• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.188-200
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• 2014

The IPCC 5th Assessment Report (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis) was accepted at the 36th Session of the IPCC on 26 September 2013 in Stockholm, Sweden. It consists of the full scientific and technical assessment undertaken by Working Group I. This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current, and project future of climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and the recent Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. The assessment covers the current knowledge of various processes within, and interactions among, climate system components, which determine the sensitivity and response of the system to changes in forcing, and they quantify the link between the changes in atmospheric constituents, and hence radiative forcing, and the consequent detection and attribution of climate change. Projections of changes in all climate system components are based on model simulations forced by a new set of scenarios. The report also provides a comprehensive assessment of past and future sea level change in a dedicated chapter. The primary purpose of this Technical Summary is to provide the link between the complete assessment of the multiple lines of independent evidence presented in the main report and the highly condensed summary prepared as Policy makers Summary. The Technical Summary thus serves as a starting point for those readers who seek the full information on more specific topics covered by this assessment. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. Total radiative forcing is positive, and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of $CO_2$ since 1750. Human influence on the climate system is clear. This is evident from the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing, observed warming, and understanding of the climate system. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system. Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. The in-depth review for past, present and future of climate change is carried out on the basis of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

In this paper, the rainfall elasticity of streamflow was estimated to quantify the effects of climate change on 5 river basins. Rainfall elasticity denotes the sensitivity of annual streamflow for the variations of potential annual rainfall. This is a simple, useful method that evaluates how the balance of a water cycle on river basins changes due to long-term climate change and offers information to manage water resources and environment systems. The elasticity method was first used by Schaake in 1990 and is commonly used in the United States and Australia. A semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP, semi-distributed land use-based runoff processes) was used to simulate the variations of area streamflow, and potential evapotranspiration. A nonparametric method was then used to estimate the rainfall elasticity on five river basins of Korea. In addition, the A2 (SRES IPCC AR4, Special Report on Emission Scenarios IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) climate change scenario and stochastic downscaling technique were used to create a high-resolution weather change scenario in river basins, and the effects of climate change on the rainfall elasticity of each basin were then analyzed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

As climate change is increasingly recognised as an important global problem, a wide variety of policies and measures are emerging at global and local level to deal with the challenges from the anthropogenic global warming. While national and inter-national efforts characterized by limiting GHG emissions shows very little progress because of their expanse spatial scale and complicated political situations, local efforts have the potentials to ensure effective implementation, monitoring and continual improvement. In the context of local-scale climate policy, the city of Portland is known as one of the best leading cities for its progress of implementing climate change strategies. This paper will briefly discuss the city's efforts to solve the climate change problem and its achievements. The latest climate action plan is selected for the analysis on the followings; the framework of the action plan, the types of implementation methods, and the coordinating agencies. The progress status of each action plans is also reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the climate action plans and their implications from the intensive analysis on the city of Portland's case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

Rice is a main crop and rice field is the most important farmland in Korea. This study was conducted to propose the methodology assessing impact and vulnerability on rice production by climate change at the regional and national level in Korea. We evaluated a vulnerability of rice paddy according to the outbreak of a main disease and pest of a rice plant. As results, Jeju-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollanam-do were more vulnerable area than others. In contrast, the southern central region including Gyeonggi-do was less vulnerable than others. The vulnerable index was significantly higher in 2050s (0.5589) than in present (0.3500). This result showed that the vulnerable to the disease and pest enlarge in the future. The adaptive capacity highly contributed to the vulnerability assessment index. The daily maximum temperature of June and the daily average temperature from May to August also contributed the climate exposure index. The area of occurring sheath blight, rice leaf blast and striped rice borer was related to the system sensitivity index. The ability of water supply (readjustment area of arable land per paddy field area) and rice production technique (rice yield per hectare) were the highly contributed variables to the adaption capacity index.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.87-99
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• 2013

