• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

This studs was carried out to evaluate KBrO$_3$-induced acute toxicity by clinical pathological parameters in rats. Fourty rats were divided into 4 groups including normal group and three KBrO$_3$-treated groups with doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. Creatinine and BUN were increased remarkably by KBrO$_3$ at 400 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.01). Phosphorus content increased two times the control at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). Osmolarity was increased, whereas $CO_2$ content showed decrease at 400 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.01, p<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed dose-dependent renal failure. On the other hand, AST was increased three times the control at 400 mg/kg (p<0.01). WBC was increased by KBrO$_3$ depending on the dosage. Platelet was decreased at 200 mg/kg, whereas it was increased at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). The results above suggest that clinical pathological parameters could be used as indices for the evaluation of KBrO$_3$-induced acute toxic reponse occuring in not only kidney but other organs including liver, when the dosage is as high as 400 mg/kg.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

There is a number of clinical conditions that affect directly or indirectly the physical properties of the vocal folds and thereby the pressure waveforms of elicited sounds. If the relationships between the clinical conditions and the voice quality are sufficiently reliable, it should be possible to detect these diseases or disorders. The focus of this paper is to determine the set of features and their values that would characterize the speaker's state of vocal folds. To the extent that these features can capture the anatomical, physiological, and neurological aspects of the speaker they can be potentially used to mediate an unobtrusive approach to diagnosis. We will show a new approach to this problem supported with results obtained from two disordered voice corpora.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2013

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the correlations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their subtypes M1 and M2 with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, and provide useful references for seeking predictors of liver metastasis and studying mechanisms. Methods: 120 patients with colorectal cancer from 2000 to 2009 were divided into low, middle and high liver metastasis groups (group A, B and C, respectively). S-P immunohistochemical staining and microscopic observation were conducted to compare expression in CD68-positive cells (TAMs), CD80-positive cells (M1) and CD163-positive cells (M2) in three groups. Correlations of TAMs, M1, M2, and M2/M1 ratio with clinical and pathological parameters were analyzed. Results: With increase of liver metastatic ability, the number of TAMs decreased gradually, with no significant difference between any two of the three groups (P > 0.05), while the numbers of M1 and M2 were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, with significant difference between any two of three groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the M2/M1 ratio increased with increase of liver metastatic ability (P < 0.01). There was no statistical significance of correlation of TAMs with each clinical and pathological parameter. M1 was negatively related with lymphatic metastasis and liver metastatic ability. M2 was positively correlated with preoperative CEA level, lymphatic metastasis, tumor differentiation degree and liver metastatic ability. The same was the case for the M2/M1 ratio. Conclusions: Effects of TAMs on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer do not depend on the total number of TAMs, but on the number and proportion of functional subtypes M1 and M2. M2 number and M2/M1 ratio are more accurate predictors for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

The purpose of this article is to present the acoustic parameters (VOT, jitter, shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, SPI, VTI, DVB, DSH) for consonants (/pipi/, /$p^{h}ip^{h}i$/, /p'ip'i/) and sustained vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/) produced by normal subjects and dysphonia patients at two vocal effort(normal, high) by Lombard effect using 60dB white noise. Lombard effect indicates the vocal effort increase in noisy situation. At normal vocal effort, in general the acoustic parameter values of patients are greater than normal. And in noisy situation, significant decrease of acoustic values is seen in normal compared with in dysphonia patients. The clinical implication of this finding, the vocal quality in dysphonia is not compensated by vocal effort as well as normal subjects because of the inefficiency caused by abnormal vocal fold appearance and function. And with this result, we can counsel that the voice quality can not be improved as well as the patient expect.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 1999

