• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.23-49
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• 1997

This is a progress report of rice biotechnology including development of gene transformation system, gene cloning and molecular mapping in rice. The scope of the research was focused on the connection between conventional breeding and biotech-researches. Plant transformation via Agrobacterium or particle bombardment was developed to introduce one or several genes to recommended rice cultivars. Two chimeric genes containing a maize ribosome inactivating protein gene (RIP) and a gerbicide resistant gene (bar) were introduced to Nipponbare, a Japonica cultivar, and transmitted to Korean cultivars. The homozygous progenies of herbicide resistant transgenic plant showed good fertility and agronomic characters. To explore the genetic resourses in rice, over 8,000 cDNA clones from immature rice seed have been isolated and sequenced. About 13% of clones were identified as enzymes related to metabolic pathway. Among them, twenty clones have high homology with genes encoding enzymes in the photorespiratory carbon cycle reaction. Up to now about 100 clones were fully sequenced and registered at EMBL and GenBank. For the mapping of quantitative tarits loci (QTL) and eternal recombinant inbred population with 164 F13 lines (MGRI) was developed from a cross between Milyang 23 and Gihobyeo, Korean rice cultivars. After construction of fully saturated RFLP and AFLP map, quantitative traits using MGRI population were analyzed and integrated into the molecular map. Eighty seven loci were determined with 27 QTL characters including yield and yield components on rice chromosomes. Map based cloning was also tried to isolate semi-dwarf (sd-1) gene in rice. A DNA probe, RG 109, the most tightly linked to sd-1 gene was used to screen from bacterial artifical chromosome (BAC) libraries and five over lapping clones presumably containing sd-1 gene were isolated. Rice genetic database including results of biotech reasearch and classical genetics is provided at Korea Rice Genome Server which is accessible with world wide web (www) browser. The server provides rice cDNA sequences and map informations linked with phenotypic images.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.861-868
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• 2021

With the development of technology for visualizing big-data, tasks such as intuitively analyzing a lot of data, detecting errors, and deriving meaning are actively progressing. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a 3D analysis that collects and stores the writing data in Chinese characters provided by the Korean Classical Database of the Korean Classics Translation Institute, stores and progress the data, and visualizes the writing information in a 3D network diagram. It solves the problem when a large amount of data is expressed in 2D, intuitive that analysis, error detection, meaningful data extraction such as characteristics, similarity, differences, etc. and user convenience can be provided. In this paper, we improved the problems of analyzing Chosun dynasty poetry in Chinese characters using 2D visualization conducted in previous studies.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

Purpose : This study compares prescriptions in the 1901 edition of the Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元) and the 1901 edition of 24 Revised Tae-eum constitution prescriptions (新定太陰人病應用要藥二十四方) (1901PCDT) with medical herbs found in classical texts. This study also examines whether to include patterns which compose medical herbs for the person of Tae-eum constitution (太陰人). Method : The prescriptions for Tae-eum-in in the Shinchukbon and the ingredients of medical herbs of the prescriptions of the Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue (景岳全書), Secret Works of Universal Benefit (廣濟秘笈), Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑), Comprised Edition for Formulas (方藥合編), Protecting Essence for Longevity (壽世保元), Introduction to Medicine (醫學入門), New Book for Saving People (濟衆新編 ENGLISH), and Compendium of Local Medicinals and Formulas (鄕藥集成方) were input into a database. The prescriptions were examined and combinations of medical herbs used to treat the person of Tae-eum constitution were noted. Result : Among the prescriptions for the person of Tae-eum constitution, similar examples of the 17 prescriptions of Kudzu Decoction to Relieve the Muscles (葛根解肌湯), Regulate the Stomach and Coordinate the Purity Decoction (調胃升淸湯), Clear the Heart and Lotus Pip Decoction (淸心蓮子湯), Decoction for Stabilizing Asthma with Ephedra (麻黃定喘湯), Profuse Heat and Sparse Cold Decoction (熱多寒少湯), Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根承氣湯), Major Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根大承氣湯), Minor Decoction for Coordinating Qi with Kudzu (葛根小承氣湯), Decoction for Dispersing the Exterior with Ephedra (麻黃發表湯), Boost the Lung Essence Decoction (補肺元湯), Major Supplementing Decoction with Deer Antler Velvet (鹿茸大補湯), Boosting Black Essence Pill (拱辰黑元丹), Honeylocust Fruit and Rhubarb Decoction (皂角大黃湯), Kudza and Duckweed Decoction (葛根浮萍湯), Sweet Flag and Polygala Powder (石菖蒲遠志散), Liriopis and Polygala Decoction Powder (麥門冬遠志散), and Cattle Gallstone Formula to Clear the Heart (牛黃淸心元) were found in important ancient literature and Dried Chestnut and Holotrichia Decoction (乾栗蠐螬湯) and Dried Chestnut and Tree of Heaven Root Bark Decoction (乾栗樗根皮湯) are the combination originally set by Lee Jema. Conclusion : Because 70.8% of the prescriptions in 1901PCDT could be found in literature which were pervasive in the period of the Joseon Dynasty (the period of Ming and Qing), it corresponds with Lee Jema's view that medical men in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties disclosed half of the prescriptions for Tae-eum person by studying these texts more.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.7 s.110
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• pp.857-866
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• 2006