For analysis of climate change effects on agriculture, precise agricultural meteorological data are needed to target period and site. In this study, agricultural meteorological data under new climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) are constructed from 2011 to 2099 in 111 agriculture major station suggested by Rural Development Administration (RDA). For verifying constructed data, comparison with field survey data in Suwon shows same trend in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, and precipitation in 2011. Also comparison with normals of daily data in 2025, 2055, and 2085 shows reliability of constructed data. In analysis of constructed data, we can calculate sum of days over temperature and under temperature. Results effectively show the change of average temperature in each region and odd days of precipitation which means flood and dry days in target region.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process and the effect of pre-service teacher's scaffolding in environmental camp program about global climate change. For this study, developed the environmental camp program based pre-service teacher's scaffolding and applied to 78 $5^{th}$ students. We analyzed the role of pre-service teacher in the process of scaffolding. In the result, the pre-service teachers conducted cognitive scaffolding like as "Focus", "Hint", "Tell or Summarize" and "Technical Help". They carried out the emotional scaffolding like as "Create Cheerful Atmosphere", "Encourage", and "Help in Living". Teaching and learning about global climate change, the theme of the camp, was regarded uncertain and complex. So, pre-service teacher's scaffolding was effective to promote environmental literacy about climate change of primary students (<0.05). The student teachers understanded the characteristics of the children through emotionally close relationships. The primary students were learned easier about global climate change through cognitive and emotional scaffolding. They experienced environmental practice with communal living in camp.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2013

Climate change is considered to be one of the most serious threats and its impact is felt by the most vulnerable world's poorest countries including Bangladesh. In particular, ethnic communities, whose livelihoods depend on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. A case study was conducted in a fragile ecosystem of Lawachara national park of Bangladesh, to know the indigenous knowledge of the ethnic communities, how they adapt with the climate change impact by using indigenous knowledge. They use various IK to protect their crops from climate change impact. Thus, government should design policies which will be helpful to make them more resilience to face climate change impact.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.32-35
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• 2013

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Owing to increase of meteorological disasters by climate change, it needs to study of climate change which will be able to deal with adaption for basic local authorities. A case study area of Yesan have been impacted by land-use which alter natural environment demage. It has led to micro-climate change impacts in rural area, Yesan. In order to adapt to the effects, this paper estimated temperature change in productivity of fruits and conducted decline of nonpoint pollutant loadings. As the results of temperature change of effecting on growth of apple, since a rise in temperature have not increased high, therefore the apple productivity could not be influence until 2030s. While the apple productivity could be declined 14.8% in 2060s. In addition, it supposes that the productivity would be decreased 44.5% in 2090s. Furthermore, it showed that the apple maturity has become worse, because length of high temperature has dramatic increased 54.2% in 2030s, 103.2% in 2060s and 154.0% in 2060s beside 2000, respectively, compared with 2000. As results of analysing between the future rainfall characteristics and nonpoint pollutant loadings, the subject of reduction of nonpoint pollutant was efficiency when it implemented around Oga-myeon or Deoksan-myeon Dun-ri. This study classified the region more detail each Eup and Myeon after that it analysed the rural region impacts of climate change for basic local authorities. Hence, this study is able to predict adaptation of rural region impacts of climate change. Due to increase of green house gases emission, meteorological disasters could often occur in the future. Therefore, it needs follow-up studies that assess climate change of effecting on rural region.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2013

Local governments are establishing their own greenhouse gas reduction goal and are playing a important role to respond to climatic changes. However, there are difficulties in quantitative analyses such as estimation of future greenhouse gas emission and computation of reduction potential, which are procedures required to establish mid to long term strategies to realize of low carbon society by each local governments. Also, reduction measures must reflect characteristics of each local government, since the reduction power of each local government can differ according to characteristics of each. In order to establish strategies that reflect characteristics of local governments, types of greenhouse gas emission from cities were classified largely into residential city, commercial city, residential commercial city, agriculture and fishery city, convergence city, and industrial city. As a result of analyzing basic unit of greenhouse gas emission by local government during 2007 in terms of per population, household and GRDP based on the type classification, significant results were deduced for each type. To manage the amount of the national greenhouse gas, reduction measures should be focused on the local governments that emits more than the average of each type's GHG emission.