteristics of invasive margins in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinomas and their association with other clinicopathological features including clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinomas who received surgical treatment and had available follow-up information were identified. Their histological slides were reviewed for prognostic variables including tumor size, grade, extent of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, involvement of vaginal margin or parametrium, and lymph node metastasis. The characteristics of invasive margins including invasive pattern (closed, finger-like, or spray-like type), degree of stromal desmoplasia, and degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction were evaluated along the entire invasive fronts of tumours. Associations between the characteristics of invasive margins and other clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival were assessed. Results: A total of 190 patients were included in the study with a median follow-up duration of 73 months. Tumour recurrence was observed in 18 patients (9%). Spray-like invasive pattern was significantly more associated as compared with closed or finger-like invasive pattern (p=0.005), whereas the degree of stromal desmoplasia or peritumoral inflammatory reaction was not. Low degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction appeared linked with lymph node metastasis (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, a spray-like invasive pattern was independently associated with marked stromal desmoplasia (p=0.013), whilst marked desmoplasia was also independently associated with low inflammatory reactions (p=0.009). Furthermore, low inflammatory reactions were independently associated with positive margins (p=0.022) and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.034). The patients with spray-like invasive pattern had a significantly lower disease-free survival compared with those with closed or finger-like pattern (p=0.004). Conclusions: There is a complex interaction between cancer tissue at the invasive margin and changes in surrounding stroma. A spray-like invasive pattern has a prognostic value in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.2065-2073
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• 2000

In this paper, we present a wall climbing robot whose gate pattern takes after those of specialized climbing animals such as spiders. Characteristic features of the biological locomotion are partly realized in the design of the mechanism. The robot has two legs and a trunk. Each one-dof leg with suction pads is driven by a motor which employs a closed loop linkage mechanism, and the trunk with suction pads steers the whole body of the robot using a motor. By generating adequate trajectories of the leg and simultaneously alternating the suction pattern between the legs and the trunk, we can achieve the spider like motion. The proposed idea is implemented in a robot and some tests are performed to evaluate its performance.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2009년도 창립 20주년기념 특별학술발표회
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• pp.103-104
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• 2009

We proposed the laminate thin film asymmetric Extruded-closed-polygon diffusion pattern that was able to improve the performance of back light unit. Developed a pattern of brightness and bright line, half-power angle attribute the improved performance in the uniform, and through the formation of a thin film stackable diffusion layer 970% improved perpendicularity brightness, and 580% improved horizontality brightness.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.529-530
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• 2006

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.1998-2004
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• 2009

다양한 저장 장치의 발달과 네트워크의 발전은 대용량의 데이터를 연속적으로 빠르게 생성한다. 데이터 스트림에서의 데이터 마이닝은 처리 시간 및 메모리 사용에 제한적이다. 또한 생성된 데이터를 한 번의 스캔으로 유용한 패턴을 발견할 수 있어야 하고 정보 변화 가능성이 큰 데이터 속성을 갖는 경우 최근의 정보를 반영한 빠른 분석이 가능해야 한다. 기존의 지지도 기반 마이닝 방법들은 일정 기간 동안 미리 정의된 지지도 이상의 빈발 항목에 대하여만 고려하므로 중요도가 높은 항목들을 간과하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시간의 변화에 따른 가변성을 고려하여 가중치 지지도를 갖는 데이터 항목들에 대하여 보다 의미 있는 정보를 제공하기 위한 효율적인 빈발패턴 추출 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 WSFI-Mine(Weighted Support Frequent Itemsets Mine) 방법은 DCT(Data Stream Closed Pattern Tree) 데이터 구조를 이용하여 패쇄 빈발 항목을 탐사한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 DSM-FI와 THUI-Mine 알고리즘과 지지도 변화에 따른 성능을 비교하였고 그 결과 비교 알고리즘 보다 수행 시간이 우수함을 보였고, 빈발 항목을 생성하는 후보 항목의 수를 줄이므로 메모리 사용량을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2014

Ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solutions is caused by selective ion uptake of plants, which occurs at different rates in different growth stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ion balances in both recycled nutrient solutions and rockwool media using different renewal patterns for the nutrient solutions, and to analyze the subsequent effects on uptake of water and nutrients. Over 12 weeks of paprika cultivation, two different renewal patterns (week units) of 6-4-2 and 8-2-2 weeks were compared with a constant renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks (control). The nutrient solution in the reservoir tank was constantly maintained at EC $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH 5.5-6.5. The changes in the ion balance with the 4-4-4 week pattern were smaller than those with the other treatments. In the early growth stage, however, the ion balances similarly changed among all treatments. Greater changes were subsequently observed for the 6-4-2 week pattern. Although fruit yield and shoot fresh weight of paprika were the lowest with 6-4-2 renewal pattern, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate that renewal intervals can be extended in consideration of growth stage for more efficient and practical operations in closed soilless cultures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1997

The method that the operating condition of Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) can be monitored without mounting sensors within CRDM housing was developed, and by using this developed method the closed-loop controller for the CRDM was designed which can optimize the performance and maximize the reliability of CRDM operation. Neural network is utilized as pattern recognition engine in detecting CRDM actuation. In this paper, most problems in previous open loop system are resolved. The control algorithms for closed-loop system ore developed and implemented within the hardware of timing controller based on microprocessor. All functions in the timing controller ore verified by means of real time CRDM simulator. The results show that the timing controller performs its intended functions properly.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제11권
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• pp.1-18
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• 1984

The study aims at book importation from China in the Latter Choson Period. It chiefly, achieved to concomitant with an envoy of a trimming policy. The pattern of book importations divided into public trade, private trade, Royal gift. Beyond the main stream of imports were Neo-Confucian books, a bibliographical study of Chineses classics books and Paegwan fictions (fictional narratives of oral natures compiled by local officials) including So-hag books that were at that time in the fashion were introduced into Korea. Like this, several pattern of book importation had an important effect upon closed Choson society.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 1991

The author examined the patterns and various ranges of mandibular movements in TMJ lock closed patients in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal plane and obtained the following results. 1. In the frontal trajectory, the mean amount of maximum mouth opening was 24.4mm and the opening paths were deviated to the affected side in 87.1% of the patients. The mean amount of maximum laterotrusion to the affected side was 10.4mm and that of non-affected side was 7.5mm. There was a significant difference between them(p<0.001). 2. In the sagittal trajectory, the mean amount of the maximum protrusion was 7.0mm, the mean amount of the maximal retrusion was 1.0mm 3. In the horizontal trajectory, the pattern of laterotrusion showed asymmetry: the mean length of non-affected side was smaller than that of the affected side. Protrusive path were deviated to the affected side in 64.5% of the patients, the mean degree of deviation was 16.4$^{\circ}$. The mandibular movements of TMJ lock-closed patients can be characterized by decreased range of mouth opening, protrusive movement, and laterotrusive movement to the non-affected side and also characterized by deviated opening and protrusive path to the affected side.