• Applied Microscopy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1982

The study on the nerve cells in the pars intercerebralis(IP) of 5-day-old cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae L. was performed to observe their ultrastructures and classify them on the basis. of the differences in size, shape and relative distribution cf cell organelles. The brain-subesophageal ganglion complex was fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde-1% gluaraldehyde mixture and embedded in araldite mixture. The transverse thin sections of IP were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined by Hitachi 500 and ]EM 100B electron microscope. Five distinct types. of nerve cells are recognized and are arbitrarily designated as Type I, Type II Type III, Type IV and Type V. Type I neurone: These neurones are neurosecretory cells. Several neurosecretory cells are. recognized in the pars intercerebralis. They are roughly round or peach-shaped cells measuring $13{\sim}25{\mu}m$ in diameter. The rounded nucleus shows about $5{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in diameter. The chromatin is predominantly diffused with only occasional dense patches. The perikaryon contains numerous. mitochondria, free polyribosomes and neurosecretory granules. The neurosecretory granules are relatively uniform in electron density, and each one is about $100{\sim}400{\mu}m$ in diameter and surrounded by a single membrane. The granules are also observed mostly as in groups. In one group of neurones the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum are distended or in other group of neurones are not distended. Golgi saccules are slightly dilated at their lateral extremities and contains. frequenty dense rounded materials. Type II neurone: Thes have the largest soma in the pars intercerebralis about $30{\sim}35{\mu}m$ in diameter. They also show roughly polygonal in shape. The nucleus is elongated or sickle-shaped. The chromatin is mainly in the euchromatin form. The perikarya in these cells are well populated with populated with free ribosomes and contain numerous mitochondria and Golgi bodies. The cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum are also well distributed. Type III neurone: They are oval or spindle-shaped and also medium-sized. neurones approximately $15{\sim}17{\mu}m$ in length. The nucleus is oval or slightly elongated in shape and $8{\sim}9{\mu}m$ in length. The chromatin occurs in diffused form. The cytoplasm contains many filamentous or oval mitochondria. The perikaryon has also numerous free polyribosomes and cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. Type VI neurone: They are roughly polygonal in shape probably due to the close approximation of the adjacent cells. The soma is about $7{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in diameter. The nucleus is round or oval in shape and $5.0{\sim}5.8{\mu}m$ in diameter. The necleus also occupies a large proprion of the cell body. The perikaryon is well populated with free ribosomes and contains several mitochondria and cistenae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. Type V neurone: These neurones are similar to Type VI neurones in various respects such as cell size and cell inclusion, but they differ from Type IV neurones in shape. The soma is oval or slightly elongated. The cell body contains several filamentous and oval mitochondria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 1988

This study was to obtain effect of stem leading time and angles on the growing and flowering in climbing rose. The results were as follows : In the rambler type, climber type and pillar type, differences of bud size were decreased between upper ports and lower parts as leading angles were close to the horizon. And bud type was like a long-egg shape. regardless of growing type, differences of stets diameter between upper parts and lower parts were decreased when the angles were leaded horizon. In order to increase rate of shooting and flowering, regardless of leading time, rambler type was shooted in a short period and flowered evenly, from upper to lower parts of stem as leading angles were horizon. But in the case of 45$^{\circ}$, the rate of lower parts was nearly zero. In climber type, shooting and flowering was only happened to the lower parts of stem when leaded during growth stage according to leaded horizon. These phenomena are supposed that shooting and flowering rate are influenced by not only apical dominance but degree of bud growth. Meanwhile, pillar type was shooted and flowered evenly to lower parts when the stem was leaded during growth stage or not leaded completely. But in creeper type, there was no connection with the leading. Therefore, this type had better not leaded. Length of flowering stem, regardless of growing type, was equaled when leaded during growth stage according to leaded horizon.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities caused by erosion control dams using data obtained from three erosion control dams in Wonju, Gangwon Province, before and after the rainy season. Surveys were conducted four times from March to September 2019, and survey points were continuously selected during the installation of closed-type and open-type dams. A total of eight points from the upstream and downstream regions of each dam type were selected. The flow velocity of both the closed and open types increased, but the closed type exhibited a relatively higher flow velocity than the open type. Benthic macroinvertebrate species and individuals mostly decreased after the rainy season. A relatively large number of species and individuals were found upstream of the closed-type dam. An analysis of the ephemeroptera-plecoptera-trichoptera groups showed relatively reduced ephemeroptera in the closed-type dam and reduced trichoptera in the open-type dam. The periods before and after the rainy season could be divided based on the results of a similarity analysis. The open type showed relatively minimal changes before and after the rainy season.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.477-496
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• 2013

