• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2023

Objective : The latest version of the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon^TM allows for mask- and frame-based fixation. Although mask fixation provides fractionated treatment and immobilization using a noninvasive method, it is not free from collision. The authors investigated the collision problem with a modified mask fixation method. Methods : This study presents a case of two meningiomas in the frontal area, where a collision occurs in the occipital area. A modified mask fixation method was introduced to avoid the collision : first, the edges of the head cushion were cut off and polystyrene beads with a diameter of approximately 5 cm were removed. Next, the head cushion was sealed using a stapler. Finally, the head cushion was flattened in the adapter. We compared the shot coordinates, 3-dimensional (3D) error, clearance distance, and vertical depth of the head cushion between the initial and modified mask fixations. Results : When comparing the initial and modified mask fixations, the difference in the shot coordinates was +10.5 mm along the y-axis, the difference in the 3D error was approximately 18 mm, and the difference in clearance was -10.2 mm. The head cushion was approximately 8 mm deeper in the modified mask fixation. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we recommend a modified mask fixation method for gamma knife radiosurgery using ICON with a collision.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2015

고속도로의 비반복 혼잡은 주로 돌발상황에 의해 발생된다. 돌발상황의 주요 원인은 교통사고로 알려져 있다. 따라서 교통사고 시 사고처리시간을 정확하게 예측하는 것은 돌발상황 관리에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 전국고속도로의 2008-2014년 총 7년치(60,473건)의 사고 자료를 이용하였다. 사고처리시간 예측모형은 과거의 교통사고 이력자료를 바탕으로 비모수모형인 KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) 알고리즘을 활용하였다. 사고자료 현황 분석결과 사고등급별로 사고처리시간에 미치는 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 사고처리시간은 사고등급별로 분류하여 모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 현재 발생한 사고의 교통상황과 도로 기하구조를 반영하기 위하여 교통량, 차로수, 시간대를 구분하여 데이터를 추출하였다. 추출된 데이터 중 현재 교통사고와 유사한 사고를 검색하기 위하여 사고처리시간에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 상태간 거리 산정을 위해서 세부항목별 가중치를 산정하였다. 가중치산정은 정규분포 표준화방법을 적용하였고, 이를 통해 사고처리시간을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형의 예측결과는 기존의 연구들의 결과에 비해 낮은 예측오차(MAPE)를 보여 모형의 우수성을 입증할 수 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 고속도로의 돌발상황 발생 시 효율적인 고속도로의 운영관리에 기여할 수 있고, 기존의 모형들이 갖고 있던 한계를 개선 및 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

Recently it is attempted to manufacture gears by various cold forging methods to meet requirements of mass production and uniform qualities. Compared to machined gears cold forged ears reveal higher tooth strength and better surface roughness but they reveal lower geometrical accuracies. Therefore in the present study a series of experiments are performed to investigate relations between geometrical accuracies of dies and billet and those of the final product. The geometrical accuracies of forged gears are considered through functional gear-element tolerances by measuring pitch error profile error lead error radial error tooth thickness and rolling test. Results of the experiments can be summarized as follows: (1) involute spur gears of KS 5(or AGMA7) accuracies can be made,(2) concentricity of die set should be maintained within 0.01mm (3) clearance between the billet and die set should be less than 0.1mm (4) con-centricity and radial runout should be less than 0.08mm and 0.1mm respectively. However it is thought that FEM analysis of elastic/thermal deformations of dies and the billet is necessary for a better understanding of the findings obtained through the present study.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.114-120
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• 1997

For compensating the error motion of hydrostatic tables, we have introduced a way that the clearance of table is controlled corresponding to the amount of eror with the actively controlled variable capillary, named as ACC. In previous paper, through the basic test, it was confirmed that by the use of ACC, the error motion within 2.7$\mu$ m of a hydrostatic table could be compensated with the resolution of 27nm, 1/100 contollable range, and with the frequency bandwidth of 5.5Hz, structurally. In this paper, we performed practical compensation of the linear and angular motion error of hydrostatic table using ACC. For improving the compensated motion accuracy, iterative control method is put into the control system. The experimental results show that by the simultaneous compensation of error, the linear and angular motion error are improved upto 0.25$\mu$ m and 0.4arcsec, which are about 1/10 and 1/3 of the non-compensated motion errors respectively.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.585-591
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• 2003

