• Title/Summary/Keyword: Clonorchiasis

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Analysis of Clonorchis sinensis antigens and diagnosis of clonorchiasis using monoclonal antibodies (단세포군 항체를 이용한 간흡충 항원의 분석 및 간흡충증의 진단)

  • Yong, Tae-Sun;Im, Gyeong-Il;Jeong, Pyeong-Rim
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.293-310
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    • 1991
  • Clonorchis sinensis is a common parasite of man in Korea. Researches on the specific antigens of C. sinensis would be valuable not only because those elucidate the molecular characteristics of this fluke but also because it is applicable to immunodiagnosis. Although many monoclonal antibodies have been used in the field of parasite immunology, few articles on monoclonal antibodies against C. sinensis have been published so far. The aim of this study was to analyse C. sinensis antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies, and to set up ELISA-inhibition test using C. sinensis specific monoclonal antibodies for improved specificity of immunodiagnostic tests. By fusion between spleen cells of the mice immunized with C. sinensis water-soluble crude adult worm antigens and plasmacytoma cells of mouse origin, 29 hybridoma clones secreting anti-C. sinensis monoclonal antibodies were made, and 8 clones among those were found specific. After cell cloning, isotypes of 6 selected specific monoclonal anti- bodies were determined to be IgGl, IgG2b and IgA. Four exposed antigenic determinants of natural infection were recognized by different specific monoclonal antibodies. By enzyme-immunoelectrotransfer blot, 10 KD, 34 KD antigenic determinants were found to be reacted with CsHyb 0714-20, CsHyb 0605-10 monoclonal antibodies, respectively, The antigenic determinant recognized by CsHyb 0714-20 monoclonal antibody was revealed to be located at the surface and parenchyme of a parasite by indirect immunoauorescent antibody technique, and those reacted with CsHyb 0605-10, CsHyb 0714-25 monoclonal antibodies were found at the parenchyme and intestine. The antigenic determinant reacted with CsHyb 0605-23 monoclonal antibody was found mainly around the uterine eggs. Four antigenic determinants recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies were all found to be present in the early eluted fractions of C. sinensis antigens separated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. By conventional ELISA, 75% of clonorchiasis cases were found positive, but 7.1% of normal controls and 37.5% of paragonimiasis cases showed false positives. However, by ELISA-inhibition test using C. sinensis specific monoclonal antibody (CsHyb 0605-23), 77.1% of clonorchiasis cases were found positive, and there were no false positives in normal controls or paragonimiasis cases, indicating 100% specificity. The ELISA- inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies was found to have same sensitivity and definitely high specificity in comparison with conventional ELISA for serodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis.

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Infection status with trematode metacercariae in pond smelts, Hypomesus olidus

  • Nam, Hae-Seon;Sohn, Woon-Mok
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.37-39
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    • 2000
  • Many Koreans usually eat raw pond smelts, Hypomesus olidus, in the winter. This study was performed to evaluate the infection status with trematode metacercariae in pond smelts from January 1998 through February 1999. Among 1,305 fish collected, 459 were purchased from wholesale dealers in Chinchon-gun, Chungchongbuk-do, and the rest of them were caught with a casting net in Soyangho (Lake), Taehoman (Bay) and Paekkokchosuchi(Pond). Seven species of trematode metacercariae including two unidentified ones were detected from 1,305 pond smelts. The number of detected trematode metacercariae according to the species are as follow: Clonorchis sinensis 8, Holostephanus nipponicus 7, Cyathocotvle orientalis 24, DipLostomum sp. 14, and Metorchis orientalis 7. From the above results, it was confirmed that H. olidus plays a role as the second intermediate host of some kinds of trematode including C. sinensis in Korea. Our report shows possible clonorchiasis caused by eating raw pond smelts.

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A carbohydrate antigen of Clonorchis sinensis recognized by a species-specific monolonal antibody (종특이 단세포군항체에 반응하는 간흡충의 당질항원 한 가지)

  • 용태순;이종석
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.279-282
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    • 1996
  • The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-inhibition test using a Clonorchis sinensis species-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) , CsHyb 0605-23, showed increased specificity over the conventional ELISA used for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. To characterize the corresponding antigen further, the MAb was tested against polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid fractions obtained from a crude extract of C. slnensis adult worms, using chloroform, methanol and phenol extractions. Only the polysaccharide fraction was recognized by the mb among those fractions. Mild oxidation of the antigen with sodium periodate showed decreased reactivity against the MAb. We concluded that the antigen and antigenic determinants recognized by the MAb are carbohydrates.