Although somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEPs) have been utilized as the useful diagnostic tools in evaluating the wide variety of pathological conditions, such as focal lesions affecting the somatosensory pathways, demyelinating diseases, and detecting the clinically occult abnormality, their neural generators is still considerably uncertain. To appreciate the basis for uncertainties about the origins of SSEPs, consider criteria that must be met to establish a causal relationship between activity in a neural structure and a spine/ scalp-recorded potential. Electrode locations and channel derivations for SSEPs recordings are based on two principles:(1) the waveforms are best recorded from electrode sites on the body surface closest to the presumed generator sources along the somatosensory pathways, and(2) studies of the potential-field distribution of each waveform of interest dictate the best techniques to be used. In this article, authors will describe followings focused on ;(1) the concepts of near field potentials(NFPs) and far field potentials(FFPs) - the voltage of NFPs is highly dependent upon recording electrode position, FFPs are unlike NFPs in that they are widely distributed, their latencies and amplitudes are independent of recording electrode.(2) appropriate montage settings to detect the significant potentials in the median nerve and posterior tibial nerve SSEPs(3) neural generators of various potentials(P9, N13, P14, N18, N20, P37) and their clinical significance in interpretating the results of SSEPs. Especially, Characteristics of N18(longduration, small superimposed inflection) suggested that N18 is a complex wave with multiple generators including brainstem structures and thalamic nuclei. And N18 might be used as the parameter of braindeath. Precise understanding on these facts provide an adequate basis utilizing SSEPs for numerous clinical purposes.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2017

Background: Automated nerve excitability testing is used to assess various peripheral neuropathies and motor neuron diseases. Comparing these excitability parameters with normal data provides information regarding the axonal excitability properties and ion biophysics in diseased axons. This study measured and compared normal values of axonal excitability parameters in both the distal motor and sensory axons of normal Koreans. Methods: The axonal excitability properties of 50 distal median motor axons and 30 distal median sensory axons were measured. An automated nerve excitability test was performed using the QTRACW threshold-tracking software (Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK) with the TRONDF multiple excitability recording protocol. Each parameter of stimulus-response curves, threshold electrotonus, current-voltage relationship, and recovery cycle was measured and calculated. Results: Our Korean normal data on axonal excitability showed ranges of values and characteristics similar to previous reports from other countries. We also reaffirmed that there exist characteristic differences in excitability properties between motor and sensory axons: compared to motor axons, sensory axons showed an increased strength-duration time constant, more prominent changes in threshold to hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus (TE) and less prominent changes in threshold to depolarizing TE, and more prominent refractoriness and less prominent subexcitability and superexcitability. Conclusions: We report normal data on axonal excitability in Koreans. These data can be used to compare various pathological conditions in peripheral nerve axons such as peripheral neuropathies and motor neuron disease.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.374-376
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• 2021

임상에서 암 관련 질병의 확진을 위해 영상장비를 이용한 기초 진단 이후 추가적인 방법으로 생체검사 등을 이용한 병리적 검사가 필수적이다. 이러한 생체검사를 진행하기 위해서는 전문지식을 가진 종양학자, 임상병리사 등의 도움과 최소한의 소요시간은 확진을 위해 반드시 필요하다. 최근 들어, 인공지능을 활용한 암세포의 자동분류가 가능한 시스템 구축에 관련된 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 이전 연구들은 한정된 알고리즘을 기반으로 하여 세포의 종류와 정확도에 한계를 보인다. 본 연구에서 심층 학습의 일종인 합성곱 신경망을 통해 총 4가지의 암세포를 식별하는 방법을 제안한다. 세포 배양을 통해 얻은 광학영상을 OpenCV를 사용하여 세포의 위치 식별 및 이미지 분할과 같은 전처리 수행 후, EfficientNet을 통해 학습하였다. 모델은 EfficientNet을 기준으로 다양한 hyper parameter를 사용하고, InceptionV3을 학습하여 성능을 비교분석 하였다. 그 결과 96.8%의 높은 정확도로 세포를 분류하는 결과를 보였으며, 이러한 분석방법은 암의 확진에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2000

