• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to develop an automatic mixing system of nutrient solution for closed-loop hydroponics using ion electrodes. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. It appeared that ion-electrodes had not to be soaked into nutrient solution for a long time since it was much less durable than EC or PH sensors. Once ion-electrodes were soaked into real nutrient solution for a long time, they became unstable. 2. ion measurement modules, which were able to sample recirculated nutrient solution and easily wash and dry ion-electrodes, were developed in order to use ion-electrodes continuously. 3. The results of calibration tests on three kinds of ion electrodes presented that the time required to read measurement data was over 30 seconds. Using the calibration data the regression equations for the ion electrodes were developed. 4. An automatic nutrient-solution mixing system using the three kinds of ion electrodes was developed and then its accuracy was examined. The control errors of the mixing system using ion electrodes were in the range of 9.8 to 12%.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 1996

Hydroponics is to grow plants, not in soil but in water which the quantity of necessary chemical food can be controlled. In this paper, this is designed in the automatic system. The closed culture reduces cost of production and produces a many kinds of agricultural products in a confined place. An adaptive fuzzy control in the best method to solve and to overcome parametric uncertainties and non-linearity of the controlled system. A hydroponics automation system which is able to overcome these control problems. It is used in implementation of the hydroponics automation system. The performance is analyzed through an experiment in which the new adaptive fuzzy control method is applied to the automatic control of tomato hydroponics.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2019

In this paper, a closed hydroponics device was designed and fabricated to grow and harvest plants in a small space for safe consumption, which enables horticultural activities that are difficult to perform due to space constraints from urbanization. This device also aimed to minimize the air pollution of crops. To obtain data for the optimal growth conditions for crops in this intelligent plant-growing system, sensors were used to measure and control the growth conditions. To investigate the optimal growth conditions, blue lettuce and crown daisy were selected as representative crops. The growth rates were comparatively analyzed through four experiments for each plant. This hydroponics device was used to collect data on growth rates that are altered depending on cultivation conditions, which can then be used to study methods to control the growth rate of crops.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.489-496
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to test the applicability of hydroxy radical reactor system, which applied advanced oxidation processes, to sterilize pathogenic bacteria for nutrient solution recycling in closed hydroponics. Removal efficiency was tested on 25 L of nutrient solution maxed with 10 mL culture solution of bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum in a pilot tank. The testing conditions included various levels of hydroxy radicals resulting from air flow rates of 40, 80, and $120L\;min^{-1}$, and 12 hours processing time. The removal of bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum by hydroxy radical in nutrient solution was significantly increased with an increase in the flow rate of the air from $40L\;min^{-1}$ to $120L\;min^{-1}$. The optimum removal efficiency was achieved at an air flow rate of $120L\;min^{-1}$ for 2 hours treatment. There were no significant differences in removal efficiency among bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum for tested level and time of hydroxy radical. These results verified the efficiency of hydroxy radical in removing the pathogenic bacteria and the applicability of hydroxy radical reactor system in the field.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.476-484
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 파프리카(Capsicum annuum L.) 'Scirocco' 품종 수경재배 시 배액 재사용 여부에 따른 순환식 재배와 비순환식 재배 및 배지 종류가 배액의 양분 이온 변화 양상과 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 파프리카의 파종은 2021년 8월 19일에, 정식은 2021년 9월 16일, 순환식 및 비순환식의 재배 방식 적용은 2021년 10월 21일에 시행하였다. 배액 내 양분 분석 결과, Na⁺와 Cl^-은 작물이 제대로 흡수하지 않는 대표적은 이온으로써 생육이 진전될수록 순환식 재배방식에서 집적되었다. 또한 배액 내 NH₄-N의 함량이 NO₃-N의 함량에 비해 현저히 낮으므로 파프리카의 이온 선택성으로 인해 NO₃-N보다 NH₄-N이 우선 흡수되는 것으로 생각된다. 파프리카의 생육 및 과실 특성은 배액 재사용 여부와 배지의 종류에 따른 처리 간의 차이가 크지 않았다. 결론적으로 순환식과 비순환식의 수경재배 방식, 코이어와 암면의 배지 종류에 따른 파프리카 수경 재배 시 중기 이후의 세력약화로 인한 착과 불량을 유의하여 관리한다면 처리 간의 차이가 크지 않으므로 농가의 실정에 맞는 재배 방식과 배지를 선택하여 파프리카를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 다만 최근 환경오염에 대한 관심이 높아진 만큼 배액 재사용에 따른 병원균 감염 등을 잘 관리한다는 가정 하에서 순환식 재배 방식을 채택해도 수량 감소나 품질 저하 등은 우려하지 않아도 될 것이라 판단되며, 폐기 문제가 발생하는 암면 대신 코이어 배지를 선택한다면 더욱 환경오염 감소에 기여할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2017

식물공장에서는 작물에 필요한 재배환경을 인위적을 조절하여 고품질 농산물에 대한 연중 계획생산이 가능하다. 본 연구는 완전제어형 식물공장 재배에 적합한 콜라비 품종을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 실험은 완전제어형 식물공장에서 수행하였고, 식물재료는 적색의 콜라비 품종인 '아삭콜', '콜리브리'와 '퍼플킹' 품종을 사용하였다. 인공광원은 LED광이었으며, 광도와 일장은 각각 $249{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 12/12시간(밤/낮)이었다. 순환식 담액수경방식으로, 정식 후 57일까지 재배하였다. 정식 후 43일째에 전체 생체중과 괴경의 생체중 및 엽면적은 품종 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 건물중과 괴경은 '아삭콜' 품종이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 엽수는 '퍼플킹' 품종이 가장 많았다. 당도와 수량는 '아삭콜' 품종이 가장 높았다. 생육과 상품수량을 고려해 볼때, 완전제어형 식물공장에 적합한 콜라비 품종은 '아삭콜' 이었다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2002년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2002