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Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonographic Findings of Clonorchiasis - Including Positive Infestation Rate of Nakdong River Basin in Korea - (간흡충증 환자에서 복부초음파 검사의 진단적 가치 - 낙동강유역 환자의 감염율을 포함하여 -)

  • Kim, Jong-Deok
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 1991
  • 1989년 1월부터 1990년 2월까지 2년간 건강진단을 목적으로 본병원의 성인병예방센타를 방문했던 경상남북도 거주자 5,978명중 간흡충증 환자 528명을 대상으로 하여 낙동강유역 거주자와 나머지 지역 거주자의 감염율을 비교하였고, 같은 기간동안 본병원의 외래 또는 입원환자 중 간흡충증으로 진단된 206명의 복부초음파 소견을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 낙동강유역 거주자의 감염율이 나머지 지역 거주자에서 보다 3.8배 높았으며, 남녀의 비가 2 : 1이었고, 30세에서 59세 사이가 86%를 차지하였다. 2) 간내담관의 미만성 확장 및 여러정도의 간내담관벽의 에코증가와 아울러 담낭내의 떠다니는 뚜렷한 에코소견들이 간흡충증의 특징적 초음파 소견이며, 이중 간내담관의 확장으로 인한 parallel channel sign은 활동성 감염증이거나 또는 후유증일 수 있지만 담낭내에 떠도는 에코소견은 활동성 감염증을 나타내는 소견이다.

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An Epidemiological study on clonorcohiasis at a Gum-River Basin (금강유역(부여읍, 현북리)에 있어서의 간흡훼증의 역학적 조사)

  • 조경진;윤오섭;추상규;신현성
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 1982
  • An epidemiological survey on 136 inhabitants of a Gum-River basin, Hyunbook-ri, Puyo-up, Puyo county, South ChoongCheong-Do, conducted from July 22, 1981 to July 25, 1981 with the purpose of studying Clonorchiasis, revealed the results as follows, 1. Positive skin reaction (wheal size larger than $60mm^2$) rate was 42% (55 positive reactors among the 131 studied), and the positive rates were all high at the age groups over twenty, while low at the below twenty. 2. In the stool examination, the employed cellophane thick smear method revealed the results as follows, overall infection rate of helminth: 65% (55 infected among 84 studied) - C. sinensis 33% (28/84), A. lumbricoides 5% (4/84), Taenia Sp 7% (6/84), T. trichiurus 32% (27/84). 3. The prevalence rate of C. sincrisis was highest in 40 - 49 year-old group by age: male 39% (11 infected/ 28 studied) female 14% (3/28), and not a single case was found in the lower age groups than twenty including school children.

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국내 기생충 질환의 현황 및 전망

  • Chae, Jong-Il
    • Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2003
  • The current status and future prospects of parasitic infections in Korea is briefly reviewed. Soil-transmitted helminth infections including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections decreased remarkably. owing to the national control activities excuted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion(formerly Korea Association of parasite Eradication) using mass heath education. Important recent trends include reemergence of vivax malaria since 1993, persistence of food-borne trematode infections including clonorchiasis and intestinal trematode infections, increased detection of zoonotic parasitosis, close-up of infection with opportunistic parasites including cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and pneumosytosis, increase of imported tropical infectious disease, appearance of new parasitic disease such as gymnophalloidiasis, and increase of accidental infections with free-living amoebae. These trends represent greatly changed overall patterns of parasitic infections in Korea.

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Allozyme Variations in Local Populations of Parafossrulus manchouricus (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in Korea (한국산 왜우렁이 집단의 지역적 Allozyme 변이에 관한 연구(I))

  • Chung, Pyung-Rim;Jae-Kyung Chang;Yung-Kyum Ahn
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.37-53
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    • 1988
  • The most medically important snail species of Korea is Parafossarulus manchouricus, a member of the freshwater prosobranch family Bithyniidae. The human parasite that this snail transmits is Clonorchis sinensis, the "Chinese live fluke". On the other hand, this snail has physiological characteristics that reduce the turbidity of freshwater by its filiter feeding activity. However, a few basic studies have been carried out so far. The present studies were attempted to know 1) the possibility of culturing the snails and 2) allozyme variations among 5 local populations of this bithyniid snails. As the results of the studies, P. manchouricus was able to be cultivated in the lavoratory and showed considerable allozyme variations especially in the Chongpyung and Paldaing populations out of those collected from 5 localities in Korea. It is quite suggestive that the endemicity of clonorchiasis might be related to the allozyme variability.

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Draft genome of Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail

  • Gim, Jeong-An;Baek, Kyung-Wan;Hah, Young-Sool;Choo, Ho Jin;Kim, Ji-Seok;Yoo, Jun-Il
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.32.1-32.10
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    • 2021
  • Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis, and other parasites. Although S. libertina has ecological, commercial, and clinical importance, its whole-genome has not been reported yet. Here, we revealed the genome of S. libertina through de novo assembly. We assembled the whole-genome of S. libertina and determined its transcriptome for the first time using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. According to the k-mer analysis, the genome size of S. libertina was estimated to be 3.04 Gb. Using RepeatMasker, a total of 53.68% of repeats were identified in the genome assembly. Genome data of S. libertina reported in this study will be useful for identification and conservation of S. libertina in East Asia.

