• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-284
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• 1994

Sex determination in genomic DNA from human blood leucocytes was performed by amplification of human Y chromosome-specific DNA sequences using PCR technique. A clear DNA fragment(154 nucleotides long) was appeared only in the male genomic DNA, but no specific band was observed in the case of female genomic DNA and negative control. To know the sensitivity of this method, the amplification reaction was performed in genomic DNA diluted to 2pg equivalent to the amonut present in the single human cell, and clear band also observed. The PCR amplification was so succesfully performed in the single leucocyte separated from human blood using micromanipulator that this techniqe is assumed to be applied to single blstomere before embryo transfer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.503-507
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• 2001

trans-Metanicotine, a subtype (${\alpha}_4{\beta}_2$)-selective ligand for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is under clinical phase for Alzheimer's disease. An efficient synthetic route for ($\pm$)-methyl-(1-aryl-4-pyridin-3-yl-but-3-enyl)-am ices, derivatives of tracts-metanicotine, was explored. Allylation reaction of aryl aldimines with allylmagnesium bromide in THF gave ($\pm$)-methyl-(1-aryl-but-3-enyl)-amines. Protection of the amines with the Boc group and following Heck reaction of the N-Boc amines with 3-bromopyridine gave ($\pm$)-methyl-(1-aryl-4-pyridin-3-yl-but-3-enyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl esters. Deprotection of the N-Boc group in aqueous 1 N-HCI solution gave the titled amines in good yields. Thus, trans-metanicotine analogues modified at the ${\alpha}-position$ of the methylamino group with amyl groups were obtained in 5 steps.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2000

A convenient pathway for synthesis of trans-metanicotine analogues was developed. trans-Metanicotine, a subtype(${\alpha}4{\beta}2$)-selective ligand for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is under clinical phase for Alzheimer's disease. Zn-mediated allylation of allyl bromide and acetaldehyde followed by Heck reaction with 3-bromopyridine gave 5-pyridin-3-yl-pent-4-en-3-ol (2). Tosylation of 5-pyridin-3-yl-pent-4-en-3-ol followed by substitution reaction with methylamine in sealed tube gave methyl-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-3-yl-but-3-enyl)-amine (4) in good yields. Thus, trans-metanicotine analogues modified at the $\alpha$-position of the methylamino group with various functional groups can be obtained in 4 steps.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2020

Radiation recall is an uncommon phenomenon in which administration of a chemotherapy or another systemic agent induces an acute inflammatory reaction in previously irradiated tissues, often weeks to years after completion of radiotherapy. Gemcitabine can induce an inflammatory reaction within an area of prior radiation. Radiation recall is known to medical oncologists, however only few cases have been reported in Korean journals, therefore physiatrist who diagnose and treat the treatment-related physical impairments of cancer patients must know about it. We emphasize the importance of knowledge of this phenomenon when considering the differential diagnosis of painful limb edema in a patient who has received cancer treatment.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

Depression has been causing huge direct and indirect losses to people's health because of its high prevalence, various clinical patterns, drug reaction and diverse courses different among individuals, but its treatment has not been systematic but dependent on individual clinicians' experience and knowledge. To correct this problem, it has been highly necessary to develop clinical guidelines defined as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioners' and patients' decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances." Currently, countries throughout the world are making efforts to establish evidence-based guidelines among different levels of guidelines and to evaluate and test them. Although such efforts have been unsatisfactory in Korea because of several constraints including lack of high-quality RCT, the Korean Depression Clinical Practice Guideline has started to develop evidence-based guidelines, which are established through strictly designed processes. Thus, the present study purposed to review methods adopted in the development processes and to present the processes of developing the evidence-based guidelines clearly and transparently.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

Inflammatory or immune-mediated demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) syndromes include a broad spectrum of clinical phenotype and different overlapping diseases. Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab) have been found in some cases of these demyelinating diseases, particularly in children. MOG-Ab is associated with a wider clinical phenotype not limited to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, with most patients presenting with optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like encephalitis with brain demyelinating lesions, and/or myelitis. Using specific cell-based assays, MOG-Ab is becoming a potential biomarker of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS. A humoral immune reaction against MOG was recently found in monophasic diseases and recurrent/multiphasic clinical progression, particularly in pediatric patients. This review summarizes the data regarding MOG-Ab as an impending biological marker for discriminating between these diverse demyelinating CNS diseases and discusses recent developments, clinical applications, and findings regarding the immunopathogenesis of MOG-Ab-associated disorders.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 1998

It has been reported that the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase and the $Ca^{2+}-Na^+$ exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in somatic cells, the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in maintain low $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess $Ca^{2+}$ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3637-3641
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• 2016

To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) among women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) referred to colposcopy and the implications for clinical management in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the present study was conducted. We included 200 women living in $Maring{\acute{a}}$/Brazil referred to colposcopy service between August 2012 and March 2013 due to an abnormal cytology from ASC-US until high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). HPV was detected and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mean age was $36.8{\pm}10.5$ years, and women with and without ASC-US had similar mean ages ($37.4{\pm}11.5$ and $36.4{\pm}9.96$ years, respectively). The highest prevalence of ASC-US occurred at 20-24 years (40%). HPV-DNA was positive in 164 (82.0%) women.Of the 57 women with ASC-US, 30 (52.6%) were HPV-DNA-positive and 21 (70%) were high-risk HPV-positive (HR-HPV); the latter was similar to women without ASC-US (76.9%) but with other abnormal cytological findings present. Our data demonstrated that performing tests for HR-HPV can be used for management of women with ASC-US to support the decision of which women should be referred for an immediate or later colposcopy. The same conclusions can be applied to other LMICs for which HPV testing for primary screening has not been adopted.

• 한국임상약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2007

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.86-109
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• 1995

Clinical trials of drugs on humans is the final and most important stage in evaluating the safety and efficacy of the drugs. Good Clinical Practice(GCP) standards were announced in 1987 to protect testees' rights as well as to ensure validity of the clinical trial results, but its implementation has been delayed until now. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preparedness of the designated institutions to abide by GCP standards during clinical trials, and thereby to determine GCP implementability at the institutions. Survey on the status of clinical trials was conducted for the designated 83 clinical trial hospitals. Response rate was 95.2%. Donabedian's quality assessment model was applied as the basic framework for the study. And the relative - weights for the evaluation items were determined by expert's evaluation. Among the designated 83 hospitals, 39 conducted clinical trials to obtain drug manufacturing approval from 1990 to 1994. Only 19 institutions are found to be able to meet the requirements of KGCP. Structure variables - manpower, organization, and facility -, which are the basic elements for GCP, are evaluated as unsatisfied in many hospitals. Institutions which established IRB accounted for 41 or 51.9%, but those who have a protocol evaluation guideline, or Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) reporting system were only 12 and 21 institutions, respectively. Also, the institutions providing educational programs on conducting clinical trials are few - 20. The study results indicates that the level of conducting KGCP is unsatisfactory. However, more institutions are expected to be able to meet the standards soon because GCP standards does not require so much regulation on facilities, but stress importance on research methodology and human right. At present as the institutions for clinical trials are primarily training hospitals with residency programs, such efforts as education will accelerate the implementability of GCP in Korea. Institutions must build the appropriate infrastructure and government must prepare to strongly enforce KGCP before it can successfully take place.