• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.555-562
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• 1999

VLSI 시스템 설계 단게에서 시스템의 고성능 및 고신뢰성을 보장하는 것이 중용한 요건이 되고 있다. 본 논문은 회로의 긴 경로들과 짧은 경로들 상에 존재하는 구성요소들간의 시간지연들이 타이밍 제약조건들을 만족하도록 최적화시킴으로서 고성능 및 고신뢰도를 동시에 실현할 수 있는 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 과거에는 VLSI 시스템의 고성능을 실현하기 위한 긴 경로 최적화와 고신뢰도를 실현하기 위한 짧은 경로 최적화를 각각 독립적으로 수행하는 방법들이 제안되었다. 본 논문은 긴 경로들 및 짧은 경로들 상의 시간지연 요소들을 동시에 최적화함으로써 적절한 수행시간과 적은 메모리 요구량의 오버헤드를 허용하는 범위에서 효과적인 단계들로 수행되는 병합 알고리즘을 제안하고자한다. 그리고 제안된 병합 알고리즘의 효율성을 입증하기 위해 벤치마크 회로들을 이용하여 실험 결과들을 보여줄 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Purpose: Many options are available for the incision and pocket selection in breast augmentation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. To leave an invisible operation scar and to achieve easier pocket dissection by the central location of the incision on the breast, we made a transareolar-perinipple incision. To overcome the disadvantages of the transareolar incision, originally advocated by Pitanguy in 1973, we modified the direction of incision line and dissection plane. Methods: To avoid the injury of 4th intercostal nerve responsible for nipple sensation, we made perinipple incision on the medial side of the nipple instead of trans-nipple incision and made the transareolar incision as 11-5 o'clock on the left side and 1-7 o'clock on the right side instead of 3-9 o'clock on both sides. To avoid the possible infection and breast feeding problem caused by the injury to the lactiferous duct, and the possible implant hernia caused by the incisions lying on a same plane of pocket dissection, we made a subcutaneous dissection just above the breast tissue medially down to the bottom of breast tissue and made a subglandular or subfascial pocket, which may avoid the injury of lactiferous duct and create different planes for skin incision and pocket dissection. Other advantages of the transareolar-perinipple incision include easier pocket dissection, less chance of hematoma, and as a result less postoperative pain because of the central location of the approach which allow finger dissection and meticulous bleeding control with direct vision, without any specialized instrument such as an endoscope or long mammary dissectors. As for pocket selection, we made dual pockets. We prefer subglandular or subfascial pocket. Also, we made a subpectoral pocket in the upper 1/4 of the pocket to add more volume on the upper part of the augmented breast, which can make aesthetically more desirable breasts in thin Asian women with small breasts. Possible disadvantages of our method are subclinical infection and scar widening, which could be overcome by meticulous operation techniques, antibiotic therapy, and intradermal tattooing. Results: From September, 2003 to August, 2005, 12 patients underwent breast augmentation using round smooth surface saline implants by our method. During the mean follow-up period of 13 months, there were no complications such as infection, hematoma, capsular contracture, and sensory change of nipple, and results were satisfactory. Conclusion: We suggest breast augmentation via transareolar-perinipple incision and dual pockets(subpectoral-subglandular or subfascial) as a valuable method in thin oriental women with small breasts.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.564-577
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• 2017

We investigated whether external environmental factors acted as a trigger for flowering in the draft bamboo (Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino) blooming area of Mt. Baekwoon located in Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province. We then considered the cause for flowering, flowering patterns and life history strategies of the draft bamboo based on the investigation. There were no differences in soil, physical conditions, and light amount between the draft bamboo flowering and non-flowering areas. The precipitation and temperature of the areas in Korea and Japan where it blossomed from 2014 to 2017 were similar to the normal year values (for the past 30 years). Moreover, most of the draft bamboo died after flowering on a large scale, but some did not, or some culms were developed again. In other words, the draft bamboo bloomed simultaneously regardless of external environmental factors, and most of the culms were dead, but some were left alive. Therefore, it is considered that the flowering is triggered by the specific genes (referred as to clock genes) expressed periodically by a biological clock rather than the external environmental factors. Meanwhile, the draft bamboos generally bloom on a large scale by synchronizing with other ones in the distance but may also bloom several times separately on a small scale. It may be a kind of an insurance system established to disperse the risk of failed sexual propagation when flowering once in a lifetime. The results reveal that the long-period monocarpy of the draft bamboo has been strengthened to optimize the sexual propagation to overcome the increased environmental instability caused by the expansion of distribution of tropical bamboos and bamboo species to the temperate regions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1979