Community development and parasite control (지역사회개발(地域社會開發)과 기생충(寄生虫))

  • Rim, Han-Jong
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.10-21
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    • 1976
  • The traditional application of night soil to vegetable gardens and rice paddies results in a most wide spread condition of parasitism, with a variety of helminths found in Korea. In addition to the above fact, the peculiar habit of the consumption of raw vegetables, fish, crustaceans and mammals provides a means of infestations of helminths. During the last sixty years numerous reports were found on the prevalence of helminths amongst the Korean population in different parts of the country, and it was generally recognized that ascariasis, hookworm disease, filariasis, clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis constitute the important helminthic disease in Korea. In practical measures of parasite control activities the main measures are summarized as mass-treatment, night-soil disposal and transmission control. Among the three, the mass-treatment has been commonly applied, however, no reduction of transmission has been obtained by treatment of a population. Therefore, the ultimate eradication of parasites will depend upon the application of comprehensive environmental sanitation measures. The basic environmental measures will be concerned with (a) the safe disposal of human excreta, (b) the provision of adequate and safe water supplies in such a way as to promote a higher standard of personal hygiene in the population, and (c) the prevention of food contamination by faecal material. Additional environmental measures will deal with the improvement of housing and housing hygiene and with general community development. Community development means social and cultural as well as economic development. The control measures on the parasitic endemic diseases, such as clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis are the good examples for community health development in Korea. The control of Clonorchis and Paragonimus infections are theoretically very simple, as the infection can only invade the human body by way of encysted metacercaria which are taken into the body when eating passive intermediate hosts(fishes, crabs and crayfishes). Although prophylactic measures in the case of the infections deal with above merely consist the fishes in cooking or submerging in hot water before eating them, it is exceedingly difficult to carry out such simple measures in face of century old traditions, to which the relatively primitive population clings with great tenacity. There is no one universally applicable method of control. The choice of methods must be dictated by the nature of the environment. the habit and custom of the people. the pattern of transmission and the resources of the country. There must exist a well organized public health infrastructure. Since a control programme is of necessity on a longterm basis and continuity in its implementation is essential. An investigation should be made on the prevalence of the diseases and its relationships to irrigation engineering, freshwater ecology, agricultural methods, hydro-electric schemes, and the development of communities in affected areas. In conclusion, however. the control of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in Korea is not an impossible task. A combination of efforts with major emphasis on health education and mass chemotherapy coupled with governmental aid in enforcing legislative public health measures could reduce the diseases. Health education in particular attempts following four things: (a) It supplies a person with enough general knowledge about a disease to make the preventive measures. (b) It makes a person feel sufficiently about the importance of his own health to make him alter his behavior and adopt these preventive measure. (c) It makes him concerned for the health others. (d) It tries to make him feel so strongly about the first three that be supports and even initiates preventive action by the community. Educational efforts should be directed primarily toward school children because it is during the early years that most persons become infected, and also because children are less entrenched in their food habits so that, the educational process should be involved at various levels in successive changes of knowledge, attitude, beha viour, habit and custom of their lives. The most parasitic endemic diseases are related to community diseases. In caring for a sick community. the first stage is to gather epidemiological data, the next is to make inferences from it-to make the community diagnosis. The third is to prescribe community treatment or community health action part of a community health action programme. The community health action is the sum of the steps decided upon to remedy the critical features revealed by the community diagnosis. Action takes various forms; health education is the most important.

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Usefulness Comparative Experimental Study of the CT and MR Imaging in the Dog Clonorchiasis (잡견 간흡충증의 전산화단층촬영과 자기공명영상의 유용성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Goo, Eun-Hoe;Kweon, Dae-Cheol;Kim, Dong-Sung;Choi, Chun-Kyu
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2003
  • Purpose : Be aware of clinical possibilities on image quality by comparison of contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging applied of MIP technique after the experimentally induced clonorchasis infection in dogs. Materials and Method : Twenty mongrel dogs prepared in zoo-laboratory were followed up with serial CT scans and MR imaging for 13 weeks after the experimental infection in liver. Two-phase helical CT was acquired in the supine position with the following scanning parameters. After the injection of contrast material, the arterial phase was initiated using a bolus-racking method. The portal phase scan was started 15 seconds after the arterial phase scan. CT protocol was determined after single level dynamic scans. MR imaging used the CP body coil and images get a 2D image using HASTE, FLASH, TSE pulse sequence. Bile duct MR imaging were obtained in three plans. Then each image was post processed by using target MIP algorithm. Two experimentation above, as a method of evaluation, one pathologist, three radiologist and five radiological technologist were analyzed visually for evaluation of following findings, enhancement of the bile duct wall, dilatation of bile duct tip, liver parenchyma, background suppression. Results : Five dogs was died of a disease after the infection, the rest one else shows the chronic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct with CT and MR imaging. Contrast administration of CT shows the contrast-enhanced of the bile duct walls with live parenchyma. MR imaging calculated of CNR and CR from pulse sequence for comparative evaluation and shows the pattern of the intrahepatic bile duct, dilatation of bile duct tip using MIP technique. CNR of the clonorchiasis, HASTE was $16{\pm}0.83$, TSE $7.06{\pm}3.0$, FLASH $1.19{\pm}0.2$ and CR, HASTE was 73.3%, TSE 62.3%, FLASH 6.4%. Conclusion : CT and MR imaging is very usefulness in diagnosis of dog clonorchiasis.

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