• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

This study has been carried for the development of the basic algorithm of helicopter navigation system based on TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) with information input from the GPS. The helicopter determines flight path due to Origination-Destination analysis on the Cartesian coordinate system of 3-D DTM. This system shows 3-D mesh map and the O-D flight path profile for the pilot's acknowledgement of the terrain, at first. The system builds TCF (terrain clearance floor) far the buffer zone upon the surface of ground relief to avid the ground collision. If the helicopter enters to the buffer zone during navigation, the real-time warning message which commands to raise the body pops up using Matlab menu. While departing or landing, control of the height of the body is possible. At present, the information (x, y, z coordinates) from the GPS is assumed to be input into the system every 92.8 m of horizontal distance while navigating along flight path. DTM of 3" interval has been adopted from that which was provided by ChumSungDae Co., Ltd..

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

CD8+T cells are key factors mediating hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance. However, these cells are killed through HBV-induced apoptosis during the antigen-presenting period in HBV-induced chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Interferon-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) delays type I interferon-induced apoptosis in cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFI6 could affect the chronicity of CLD. The present study included a discovery stage, in which 195 CLD patients, including chronic hepatitis B (HEP) and cirrhosis patients and 107 spontaneous recovery (SR) controls, were analyzed. The genotype distributions of rs2808426 (C > T) and rs10902662 (C > T) were significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (odds ratio [OR], 6.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 26.52, p = 0.008 for both SNPs) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). The distribution of diplotypes that contained these SNPs was significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (OR, 6.58; 95% CI, 1.63 to 25.59; p = 0.008 and OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.61; p = 0.008, respectively) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). We were unable to replicate the association shown by secondary enrolled samples. A large-scale validation study should be performed to confirm the association between IFI6 and HBV clearance.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.266-275
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• 2020

Purpose: The outcome predictors of Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) for biliary atresia (BA) are controversial. This study aimed to identify possible short-term outcome predictors of KPE for BA in infants. Methods: This retrospective study included infants with BA who underwent KPE between January 2015 and December 2017 and were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery at the Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Cairo University Pediatric Hospital, Egypt. The short-term outcome was jaundice clearance within 6 months following surgery. All data were compared between the jaundice free group and those with persistent jaundice to identify the predictors of jaundice clearance. Results: The study included 75 infants. The mean age at the time of surgery was 82.43±22.77 days (range, 37-150 days), and 28 (37.3%) infants cleared their jaundice within 6 months postoperative. Age at surgery did not significantly affect the outcome (p=0.518). Infants with persistent jaundice had significantly higher pre-operative levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than those who were jaundice free (p=0.041). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that preoperative AST ≤180 IU/L was predictive of a successful KPE, with sensitivity 74.5% and specificity 60.7%. Infants with bile plugs in liver biopsy had a 6-fold higher risk of persistent jaundice than those without bile plugs (95% confidence interval: 1.59-20.75, p=0.008). Conclusion: Jaundice clearance after KPE for BA can be predicted using preoperative AST and presence of bile plugs in liver biopsy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2024

Vancomycin is a frequently used antibiotic in intensive care units, and the patient's renal clearance affects the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vancomycin. Several advantages have been reported for vancomycin continuous intravenous infusion, but studies on continuous dosing regimens based on patients' renal clearance are insufficient. The aim of this study was to develop a vancomycin serum concentration prediction model by factoring in a patient's renal clearance. Children admitted to our institution between July 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022 with records of continuous infusion of vancomycin were included in the study. Sex, age, height, weight, vancomycin dose by weight, interval from the start of vancomycin administration to the time of therapeutic drug monitoring sampling, and vancomycin serum concentrations were analyzed with the linear regression analysis of the mixed effect model. Univariable regression analysis was performed using the vancomycin serum concentration as a dependent variable. It showed that vancomycin dose (p < 0.001) and serum creatinine (p = 0.007) were factors that had the most impact on vancomycin serum concentration. Vancomycin serum concentration was affected by vancomycin dose (p < 0.001) and serum creatinine (p = 0.001) with statistical significance, and a multivariable regression model was obtained as follows: Vancomycin serum concentration (mg/l) = -1.296 + 0.281 × vancomycin dose (mg/kg) + 20.458 × serum creatinine (mg/dl) (adjusted coefficient of determination, R² = 0.66). This prediction model is expected to contribute to establishing an optimal continuous infusion regimen for vancomycin.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2017

Railway turnout systems are one of the most important systems in a railway and abnormal turnout systems can cause serious accidents. To detect an abnormal state of a turnout, turnout clearance detectors are widely used. These devices consider a failure of a turnout clearance detectors to be a failure of the turnout system, that could hinder train operations. Analysis of turnout clearance detector failures is very important to ensure normal train operation. We categorized failures of detectors into four groups to identify failure characteristics of the 140 detectors, which are composed of main line detectors (A), side tracks (B), detectors that are in operation more than 80 times a day (C) and detectors that are in operation fewer than 10 times per day. Failures of detectors have mainly been caused in the control part, in the cables and sensors; failures are classified into four groups (A, B, C and D). We have tried to find failure density distributions for each type of failures, inferring the parameter distributions a priori. Finally, using the Bayesian inference we proposed a maintenance time for control parts through the mean time of the detector, life and the life expectancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.696-703
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• 2008