It has been widely known that geometrical or form errors of ball bearings such as ball size error, ball waviness, inner and outer race waviness due to inherent manufacturing imperfection are one of the major sources of uncontrollable non-repeatable run-out (NRRO) vibration in HDD spindle motor. NRRO in HDD is also known to be the primary cause of limiting the storage capacity of HDD. In this paper, We performed vibration analysis for NRRO a ball bearing being used in 3.5" HDD spindle motor. To theoretically estimate NRRO considering the geometrical errors of ball bearing components, a simple three degrees of freedom model was proposed and then vibration analysis for axial and radial NRRO was conducted utilizing the measured geometric imperfection of a bearing with both the waviness magnitude and phase taken into account. Effects of bearing preload and clearance on NRRO was also investigated as an effort to predict their optimum values minimizing bearing NRRO.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

To compensate for the motion errors in hydrostatic tables, a method to actively control the clearance of a bearing corresponding to the amount of error using actively controlled capillaries is introduced in this paper. The design method for an actively controlled capillary that considers the output rate of a piezo actuator and the amount of error that must be corrected is described. The basic characteristics of such a system were tested, such as the maximum controllable range of the error, micro-step response, and available dynamic bandwidth when the capillary was installed in a hydrostatic table. The tests demonstrated that the maximum controllable range was $2.4\;{\mu}m$, the resolution was 27 nm, and the frequency bandwidth was 5.5 Hz. Simultaneous compensation of the linear and angular motion errors using two actively controlled capillaries was also performed for a hydrostatic table driven by a ballscrew and a DC servomotor. An iterative compensation method was applied to improve the compensation characteristics. Experimental results showed that the linear and angular motion errors were improved to $0.12{\mu}m$ and 0.20 arcsec, which were about $1/15^{th}$ and $1/6^{th}$ of the initial motion errors, respectively. These results confirmed that the proposed compensation method improves the motion accuracy of hydrostatic tables very effectively.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1997

For compensating the error motion of hydrostatic guideways, we introduce a way that the clearance of table is actively controlled corresponding to the amount of error with the variable capillary. The structure and the theoretical design method of active controlled capillary using piezo actuator, named ACC, are proposed in this paper. Basic characteristics such as the maximum controllable range, micro step response and available dynamic bandwidth are tested for confirmation of structural suitability of ACC, and these characteristics are also tested on the table mounted with ACC for verifying the availability. The experimental result showed that by the use of ACC, the error motion within 2.7 .mu. m of a hydrostatic guideway can be compensated with the resolution of 2.7nm, 1/100 contollable range, and the frequency bandwidth of 5.5 Hz. From these results, it is confirmed that the ACC is very effective to improve the motion accuracy of high or ultra precision hydrostatic guideways.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.773-774
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• 2008

As an Embedded system get more complicated, the importance of the software test increases. Especially it is mandatory to test the embeded software for a charge degrade of the development company which is happened due to the error, a danger element clearance to the customer, a performance enhance of the system. In this paper, we propose efficient test method which discovers the bug an embedded system using suitable test case selection and automation test.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2019

플랩제어시스템의 주요 구성품인 주제어밸브의 설계는 실제 제작 경험을 바탕으로 반복-오차 방법에 의존하여 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 모델 기반의 부품 설계 방법을 제안하였다. 플랩제어시스템은 주제어 밸브, 고장-안전 밸브, 솔레노이드 밸브, LVDT, 구동 모터 등으로 구성된다. 주제어밸브는 주로 스풀과 슬롯으로 구성된다. 주제어밸브의 중요한 설계변수는 슬롯의 폭 (Slot Width), 오버 랩(Overlap) 및 간극(Clearance)이다. AMESim을 활용하여 주 제어 밸브의 유로를 모델링하고 해석하였다. 제안된 설계절차를 적용한 결과 허용된 가공오차 범위 내에서 요구 성능을 충족함을 확인하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2011

The hydrostatic bearings have a relatively small run-out comparing to its shape error by fluid film effect in hydrostatic state as like pneumatic bearing and have a high stiffness, load capacity and damping characteristics. As there is no maintenance and semipermanent in these bearing type, it has been usually adopted as main spindle bearing for grinding machine. In this thesis, to develop hydrostatic bearing for high speed spindle, the cooler setting temperature, bearing clearance and nozzle pressure of belt-driven hydrostatic bearing are investigated. The bearing temperature is decreased, as the cooler setting temperature is lower, nozzle pressure is higher and bearing clearance is wider. The front temperature of bearing is nearly $8^{\circ}C$ higher than the rear one up to 13,000 rpm of spindle revolution. The thermal deflection of X-axis is ${\pm}16\;{\mu}m$ in range of 12,000 rpm-13,000 rpm. Therefore, it is conformed that the built-in motor hydrostatic bearing can be used to high speed spindle.