• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

Objectives : We investigated the long-term tolerability of escitalopram in Korean adolescents. Methods : The subjects were 37 adolescents, who had been diagnosed with depressive disorder in accordance to DSM-IV. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale at the final follow-up visit. Tolerability was assessed through a medical record of the reason for discontinuation of escitalopram and documented adverse events. Results : The mean duration of treatment was $78.1{\pm}89.5$ days, and the mean dosage was $10.0{\pm}4.4$mg/day. Out of the total 37 patients, two (5%) patients sustained use of escitalopram. Twelve patients (32.4%) discontinued use of escitalopram due to target symptom remission, and 23 patients (61.9%) due to insufficient efficacy. Six patients (16.2%) had at least one documented adverse event. However, no suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior was reported. Significant differences in clinical symptom improvement efficacy were seen between the patients who were receiving escitalopram for less than 8 weeks (4.3%, 1/13) and those for more than 8 weeks (92.9%, 13/14). There was no significant difference between the tolerability of monotherapy compared to the concomitant use group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that long-term use of escitalopram may result in superior efficacy than shortterm use, and is tolerable in Korean adolescents with depression.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 음악치료사의 컴퓨터를 기반으로 음악테크놀로지 활용 현황과 인식을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 조사를 위해 전문 자격증을 소지한 음악치료사 367명에게 온 오프라인으로 설문지를 배부하였으며 이 중 101부가 회수되었고 미완성되거나 대상자 기준에 맞지 않는 50부를 제외한 61부를 최종 분석 하였다. 설문 문항은 컴퓨터를 기반으로 한 음악테크놀로지 활용에 관한 현황, 인식, 치료사의 의견으로 구성되었다. 음악치료에서 음악테크놀로지의 활용현황에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 응답자 중 65.6%(40명)가 세션 내 음악테크놀로지를 활용한 경험이 있으며, 활용비율이 높은 음악테크놀로지의 종류는 피날레, 가라지밴드, 큐베이스 순으로 조사 되었다. 음악테크놀로지의 적용 현황을 살펴보면 음악 혹은 정서영역에서 청소년을 대상으로 주로 사용하며, 음악 자원으로 적용하는 형태가 가장 많이 나타났다. 대부분의 음악치료사들이 음악 긍정적으로 인식하고 있으며, 기술 습득에 대한 필요성이 확인 되었다. 이 외에도 음악테크놀로지 활용에 관한 다양한 의견이 취합되었다. 이러한 결과는 음악치료 임상현장에서 음악테크놀로지를 활용하는 현황과 이에 대한 인식에 관한 정보를 제공하고, 보다 효과적인 음악테크놀로지 활용에 대한 시사점을 제시하는 데 그 의의를 갖는다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

Purpose : We investigated the effects of the combined use of FES and over ground walking with partial body-weight support (PBWS) on walking function and balance control in people with chronic strokes. Methods : Twenty-seven people who were ambulatory after chronic strokes were evaluated. The exercise's intervention consisted of the combined use of FES and over ground walking with PBWS and general exercise groups. The FES + PBWS group and general exercise group consisted on a-20-minute session per day, 3 times a week during a 4 week period. The evaluation was carried out before, after, and two weeks after the exercise intervention. Outcome measures were a 6 Minute Walk Test, 6-Meter walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, and a Balance Test, measured before and after the exercise interventions at a-2 week follow up. Results : The endurance was significantly increased in both the FES+PBWS group and general exercise group (p<0.05). Significant increase on the gait velocity was observed in both the FES+PBWS group and general exercise group (p<0.05). The TUG was significantly different in both the FES + PBWS group and general exercise group (p<0.05). However there were no differences in both the between-group & interaction. The stability index was significantly different in both the FES + PBWS group and general exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, the combined use of FES and over ground walking with PBWS led to an improvement in walking function and balance control. Thus, it is possible to combine the use of FES and over ground walking with PBWS for physical therapy intervention to improve walking function and balance control. It is suggested to apply this intervention in the clinical field.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2021

