• 지식경영연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

With the increasing importance of ecosystem in a business environment, the value of open innovation is receiving great attention. Under open innovation, companies open their knowledge, capital, and other resources to cooperating companies; on the other hand, under closed innovation companies depend solely on their own resources. In this paper, we compare closed and open innovation using the simulation method, and confirm that in terms of total capital and production of the industry, open innovation provides greater opportunities to the entire ecosystem. Moreover, Schumpeterian competition, which is a dynamic of closed innovation, functions even under open innovation. Our findings highlight that not only small but also large companies can receive the benefit of an enlarged industry under open innovation.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2011

연안 하구는 인위적인 개발압력이 상존하며 자연적인 변화에도 민감하게 반응하는 지역이다. 따라서 보존과 지속 가능한 이용을 위해서는 하구 생태계의 구조와 기능에 대한 이해가 필요하며, 인위적 혹은 자연적 변화에 어떻게 반응할 것인지를 아는 것이 필요하다. 하구 생태계 변화의 방향과 현 상태를 용이하게 판단하기 위한 노력의 하나로서 비오톱(biotope)과 하구 타입 분류(typology)를 이용하여 "생태 구역"을 정의하였다. 하구댐의 유무, 염분특성, 식생유무에 따라 16개의 생태 구역을 정의하였고, 고성만에 위치한 고성천 인근 4개 하구(배둔, 구만, 마암, 고성) 생태계에서 지형, 하상경사, 퇴적물 특성, 염분 구조, 식생 면적 등을 통해 생태구역 구분을 시도하였다. 고성천 인근 하구에는 총 16개 생태구역 중 7개가 구분되었다. 자연형 하천인 구만천, 마암천, 배둔천의 상류에는 NFB(natural, fresh, bare)가 나타나고 있으며, 기수 지역에는 NLV(natural, low salinity, vegetated)가 그리고 갯벌에는 NHB(natural, high salinity, bare)가 나타났다. 폐쇄형인 고성천의 경우 담수지역에는 CFB(closed, fresh, bare), 이후 하구쪽으로 CFV(closed, fresh vegetated)가 나타났다. 갈대가 넓게 서식하는 하구댐 안쪽지역은 CLV(closed, low salinity, vegetated)가 나타나며, 거산방조제 바깥쪽은 CHB(closed, high salinity, bare)가 나타났다. 고성천의 CHB와 CLV 지역은 방조제가 하구 생태계에 미치는 영향을 잘 보여주고 있다. 염분이 비교적 높고, 수심이 갚은 수로나 갯벌이 존재하던 CHB 지역이 하구둑에 의해 고염분 지역과 단절되면서 염분이 감소하고, 조석의 영향이 줄어들면서 침수가 줄고, 결국 갈대가 서식하기에 적합한 환경으로 바뀌게 되며, CLV로 바뀐 것으로 여겨진다. 국내의 여러 하구에 나타나는 생태구역을 데이터베이스화하여 각 생태구역의 출현 분포를 파악하는 것이 필요하며, 이러한 자료는 인위적, 자연적 변화에 의한 하구 생태계 변동을 예측하고 관리/대응 방안을 마련하는데 이용될 것이다. 생태구역 변화는 생태구조와 가능의 변화를 가져오기 때문에 생태계 역할 및 가치의 변화를 수반하며, 생태 구역 변화를 야기하는 사업의 타당성을 판단하는 근거자료로 이용될 수 있다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

A model experiment has been performed to get the heat transfer coefficient on the soil surface in the closed ecosystem. The heat flux on the soil surface was measured and the heat transfer coefficient was derived in the following two cases with 5-stepped control of inside air current speed. One case was that heat flowed from air to soil and the other case was that heat flowed from soil to air. Three dimensional CFD model has been set to simulate thermal environment in the closed ecosystem including soil layers. The standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model of the CFD program was chosen for turbulence model and heating wire buried in the soil layers was set as heat source option to simulate the case when the temperature of soil surface was higher than that of inside air in the closed ecosystem. Between one case that heat flowed from air to soil and the other case that heat flowed from soil to air, there were big differences in the temperature distribution of soil layers and the heat transfer coefficient of the soil surface. The increasing rate of heat transfer coefficient on each case according to the increase of inside air current speed was similar to each other and it respectively increased linearly. But the heat transfer coefficient on the case that heat flowed from soil to air was much bigger than that of the other case. The model was validated by comparing simulated values of CFD model with measured values of the model experiment. Simulated and measured temperature of inside air and soil layers, and heat transfer coefficient of the soil surface were well accorded and the range of corrected $R^2$ was 0.664 to 0.875. The developed CFD model was well simulated in parts of the temperature of inside air and soil layers, the distribution of the inside air current speed, and heat transfer coefficient of the soil surface were able to be quantitatively analyzed by using this model. Therefore, the model would be applied and used for analysis of heat transfer coefficient between air and surface in various agricultural facilities.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