Korea is now classified as an area of intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV), due to the implementation of universal HBV vaccination and national preventive programs for HBV infection. A national program of HBV vaccination was launched in Korea in 1988 for school-going children and was listed on a vaccination guideline in 1991. In 1995, universal vaccination for newborn infants was started for the prevention of perinatal HBV transmission. The prevalence of HBsAg among Korean middle school students has shown marked decreased from 3.2% in the late 1990s to 0.44% in 2007. HBsAg positivity in preschool children was 0.9% in 1995, decreased to 0.2% in 2007 by national prevention program of hepatitis B vertical transmission, launched in 2002. Vaccine failure rate of HBV immunoprophylaxis is 4.2% by this program. The infected children should be monitored per 6-12 months interval. Lamivudine and interferon are approved therapies for children with chronic hepatitis B in immune-clearance phase in Korea.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.401-406
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• 1990

The Pharmacokinetics of furosemide (5 mg/kg iv) was investigated in rabbits with folate (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg 300 mg/ug, iv) induced renal failure. The plasma concentration was increased and urinary excretion was decreased significantly compared with those of normal rabbits. ${\alpha},\;{\beta}\;and\;K_{12},\;K_{21},\;K_{10}$ were decreased, $t_{1/2}$ and AUC were increased significantly. Correlation of serum creatinine concentration and AUC, renal clearance have linear relationship respectively. In short, dosage regimen of furosemide is considered to be adjusted in the dose size and the dosing interval by degree of serum creatinine concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 1992

Although intravenous fat emulsions are well accepted as a consituent of a total parenteral nutrition regimen it is still controversial how much it can be used and who to use it in consideration of physical situation of useres. In this study the effect of two marketed lipid formulas on serum lipids change was investigated. Each lipid formula was injected to twelve normal adult volunteers and a set of blood samples was drawn at 5 minute interval during the experiment. Changes of triglycerides. free fatty acids free glycerol total cholesterol and phospolipids in the serum wre determined. To calculate serum lipids clearance the phar-macokinetics of serum triglyceride fractional removal rate(k) and half-life time(t/2) were calculated using intravenous fat tolerance-test(IVFTT) None of the parameters determined in this experiment was statistically different between two marketed formulas. In summary the bolus injection of the lipid formulas did not produce any adverse effects and their elimination kinetics from the blood stream were similar.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.419-429
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between folate and colorectal neoplasia remains controversial. We examined the association between serum folate concentrations and colorectal adenomas in a case-control study of Korean adults and conducted a meta-analysis. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Our case-control study included 113 pairs of case and control who underwent colonoscopy and provided blood samples. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models to obtain the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CIs). For meta-analysis, we identified the relevant studies by searching the PubMed database up to February 2017, included our case-control study and combined the study-specific relative risks (RRs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS: In this case-control study, we included 58 men and 55 women with colorectal adenomas and sex and fasting status matched the controls. We did not find any significant association between the serum folate levels and colorectal adenomas in either men or women. For meta-analysis, a total of eleven studies were included in our analysis and classified into two groups; polyp clearance group (PC) for the studies that included participants who underwent endoscopies and had their polyps removed at baseline; and no polyp clearance group (NPC) for the studies that included participants whose histories of endoscopies were unknown or who underwent their first endoscopies. Four PC (1,311 cases and 1,672 non-cases) and eight NPC studies (3,501 cases and 11,347 non-cases) were included. The combined RRs (95% CIs) comparing the bottom with the top categories of circulating folate levels were 1.07 (0.97-1.18) for the NPC group but 1.45 (1.16-1.74) for the PC group. CONCLUSIONS: Low circulating folate levels were associated with new adenoma formation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.477-497
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• 2013

This paper reports extensive experimental study done to compare workability and bond strength of five different types of polymer-based bonding agents for reinforcing bars in pinning retrofit. In pinning retrofit, steel pins of 6 to 10 mm diameters are inserted into holes drilled diagonally from mortar joints. This technique is superior to other techniques especially in retrofitting historic masonry constructions because it does not change the appearance of constructions. With an ordinary cement paste as bonding agent, it is very difficult to insert reinforcing bars at larger open times due to poor workability and very thin clearance available. Here, open time represents the time interval between the injection of bonding agent and the insertion of reinforcing bars. Use of polymer-cement paste (PCP), as bonding agent, is proposed in this study, with investigation on workability and bond strengths of various PCPs in brick masonry, at open times up to 10 minutes, which is unavoidable in practice. Corresponding nonlinear finite element models are developed to simulate the experimental observations. From the experimental and analytical study, the Styrene-Butadiene Rubber polymer-cement paste (SBR-PCP) with prior pretreatments of drilled holes showed strong bond with minimum strength variation at larger open times.