• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare morbidities and duration of surgery, as well as bone formation in alveolar defects reconstructed with symphysis bone combined with allograft and iliac crest bone graft in patients with cleft palate. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed with 22 patients with unilateral alveolar cleft with a follow-up period of 12 months. In 12 patients, alveolar defects were reconstructed with chin bone graft plus allograft (Group A), while for the other 10 patients, iliac bone crest was used as donor site (Group B). Duration of surgery as well as occurrence of morbidities and complications were recorded. In addition, cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were performed before surgery and 12 months after surgical procedures in order to compare bone formation between the two groups. Results: Postoperative CBCT demonstrated a mean bone fill percentage of 76.9% of the alveolar defect in Group A, compared with 77.0% in Group B. Paresthesia in the lower lip or chin did not occur in any patients of Group A. The mean duration of the surgical process was significantly shorter for Group A (40 minutes vs 76 minutes, P<0.001). In addition, patients in Group A regained normal gait faster than patients in Group B (1 day vs 9.5 days). Conclusion: Mandibular symphysis bone graft in combination with allograft results in favorable outcomes in patients with unilateral alveolar clefts.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.266-272
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• 2023

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of perioral vascular complications resulting from filler injections, such as necrosis of the lip or alar rim, occlusion, and in severe cases, blindness. Conversely, the use of perioral arterial flaps is becoming more prevalent in the treatment of cleft lips, cancer, and trauma. A thorough understanding of perioral arteries is essential to minimize complications and maximize the success of these flaps. However, the course of the facial artery (FA) in the perioral region remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to describe the variations of the FA in the perioral region. Methods: We dissected 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers. We then studied the size and distribution of perioral arteries in 102 specimens. Results: The superior labial artery (SLA) was the most common branch, occurring in 87.25% of cadavers, followed by the inferior labial artery (ILA) at 78.43%. The SLA primarily originated above the mouth corner (cheilion), accounting for 91.01% of cases, and predominantly exhibited a tortuous course within the submucosa (78.65%). The ILA's branching pattern varied, but it was primarily located below the cheilion (91.25%). The ILA also followed a twisted path, generally within the submucosa. The ILA exhibited two patterns: the typical pattern, distributed at the vermilion border of the lower lip (8.82%), and the horizontal labiomental artery pattern, which ran horizontally in the middle of the lower lip area (69.61%). At their origin, the SLA and ILA had average external diameters of 1.29 mm and 1.28 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Numerous anatomical variations in the FA in the perioral region were found. A detailed anatomic description, suggested landmarks, and angiography before the procedure will be useful to help doctors avoid complications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.3 s.98
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• pp.185-197
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• 2003

This study was performed to identify the characteristics of the OFC1 gene (locus: chromosome 6p24.3) in Korean patients, which is assumed to be the major gene behind the nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. The sample consisted of 80 subjects: 40 nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients (proband, 20 males and females, mean age 14.2 years); and 40 normal adults (20 males and 20 females, mean age 25.6 years). Using PCR-based assay, the OFC1 gene was amplified, sequenced, and then searched for similar protein structures. Results were as follows: 1. The OFC1 gene contains the microsatellite marker 'CA' repeats. The number of the reference 'CA' repeats was 21 times, and formed as TA(CA)11TA(CA)10. But, in Koreans, the number of tandem 'CA' repeats was varied from 17 to 26 except 18, and 'CA' repeats consisted of TA(CA)n. 2. Nine allelic variants were found. Distribution of the OFC1 allele was similar between the patients and control group. 3. There was a replacement of the base 'T' to 'C' after 11 tandem 'CA' repeats in Koreans compared with Weissenbach's report. However, the difference did not seem to be the ORF prediction results between Koreans and Weissenbach's report. 4. The BLAST search results showed the Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the Nucleotide binding protein 2 (NBP2) as similar proteins. The TERT was a protein product by the hTERT gene in the locus 5p15.33 (NCBI Genome Annotation; NT023089) The NBP2 was a protein product by the ABCC3 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C) gene in the locus 17q22 (NCBI Genome Annotation; NT010783). 5. In the Pedant-Pro database analysis, the predictable protein structure of the OFC1 gene had at least one transmembrane region and one non-globular region.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.222-224
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• 2016

Epidermal cysts are intradermal or subcutaneous cystic tumors that frequently occur in the face, scalp, neck, and body trunk. Acquired cases of epidermal cyst commonly occur as a result of various surgical operations, chronic irritation, or trauma, all of which may trigger the occurrence of the invagination of squamous epithelium. A 57-year-old man presented with a palpable mass $7cm{\times}2cm$ in size in the upper lip. The patient had a 3-year history of wearing a denture to restore missing bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors, accompanied by inflammatory findings on the buccal mucosa due to chronic lip irritation. The resected oval-shaped cyst had a size of $5.5cm{\times}3.0cm{\times}2.5cm$, and it was an encapsulated mass with a well-defined margin. The histopathology was typical of epidermal cyst. This case of a rare giant upper lip epidermal cyst in a patient wearing a denture may be of interest to clinicians.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2012