Globalization, increasing technological advancements and dynamic knowledge diffusion are moving our world closer together at a unique scale and pace. At the same time, our rapidly changing society is confronted with major challenges ranging from demographic to economic ones; challenges that necessitate highly innovative solutions, forcing us to reconsider the way that we actually innovate and create shared value. As such the linear, centralized innovation models of the past need to be replaced with new approaches; approaches that are based upon an open and collaborative, global network perspective where all innovation actors strategically network and collaborate, openly distribute their ideas and co-innovate/co-create in a global context utilizing our society's full innovation potential (Innovation 4.0 - Open Innovation 2.0). These emerging innovation paradigms create "an opportunity for a new entrepreneurial renaissance which can drive a Cambrian like explosion of sustainable wealth creation" (Curley 2013). Thus, in order to materialize this entrepreneurial renaissance, it is critical not only to value but also to actively employ this new innovation paradigms so as to derive community-driven shared value that stems from global innovation networks. This paper argues that there is a gap in existing business incubation model that needs to be filled, in that the innovation and entrepreneurship community cannot afford to ignore the emerging innovation paradigms and rely upon closed incubation models but has to adopt an "open incubation" (Ziouvelou 2013). The open incubation model is based on the principles of open innovation, crowdsourcing and co-creation of shared value and enables individual users and innovation stakeholders to strategically network, find collaborators and partners, co-create ideas and prototypes, share their ideas/prototypes and utilize the wisdom of the crowd to assess the value of these project ideas/prototypes, while at the same time find connections/partners, business and technical information, knowledge on start-up related topics, online tools, online content, open data and open educational material and most importantly access to capital and crowd-funding. By introducing a new incubation phase, namely the "interest phase", open incubation bridges the gap between entrepreneurial need and action and addresses the wantpreneurial needs during the innovation conception phase. In this context one such ecosystem that aligns fully with the open incubation model and theoretical approach, is the VOICE ecosystem. VOICE is an international, community-driven innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem based on open innovation, crowdsourcing and co-creation principles that has no physical location as opposed to traditional business incubators. VOICE aims to tap into the collective intelligence of the crowd and turn their entrepreneurial interest or need into a collaborative project that will result into a prototype and to a successful "crowd-venture".

• 환경생물
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 해양생태계 위해성 평가 시 생물학적, 비생물학적 요인에 대한 인공생태계 실험의 초기 안정성을 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 육상 기반 해양 폐쇄형 메조코즘(LMCM) 실험을 수행하였다. 변동계수(CV)의 진폭 변화는 실험의 안정성 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 LMCM 그룹(200, 400, 600, 1,000 L) 내 비생물학적 실험변수에 대한 CV 값은 20~30% 범위로 유지되었다. 그러나 엽록소-a, 식물플랑크톤 및 동물플랑크톤과 같은 생물학적 요인의 CV 진폭 파이는 600L와 1,000L LMCM 그룹에서 높게 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 실험 초기에 생물학적 변수에 대한 제어가 부족하여 발생한 것으로 해석된다. 또한 ANOVA 분석에 따르면, LMCM 그룹 간 CV 값은 생물학적 요인과 연관된 실험변수들에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구에서 생물학적 변수의 안정화는 LMCM 그룹의 크기와 그룹 내 생물의 생태-생리학적 활동의 복잡성을 감안할 때 수질 및 영양염 성분을 제외하면 실험 초기 생물학적 변수의 변동성을 제어하고 유지할 필요가 있으나 현실적으로 어려운 부분이 많았다. 결론적으로 해양에서 과학적 도구로써 인공생태계 실험은 생물학적, 비생물학적 요인을 구분하여 명확한 측정요소(endpoint)를 비교 분석할 수 있는 연구목적 수립, 실험조건의 안정성 유지 및 실험결과를 객관적으로 해석할 수 있는 표준화된 분석 기법의 도입이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2003년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.372-377
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• 2003

인간이 생존하기 위하여 필요한 것들 중에는 음식, 물, 산소 그리고 피신처를 들 수 있을 것이다. 미 우주항공국(The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA))에서는 21세기에 인간을 화성에 보내고, 달과 화성에는 기지를 세워 사람이 살수 있도록 하고자한다. 화성까지의 왕복 소요 시간은 3년여 이상으로 이 기간동안 우주선 승무원들이 소비할 산소, 물 그리고 식량의 양은 방대한 양이며, 우주공간으로 쏘아 올리는데 많은 에너지가 필요하기 때문에, 경제적으로 재생산이 가능한 생명지원시스템을 고려하고 있다. (중략)