실시간 온라인 계측에 의한 순환식 양액조제 알고리즘을 위해서 이온센서를 사용하였다. 이온센서의 내구성이 약하고 배양액 내에는 이온센서의 정확한 계측의 방해요인인 이온성분들이 포함되어 있기 때문에 매번 정확한 측도 설정을 수행 해줌으로써 계측값의 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었고 이온센서를 이용한 온라인계측의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 배양액 속에 장시간 넣어둔 상태로 사용하였을 경우 4시간 이상 경과하면 센서에서 나오는 신호가 지속적으로 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 장시간 동안 배양액에 노출되었던 센서는 측도설정이 불가능한 수준으로 일정농도의 용액 내에서 일정한 값을 나타내지 못하고 계측값이 지속적으로 상승하던가 하강하여 한계값 까지 이르렀다. 이러한 이유로 연구용이 아닌 실제 장치에 적용하여 실용화하기 위해서는 내구성이 강하고 계측하고자 하는 이온에 대해 영향을 주는 방해이온 속에서도 정확도를 유지 할 수 있는 센서의 개발이 선행되어야 한다. 또한 정확한 퇴액 성분의 측정을 위해서는 측도 설정이 선행되어야 하는데 계측이 필요할 때마다 측도 설정을 자동으로 해줄 수 있는 자동 측도 설정 모듈의 개발도 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 1996년도 국제심포지움 21세기 첨단식물생산시스템의 실용화
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1996

Factory-style plant production systems of various kinds are the final goal of greenhouse production systems. These systems facilitate planning for constant productivity per unit area and labor under various outside weather conditions, although energy consumption is intensive. Physical environmental control in combination with biological control can replace the use of agricultural chemicals such as insecticides, herbicides and hormones to regulate plants. In this way, closed systems which do not use such agricultural chemicals are ideal for environmental conservation for the future. Nutrient components in plants can be regulafied by physical environmental control including nutrient solution control in hydroponics. Therefore, specific contents of nutrients for particular plants can be listed on the container and be used as the basis of customer choice in the future. Plant production systems can be classified into three types based on the type of lighting: natural lighting, supplemental lighting and completely artificial lighting (Plant Factory). The amount of energy consumption increases in this order, although the degree of weather effects is in the reverse order. In the addition to lighting, factory-style plant production systems consist of mechanized and automated systems for transplanting, environmental control, hydroponics, transporting within the facility, and harvesting. Space farming and development of pharmaceutical in bio-reactors are other applications of these types of plant production systems. Various kinds of state-of-art factory-style plant production systems are discussed in the present paper. These systems are, in general, rather sophisticated and mechaized, and energy consumption is intensive. Factory-style plant production is the final goal of greenhouse production systems and the possibilities for the future are infinte but not clear.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 2005

Experiments were carried out to develop an optimal nutrient solution for the single-stemmed rose (Rosa hybrida L.) 'Red velvet' in a closed aeroponic system. Plants were grown in 1/3, 1/2, 1, or 3/2 strength of the nutrient solution of National Horticultural Research Station in Japan (NHRS). Significantly less changes of pH and EC ($dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) in the drainage were observed in 1/2 strength treatment as compared to other treatments. The $NO_3-N$, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in the drainage solution of 1/2 strength treatment were maintained at optimal levels. These results indicated that the rose uptakes of both nutrients and water was more stable than those in other concentration. The concentration of macronutrients in nutrient solution were adjusted based on the ratio of nutrient:water (n/w) taken up by plants grown in the 1/2 strength solution. The composition of the new solution (classified the University of Seoul (UOS) solution) was as follow; $NO_3-N$ 8.8, $NH_4-N$ 0.67, P 2.0, K 4.8, Ca 4.0, Mg 2.0 $me{\cdot}L^{-1}$. To further evaluate new solution on crop growth, the rose 'Red Velvet' was grown again in l/2, 1, and 2 strength UOS solution to compare with 1.0 strength PBG (proefstion voor bloemisterij en glasgroenpe) solution. Overall the plant growth, including the stem length and number of five-leaflet leaves was higher in 1.0 strength of UOS solution than other treatments. Results presented in this study indicate that the nutrients in the UOS solution are well balanced for the single-stemmed rose in the closed aeroponic system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2014

Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia. Triterpene saponins, known as ginsenosides, are the major pharmacological compounds in P. ginseng. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in ginsenoside composition according to the foliation stage of P. ginseng cultured in a hydroponic system. Among the three tested growth stages (closed, intermediate, and opened), the highest amount of total ginsenoside in the main and fine roots was in the intermediate stage. In the leaves, the highest amount of total ginsenoside was in the opened stage. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaf was markedly increased in the transition from the closed to intermediate stage, and increased more slowly from the intermediate to opened leaf stage, suggesting active biosynthesis of ginsenosides in the leaf. Conversely, the total ginsenoside content of the main and fine roots decreased from the intermediate to opened leaf stage. This suggests movement of ginsenosides during foliation from the root to the leaf, or vice versa. The difference in the composition of ginsenosides between the leaf and root in each stage of foliation suggests that the ginsenoside profile is affected by foliation stage, and this profile differs in each organ of the plant. These results suggest that protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol(PPT)-type ginsenosides are produced according to growth stage to meet different needs in the growth and defense of ginseng. The higher content of PPT-type ginsenosides in leaves could be related to the positive correlation between light and PPT-type ginsenosides.