Purpose: Dermatofibroma is a common benign dermal tumor characterized by a proliferation of fibroblast-like spindle cells. It is commonly localized on the skin of extremities and presents as a slow growing solitary nodule. To our knowledge, the occurrence of dermatofibroma in the oral cavity is rare. Herein, we report a rare case of dermatofibroma on the lower lip. Methods: A 60-year-old woman presented with a slow growing mass that measured $1{\times}0.8cm$ in diameter on the lower lip. The mass was surgically excised with clear margins. Results: Histologically, the mass was characterized by a nodular tumor composed of collagen bundles, fibroblasts, and histiocytes, which were findings consistent with dermatofibroma. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complications. Conclusion: When evaluating nodular tumors of the oral area, dermatofibroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2021

Reconstruction of lip defects is important because the lips play an important role in maintaining aesthetic facial balance, facial expressions, and speech. There are various methods of lip reconstruction such as primary repair, skin grafting, and utilization of local and free flaps. It is important to select a proper reconstruction method according to the size and location of lip defect. Failure to select an appropriate method may result in distortion, color mismatch, sensory loss, and aesthetic imbalance. Herein we present a case of successful aesthetic reconstruction of the lower vermilion. We removed a venous malformation, which was limited to the lower vermilion and adjacent to the white roll, and repaired the defect using the modified O-Z flap.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.260-265
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• 2023

Background: The traditional nasolabial V-Y advancement flap is widely used for midface reconstruction, particularly for the lower third of the nose and upper lip, as its color and texture are similar to these areas. However, it provides insufficient tissue to cover large defects and cannot restore the nasal convexity, nasal ala, and adjacent tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the modified nasolabial V-Y advancement flap with extension limbs the along alar crease for the reconstruction of complex midface defects. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 18 patients, who underwent reconstruction with the modified nasolabial V-Y advancement flap, was performed between September 2014 and December 2022. An extension limb was added along the alar crease, adjacent to the defect area, and was hinged down as a transposition flap at the end of the advancement flap. Results: The extension limb along the alar crease successfully covered large and complicated defects, including those of the ala, the alar rim, the alar base, the nostrils, and the upper lip, with minor complications. Conclusion: The alar crease is a good donor site for the reconstruction of large and complex nasal and upper lip defects.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

The orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) is a very important muscle that originate from the second branchial arch and is innervated by the facial nerve. The aim of this study was to elucidate distribution types of two muscle fibers that composing OOM by using enzyme-histochemical examinations and tried to make a basis for a clinical application. The fresh frozen tissues from the superior and inferior portions of the OOM were taken from post mortem 65-year-old Korean male adult. Total five different sagittal sections were used on the midline of the philtrum, the middle portion of lower lip, the mouth corner, and each midlateral side of upper and lower mouth. We used enzyme-histochemical staining such as Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Succinic Dehydrogenase (SDHase), reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Tetrazolium Reductase (NADH-TR), Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATPase) in pH 9.4, 4.6 and 4.3, and Modified Gomori Trichrome. There were about 30.24 % type 1 muscle fiber and 65.40 % type 2 muscle fiber in the midline of the philtrum (p < 0.05). Enzyme-histochemical staining is very useful and innovative method to elucidate characteristics of muscle fibers. We expect that chiloplasty and reconstruction of the lip portions for cleft lip patients, based on these results, are better to recovery function and aesthetic. However, we have some problems as an intramuscular variability and the inter-individual variation etc. Therefore we have to make progress these studies continuously to overcome these problems.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.1 s.48
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

Craniofacial asymmetry was analyzed in 39 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP). The samples are devided into three groups nine below 9 years, twenty three from 9 years 1 month to 14 years and seven over 14 years group. Seventeen measurements were obtained from the tracing of PA X-ray cephalometric headfilms to evaluate the asymmetric characteristics and changes accdording to aging in UCLP. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Facial asymmetry in UCLP is variable(1.22-3.47 $mm/^{\circ}$) and the length from midsagitta1 reference line to maxillary 1st molar, to upper central incisor and the length of mandibular ramus showed significant asymmetry 2. Nasal septum and anterior nasal spine were deviated In the cleft side and the lower border of nasal cavity was 1ower in cleft side. 3. The deviation of nasal septum was continued significantly till after 14 years old.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.601-608
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• 1996

Robinow syndrome or fetal face syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by short stature, mesomelic brachymelia, hypoplastic genitalia, and a typical facial appearence ("fetal face") with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, a short upturned nose, long philtrum, micrognathia, and macrocephaly. Intraoral features have included quite a few dental cavities, crowding, hypoplastic uvula, cleft lip or/and cleft palate, gingival hyperplasia, alveolar hyperplasia, enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, and congenital missing of the permanent teeth. We report on a 10 years old girl with Robinow syndrome. The patient had most of the typical anomalies of the syndrome and negative family history but, in addition, had mental retardation, hearing loss, and serous otitis media. Intraoral findings included dental cavities, crowding, hypoplastic uvula, repaired cleft palate, and mouth breathing. Dental treatment and V-tube insertion(by dept. of ENT) were performed under general anesthesia. In all cases of Robinow syndrome, thorough evaluation and united treatments with medical specialists should be performed.