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

이 연구는 하동 송림 내 토양과 입지특성을 분석하고, 이용자들에 대하여 설문 조사를 실시함으로써 향후 송림의 토양복원 및 합리적 관리방안을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 하동 송림에서 평균토양용적밀도는 휴식년제지역($1.39g/cm^3$)이 비휴식년제지역($1.31g/cm^3$)보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 하동 송림의 휴식년제 지역에서 산책길의 토양용적밀도($1.74g/cm^3$)는 임내($1.39g/cm^3$)보다 약 1.3배 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 토양의 공극률은 산책길(34.6%)이 임내(47.7%) 보다 1.4배 낮았다. 비휴식년제지역에서 산책길의 토양용적밀도($1.53g/cm^3$)는 임내($1.31g/cm^3$)보다 약 1.2배 높았으며, 토양의 공극률은 송림의 산책길(42.6%)이 임내(50.5%) 보다 1.2배 낮은 값으로 나타났다. 또한 하동 송림(산책길)에서 토양의 공극률은 휴식년제지역(34.6%)이 비휴식년제지역(42.6%)보다 낮게 나타났다. 송림 지표토양의 토양경도는 휴식년제지역, 비휴식년제지역은 각각 10.5, $8.5kgf/cm^2$로 토양용적밀도의 결과와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 송림의 토양 화학성(토성, 토양pH, 유기물함량, 전질소, 양이온치환용량, 치환성양이온)은 식물이 성장하는데 영향을 미치는 적정함량에 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 송림을 탐방하는 이용자들은 휴양 및 경관조망이 주를 이루고 있고, 송림의 소나무 숲 생태계를 유지 보전하기 위한 관리를 위해서 휴식년제의 실시와 아울러 음주가무, 흡연, 오물투기 등 송림에서 행해지는 이러한 사항에 대한 단속 및 금지에 대한 교육이 필요한 것으로 응답하였다. 설문 응답자들은 현재 송림의 소나무 숲 생태계는 비교적 양호하다고 판단하지만 소나무 숲 생태계를 보전하기 위한 보다 적극적인 관리와 아울러 소나무숲 하층식생으로 자생종 화본과식물의 도입을 요구하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.72-90
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• 2001

Environment agriculture carried out from 1999 in Daeho reclaimed saline area, located in central east cost of Choongnam Korea, resulted in dramatic reduction of amount of nitrogen fertilizer and application times and amount of pesticides. The ecological status of Daeho reclaimed saline area was considered to still very sound from the results of ecological survey on flora and fauna. However, it was desirable to adapt precision agriculture for production of high eating quality of rice and preservation of Daeho ecosystem. Especially, precise application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was recommendable for prevention of water pollution in environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab. The bioefficacy of Scirpus maritimus and Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field of environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab in Daeho reclaimed saline area was revealed very low. Therefor, it was concluded that the pre-measures of reduction of natural weed population were necessary for successful environment agriculture. The most desirable and ideal environmentally sound agriculture in Daeho reclaimed saline area was performance of crop rotation, introduction of legume crops and green manure crops, and also, simultaneous management of crop production and animal husbandry for smooth flow of energy cycle within the closed Daeho ecosystem.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the vegetation structure of the Corylopsis coreana habitats in South Korea and their correlation with environmental factors, in order to provide basic data for preparing conservation. A total of 40 vegetation survey plots were established in around Southern region, Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do Province. The cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters: Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora (QmPd), Castanea crenata (Cc), Quercus mongolica (Qm), and Pinus koraiensis (Pk). Among them, the QmPd cluster was selected as the representative community. Soil texture analysis that most areas consisted of loamy soil and were distributed on the northern aspects. The plantation, represented by Pk, exhibited a high content of exchangeable aluminum (5.227±0.342 mg/kg), suggesting the need for soil improvement and monitoring in these habitats. The canopy openness (forest gap) ranged from 11% to 21%, indicating a relatively closed canopy in many survey plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated heterogeneous species composition between the QmPd cluster and the Pk cluster (total R² = 0.608).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1998

In order to assess the present status of the fragmentation of ecosystem and the building of ecological corridor, 79 EISs(Environment Impact Statements) which were conducted in Kyunggido and Kangwondo have been reviewed using 36 analysing factor. The results obtained from this study were as follows: a. The most frequently appearing type of ecosystem fragmentation was 'mountain vs. mountain type in topography' and '2 vs. 2 grades in the degree of green naturality.' b. The most frequently listed fauna in EISs included squirrels and wild rabbits for mammals, grass snake and pit viper for reptiles, and tree frog and true tree frog for amphibians. c. Among the EISs for 50 projects, the construction of ecological corridor mentioned in only 4 projects and other structures such as drainage duct and closed conduit in 14 projects were suggested as ecological corridor. There were no corridors suggested in 32 projects. Thus, in case of using other structures for wildlife animals but ecological corridors, it should be accompanied by incidental facilities for including animal movement.