Background and Objective: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increases the risk of negative health outcomes, including drug-related admissions. Tools for structured medication review have been developed to ensure optimal medication use and safety. Here, we aimed to evaluate medication use review (MUR) tools for community-dwelling older patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1991 to 2020, excluding tools that are specifically applied to hospitalized patients or nursing home residents. We identified the most common inappropriate medications, drug-disease interactions, drug-drug interactions and prescribing omissions presented among tools. Results: From among 9,788 identified reports screened, 60 met our inclusion criteria; finally, 27 were eligible for data analysis considering originality and up-to-dateness. Most tools presented explicit criteria (93%), and only one was specific to community-dwelling elderly. The most common PIM was tricyclic antidepressants. Use of diltiazem and verapamil in patients with heart failure and the combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics and warfarin were the most frequent disease-specific PIM and drug-interaction, respectively. Conclusions: Although several medication review tools have been developed for older adults, specific guidelines for community-dwelling populations remain limited. Furthermore, the list of PIMs differed among available tools. In future, specific but integrating MUR tools need to be developed for clinical practice considering this population.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 프로폴리스 추출물이 함유된 립밤 제품과 LED 기기를 적용한 입술 임상 연구를 하여 임상정보과 양적자료로 도움이되고자 한다. 본 연구의 참여자는 서울·경기 소재 만 19~50세 여성을 대상으로 시험제품 선정 후 입술의 LED 기기와 립 크림의 입술 탄력, 입술 보습, 입술 각질 개선 및 12시간 입술 보습 지속 효과를 알아보기 위하여 제품 사용 전, 사용 직후, 사용 6시간 후, 사용 12시간 후 사용 2주 후에 사용 시험항목을 측정 후 제품의 안전성, 유효성, 기호도 설문조사를 분석하고자 한다. 일련의 연구절차를 통하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1회 또는 2주 사용으로 입술 탄력, 입술 보습, 입술 각질 개선 및 12시간 입술 보습 지속력에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

Antibiotics are frequently administered during pregnancy. Although necessary to address acute infections, their use facilitates antibiotic resistance. Other associations have also been found with the use of antibiotics, such as perturbations of gut bacteria, delays in microbial maturation, and increased risks of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about how the prenatal and perinatal administration of antibiotics to mothers affects the clinical outcomes of their offspring. A literature search was conducted of the Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed engines. The retrieved articles were reviewed by two authors and verified for relevance. The primary outcome was the effect of pre- and perinatal maternal antibiotic use on clinical outcomes. Thirty-one relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis. Various aspects are discussed, including infections, allergies, obesity, and psychosocial factors. In animal studies, antibiotic intake during pregnancy has been suggested to cause long-term alterations in immune regulation. In humans, associations have been found between antibiotic intake during pregnancy and different types of infections and an increased risk of pediatric infection-related hospitalization. A dose-dependent positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use and asthma severity has been reported in animal and human studies, while positive associations with atopic dermatitis and eczema were reported by human studies. Multiple associations were identified between antibiotic intake and psychological problems in animal studies; however, relevant data from human studies are limited. However, one study reported a positive association with autism spectrum disorders. Multiple animal and human studies reported a positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use by mothers and diseases in their offspring. Our findings have potentially significant clinical relevance, particularly considering the implications for health during infancy and later in life as well as the related economic burden.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2019

Objectives: In this preliminary study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of patients who were first diagnosed with psychotic disorder and explored the impact of the adherence to antipsychotics on long-term medical use. Methods: All national health insurance claims related to psychotic disorders including gender, age, income, and drug compliance, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2015, were examined. With trend test using Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), we compared the medical use between the compliant group (MRP≥0.8) and the comparative non-compliant group (0.2≤MPR<0.8). Results: Among 28,095 participants in total, 16,239 patients (57.8%) were diagnosed as schizophrenia; the 30s were the most common (n=7,151, 25.5%). Drug compliance was generally low regardless of the diagnosis and was the lowest among 20s with the 40-60% range of income. The compliant group showed lower psychiatric and medical use than the comparative group in the following years (p<0.0001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients in the 20s and 30s with the 40-60% range of income, who are diagnosed with schizophrenia at the first psychiatric visit, may need more clinical and political attention. The results also emphasize the importance of initial drug adherence to antipsychotics in reducing long-term psychiatric costs.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.56-70
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• 2001

The use of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures described in the early 1980s caused an conservative way to preserve tooth structure in the restorative dental community. The treatment of patients with requires long term analysis of clinical application and basic research. Failure rates of these prosthesis ranged from 3% to 55%. These varieties were orginated by different techniques, materials, tooth preparation methods and diverse clinical situations. This article review was focused on the standard long term results and in vitro studies on bond strength between metal and teeth. From this, many useful clinical guidelines to RBFPD could be adopted to clinical dentistry. For successful results, careful case selection and good clinical skills are needed. And appropriate techniques for each situations should be adopted. Also, RBFPD using new materials like all-ceramics, FRC/Ceromer was introduced.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2007

Clinical therapist use neurological examination to acquire the necessary information from the patients who is neurological damaged. It is necessary to have enough neurological knowledge and clinical experience to collect useful data. Neurological disease of symptom is well correspond with anatomical location and function, therefore neurological examination is one of the powerful tool to diagnosis. These tools will be a great help to clinical therapist to evaluate the patients and helps to select most pertinent treatment approach to patients. Neurological examination can classified and evaluate with Mental Status Examination, Cranial Nerves Examination, Motor and Sensory System Examination, Reflexes, Gait and Station Evaluation, Special Maneuver. Generally, various neurological examination tools are used by therapist in clinical field. Understanding of method of Neurological examination tools and understanding of result of examination from patients's response is very important. Therefore, this research will help to understand clinical meaning by neurological examination.