Growth factors and the receptors play an important role in the regulation of the growth and development of mammalian cells. In particular, epidermal growth factor is a polypeptide with potent mitogenic activity that stimulates proliferation of various normal and neoplastic cells through the interaction with its specific receptor(EGFR). EGFR has been described as a parameter of poor prognosis in many human neoplasms such as breast, bladder, and vulvar cancers. The objectives of this study are the evaluation of the expression of EGFR and cell cycle analysis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(SCC), and the evaluation of the correlation between clinico-patholgic features and expression of EGFR and S-phase fraction. 37 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma specimens were evaluated for expression of EGFR by Western blot analysis and S-phase fraction by cell cycle analysis using the flow cytometry. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The expressions of EGFR were observed in 20 specimens(54%) among 37 head and neck SCC specimens. In case of oral SCC, 15 specimens(56%) out of 27 specimens were observed, and in case of nasopharyngeal SCC 5 specimens(50%) out of 10 specimens. 2. There was no correlation between clinical features(location, stage) of head and neck SCC and expression of EGFR (p>0.05). 3. There was a significant correlation between histo-pathological differentiation of head and neck SCC and expression of EGFR (p<0.02). 4. There was a significant correlation between expression of EGFR and S-phase fraction of cell cycle in the head and neck SCC (p<0.05). The above results suggest that expression of EGFR and S-phase fraction of cell cycle are adjunctive prognostic marker in the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3431-3436
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• 2016

Background: Carcinogenesis is a multifaceted intricate cellular mechanism of transformation of the normal functions of a cell into neoplastic alterations. Metastasis may result in failure of conventional treatment and death Hence, research on metastatic suppressors in cancer is a high priority. The metastatic suppressor gene CD82, also known as KAI1, is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily which was first identified in carcinoma of prostate. Little work has been done on this gene in breast cancer. Herein, we aimed to determine the gene and protein level expression of CD82/KAI1 in breast cancer and its role as a prognosticator. Materials and Methods: In this study, 83 histologically proven cases of breast cancer and a similar number of controls were included. Patient age ranged from 18-70 years. Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate KAI1 expression at gene and protein levels, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to correlate expression of KAI1 and clinicopathological parameters. Results: It was revealed that: (i) KAI1 was remarkably diminished in metastatic vs non metastatic breast cancer both at the gene and the protein levels (P < .05); (ii) KAI1 expression levels were strongly correlated with TNM staging, histological grade and advanced stage (p<0.001) and no association was found with any other studied parameter; (iii) Lastly, a significant correlation was observed between expression of KAI1 and overall median survival of BC patients (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lack of expression of the KAI1 might indicate a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Loss of KAI1 may be considered a significant prognostic marker in predicting metastatic manifestation. When evaluated along with the clinical and pathological factors, KAI1 expression may be beneficial to tailor aggressive therapeutic strategies for such patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2003

연구배경 : 기관지천식에서 기도 재구성과 관련되는 병리학적 소견은 다양하다. 본 연구의 목적은 기관지천식 환자의 기도내 혈관분포정도 및 다른 기도 재구성 소견과의 관련성을 일아보는데 있다. 방 법 : 기관지천식환자(n=34)와 대조군(n=6)을 대상으로 기관지점막조직생검을 시행하였다. HE 염색으로 기저막 및 기저막하부의 두께를, type IV collagen 면역염색을 하여 혈관분포정도(점막하 단위면적당 혈관의 수와 혈관면적)를 image analyzer를 이용 하여 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 기관지천식환자에서 대조군에 비해 기저막 두께 ($6.92{\pm}2.01{\mu}m$ vs $9.67{\pm}2.84{\mu}m$, p<0.05) 및 기저막하부의 두께 ($44.49{\pm}31.92{\mu}m$ vs $121.22{\pm}72.79{\mu}m$, p<0.05) 가 유의하게 높았다. 2) 기관지천식환자에서 대조군에 비해 점막하 단위면적당 혈관면적은 유의하게 높았으며 ($4.51{\pm}2.13%$ vs $10.32{\pm}6.08%$, p<0.05) 점막하 단위면적당 혈관수는 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 3) 기관지천식환자에서 점막하 단위면적당 혈관면적 및 혈관수는 기저막 두께, 기저막하부의 두께, 기관지천식의 중증도, $FEV_1$, $PC_{20}$ 등과 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 혈관분포정도가 기관지천식환자의 기도 재구성에 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었으나 다른 기도 재구성의 요소들과는 직접적인 관련성은 없었다. 따라서 각각의 기도 재구성의 요소들은 서로 다른 임상적인 의의를 가칠 것으로 사료되며 이러한 요소들에 대한 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.