Due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of installation, wireless smart sensors (WSS) have received considerable recent attention for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Though various wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) have been successfully implemented for full-scale structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, monitoring of low-level ambient strain still remains a challenging problem for WSS due to A/D converter (ADC) resolution, inherent circuit noise, and the need for automatic operation. In this paper, the design and validation of high-precision strain sensor board for the Imote2 WSS platform and its application to SHM of a cable-stayed bridge are presented. By accurate and automated balancing of the Wheatstone bridge, signal amplification of up to 2507-times can be obtained, while keeping signal mean close to the center of the ADC span, which allows utilization of the full span of the ADC. For better applicability to SHM for real-world structures, temperature compensation and shunt calibration are also implemented. Moreover, the sensor board has been designed to accommodate a friction-type magnet strain sensor, in addition to traditional foil-type strain gages, facilitating fast and easy deployment. The wireless strain sensor board performance is verified through both laboratory-scale tests and deployment on a full-scale cable-stayed bridge.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1998

The impact programmer for impact test was designed and the impact analysis was conducted. The effects of the material and geometric parameters on the impact force and pulse shape were investigated. The impact characteristics were examined by experimental and finite element method. The impact test was conducted with free drop impact tester. The ABAQUS/Explicit 5.5 version was used for finite element analysis. The geometric parameters of the conical and dome type impact programmer were analyzed. The polyurethane impact programmers were fabricated and tested. The effects of the hardness and thickness of the impact programmer were studied. The peak acceleration and time duration of impact programmer have close correlation with the hardness, impact energy and thickness of the impactor. The experiment was good agreement with analytical predictions. The impact pulse shape generated with polyurethane impact programmer was half sine shape. The maximum impact force was proportional to impact energy. The impact acceleration was decreased with thickness of impact programmer. The maximum impact time duration level was about 2 msec.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.5 s.347
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• pp.176-181
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• 2006

We have built the close range Dicke type radiometer with 35GHz of frequency, which consists of two stage low noise amplifier and diode detector to calibrate temperatures of materials. We have present thermal calibration methods using millimeter-wave radiometer. Output voltages linearly increase with temperatures between 299K and 309K. We are able to measure lower temperature using the liquid nitrogen although results are somewhat unstable.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

When confronted with a query, question answering systems endeavor to extract the most exact answers possible by determining the answer type that fits with the key terms used in the query. However, the efficacy of such systems is limited by the fact that the terms used in a query may be in a syntactic form different to that of the same words in a document. In this paper, we present an efficient semantic query expansion methodology based on query patterns in a question category concept list comprised of terms that are semantically close to terms used in a query. The proposed system first constructs a concept list for each question type and then builds the concept list for each question category using a learning algorithm. The results of the present experiments suggest the promise of the proposed method.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

With the development of industry and standard of living, the quantity of groundwater consumption has been increasing. For the analysis of groundwater, to determine the hydraulic parameters of aquifer is very important. Various numerical methods have been developed to solve aquifer tests and eliminate the subjectivity of traditional graphical type curve methods. The slope-matching method, which matches the slope of the Theis type curve to the slope of the field data, can be used to numerically solve pump tests for both leaky and nonleaky aquifers. A FORTRAN program on based slope-matching method was developed to obtain the transmissivity, storage coefficient, and leaky factor from pumping test data automatically. Results derived from published data show that the improved slope-matching method gives parameters close to the ones derived by the slope-matching method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1994

This paper was made to examine floor plan and block plan of traditional upper-class houses in the north Kyeungsangbukdo region with consideration into city and country each. The results of this study were as following; First, Munkyung area is latitudinally located in northern area along with the Yechon and Andong. However, Munkyung area has open plot system while Yechon and Andong has not. It is because even if Munkyung area is located in the western of Nak-Dong river and belongs to the northern region, it has belonged to the cultural area which is developed around Sangju area. Second, Youngduk area belongs to the east-coast but it had frequent cultural exchange and marriage with Andong which is located on the road along with Tae-Baek Mountain. Due to the cultural exchange, their housing type is very similar to those of Andong which is close plot plan of "ㅁ" type. Therefore, even if Youngduk is located in the east-coast area, it should belong to the cultural background of Andong area. Regionally, the culture of Kyongsangbukdo has been divided into northern area, southern area, and east-coast area. But, the findings of this study indicate that the analysis of location and floor plan of housing should not be based on the natural environment oand geographic characteristics. Hence, it should be based on the all aspects of environment, including social and cultural nature to find more reliable and accurate results.e results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1555-1566
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• 2018

Proportional capacitor-current-feedback active damping (AD) is a common damping method for the resonance of LCL-type grid-connected inverters. Proportional capacitor-current-feedback AD behaves as a virtual resistor in parallel with the capacitor. However, the existence of delay in the actual control system causes impedance in the virtual resistor. Impedance is manifested as negative resistance when the resonance frequency exceeds one-sixth of the sampling frequency ($f_s/6$). As a result, the damping effect disappears. To extend the system damping region, this study proposes a virtual resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) AD method. The method is implemented by feeding the filter capacitor current passing through a band-pass filter, which functions as a virtual RLC in parallel with the filter capacitor to achieve positive resistance in a wide resonance frequency range. A combination of Nyquist theory and system close-loop pole-zero diagrams is used for damping parameter design to obtain optimal damping parameters. An experiment is performed with a 10 kW grid-connected inverter. The effectiveness of the proposed AD method and the system's robustness against grid impedance variation are demonstrated.