A study was carried out to examine the effects of sulfur dioxide gas on soybean plants; at two concentrations(0.2mg/l and 0.5mg/l) and in different fumigation periods, The grain yield of soybeans, sulfur and chlorophyll contents in leaves, and ratios of destroyed leaf were investigated, 1) At the concentration of $SO_2$ 0.5mg/l, a) The yield decrease were 52% and 76.4% at 5 minutes and one houre fumigation period respectively, b) The sulfur contents in leaves were positively correlated with fumigation period and yield decrease, however the water soluble sulfur was superior than the total sulfur in correlation coefficient. 2) At the concentration of $SO_2$ 0.2mg/l; a) The most severe destruction of leaves were observed at noon exposure (10:00-11:00 O'clock) and no visible damage was observed at night exposure (22:00-23:00) b) The sulfur contents in leaves and stems were the highest at noon exposure and the lowest at evening exposure (18:00-19:00 O'clock) chlorophyll contents were the highest at night exposure but, the lowest at noon exposure, c) The ratio of destroyed leaf was positively correlated with the sulfur content of leaves, but negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents. d) Absorbance spectra of chlorophyll in the chlorolast were greatly decreased at noon exposure but slightly decreased at night exposure. The decrease of absorbance spectra was mainly at $456m{\mu}$ and $663m{\mu}$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1990

A study was carried out to investigate some biological characteristics of Pseudogonatopus nudas, a nymphal parasitoid of the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) under laboratory conditions (26-$28^{\circ}C$). Developmental periods of eggs, larva, prepupa and pupa were 2.5, 7.8, 2.7, and 14.2 days in average, respectively. Total developmental period from egg to adult emergence was average of 27.2 days. More than 83.5% of the wasps emerged in the morning between 6 and 10 o'clock, while very few emerged in the afternoon. The average longevity of female and male were 11.8 and 3.4 days when honey and WBPH nymphs were supplied as food. female laid an average of 25.3 eggs and the oviposition period was 5.4 days. The parasitoid seemed to prefer the 3rd instar nymphas as the host for oviposition with 68.8%, followed by the 2nd (19.6%), 4th (11.05) and 5th instar (0.6%). And no parasitism was recorded from the 1st instar nymphs and in adults.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.384-386
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• 2003

GPS observation has been performed at Khon Kaen in northeast Thailand to investigate the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) change since August 2001 by using a Trimble 4000SSi receiver. The data obtained in the period from March to June in 2002 were processed by using CAMIT software to obtain the Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) at every one hour referring to some IGS stations around Thailand. We estimated the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) at every three hours with barometer data at Khon Kaen of Thai Meteorological Department, The Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) was obtained by subtracting ZHD from ZTD and PWV can be calculated from ZTD. The results obtained shows that PWV changes with a large amplitude in March and April before the monsoon onset, and also we can see steep PWV increases before rain and decreases after rain. In May and June after the onset, the PWV is almost constant to be 60 to 70 mm, but there is a semi-diurnal change which has high PWV values at about 8 and 20 o'clock in local time.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

In wireless sensor networks Time synchronization used to be performed after routing tree is constructed. It results in increasing the number of packets and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a time synchronization algorithm combined with flooding routing tree construction algorithm, which applies LTS (Lightweight Time Synchronization) information packed into the forwarding and backward routing packets. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm compensates the time error due to clock drift using the round time with fixed period. We prove that the proposed algorithm could synchronize the time of among sensor nodes more accurately compared to TSRA (Time Synchronization Routing Algorithm) using NS2 simulation tool.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2000

Time-selective self-triggering water sampler, AUTTLE developed by Jin et al. (1999) has been improved in order to prevent pre-deposition of suspended sediments (SS) before sampling. By using two solenoids, the improved sampler is able to be moored or deployed with inclination. Its position is changed to horizontal position by activating the first solenoid, and then the endcaps of the sampling bottle are closed by the second solenoid that is driven three times to minimize possible failure of sampling. An external control unit for setting sampling time has been also constructed. Additionally, the electric circuit housing of the sampler has been modified to be detached from the sampling bottle when operating manually. Its performance has been confirmed through flume tests and a field experiment. It will serve as a valuable tool in the various fields of oceanography and environmental engineering, especially where seawater sampling synchronized at several sites and/or the information in storm period is important.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.500-505
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• 2014

Colorectal cancer has become the third most common cancer and leads to high mortality worldwide. Although colorectal cancer has been studied widely, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. PER3 is related to tumor differentiation and the progression of colorectal cancer. High expression of miR-103 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the relationship between miR-103 and PER3 in CRC cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that PER3 was downregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines, whereas miR-103 was upregulated in CRC cell lines. We also found that PER3 promoted CRC cells apoptosis. These results indicate that PER3 plays a suppressive role in CRC cells. Moreover, we found that PER3 was targeted, at least partially, by miR-103. Taken together, we provide evidence to characterize the role of PER3 in CRC, which may be a new therapeutic target for CRC.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

In this paper, we described the timing-offset comparison results between various daily jump compensation methods for GPS carrier phase (CP) measurement data. For the performance comparison, we used about 70 days GPS measurement data obtained from two GPS geodetic receivers which share the reference 1 PPS and RF signals and closely located in each other within a few meters. From the experiment results, the followings were observed. First, daily jumps existed in CP measurements depend on not only the environment but also the receiver which will make a full compensation be very hard or impossible. Second, clock bias can be occurred in the case of using a simple compensation with accumulation of daily jumps but it could be used in a short-period frequency comparison campaign (less than about 7 days) despite of its drawback.