Performance of an image retrieval system is usually very low because of the semantic gap between the low level feature and the high level concept in a query image. Semantically relevant images may exhibit very different visual characteristics, and may be scattered in several clusters. In this paper, we propose a content based image rertrieval approach which combines region based image retrieval and a new relevance feedback method using adaptive clustering together. Our main goal is finding semantically related clusters to narrow down the semantic gap. Our method consists of region based clustering processes and cluster-merging process. All segmented regions of relevant images are organized into semantically related hierarchical clusters, and clusters are merged by finding the number of the latent clusters. This method, in the cluster-merging process, applies r: using v principal components instead of classical Hotelling's $T_v^2$ [1] to find the unknown number of clusters and resolve the singularity problem in high dimensions and demonstrate that there is little difference between the performance of $T^2$ and that of $T_v^2$. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed approach is effective in improving the performance of an image retrieval system.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.664-674
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• 2004

The trajectory preservation property that stores only one trajectory in a leaf node is the most important feature of an index structure, such as the TB-tree for retrieving object's moving paths in the spatio-temporal space. It performs well in trajectory-related queries such as navigational queries and combined queries. But, the MBR of non-leaf nodes in the TB-tree have large amounts of dead space because trajectory preservation is achieved at the sacrifice of the spatial locality of trajectories. As dead space increases, the overlap between nodes also increases, and, thus, the classical range query cost increases. We present a new split policy and entry relocation policies, which have no deterioration of the performance for trajectory-related queries, for improving the performance of range queries. To maximally reduce the dead space of a non-leaf node's MBR, the Maximal Area Reduction (MAR) policy is used as a split policy for non-leaf nodes. The entry relocation policy induces entries in non-leaf nodes to exchange each other for the purpose of reducing dead spaces in these nodes. We propose two algorithms for the entry relocation policy, and evaluate the performance studies of new algorithms comparing to the TB-tree under a varying set of spatio-temporal queries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.733-735
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• 2014

Example based Super Resolution(SR) is using the correspondence between the low and high resolution image from a database. This method uses only one image to estimate a high resolution image and can get the larger image than 2 times. Example based SR is proposed to solve the problem of classical SR. Neighbor embedding(NE) has been inspired by manifold learning method, particularly locally linear embedding. However, the poor generalization of NE decreases the performance of such algorithm. The sizes of local training sets are always too small to improve the performance of NE. We propose the advanced NE baesd on SVR having an excellent generalization ability to solve this problem. Given a low resolution image, we estimate a pixel in its high resolution version by using SVR based NE. Through experimental results, we quantitatively and qualitatively confirm the improved results of the proposed algorithm when comparing with conventional interpolation methods and NE.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2010

We tried to establish the history of outbreaks and control methods of 'hwangchung' in Joseon Dynasty, uncovering the biological reality of the 'hwangchung' (called hwang or bihwang) analyzed through the Database program on 'the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty' and 'the Emollment of Haegoeje', two of the finest examples of classical historical records. The total number of articles on the outbreak of the hwangchung is 261 in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and 65 in the Emollment of Haegoeje. There were four peaks by hwangchung throughout the Joseon Era. Among them, the periods of King Taejo to King Sejong had the highest incidence. By comparing the number of records of the hwangchung from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty with that in the Emollment of Haegoeje during the same period, results show the former was less than the latter, 35 vs 65. However, both records were relatively inconsistent with each other. Insect pests in forests as well as in agriculture were included in the biological identities of the hwangchung in the Joseon Dynasty periods, which is in accordance with those of Saigo's. The taxonomic identity could be confirmed in only 25 cases (9.5%) among the articles on hwangchung. It largely coincided with Paik's opinion: II in armyworm, nine in moth larva, one in rice stem borer, two in migratory locust, one in planthopper and one in rice-plant weevil. Therefore, it is not reasonable to regard hwangchung as a migratory locust or grasshopper only. The number of reports on the occurrence of hwangchung in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty was 173 (66% of the total) and 47% of them were just simple reports, which means the report itself on the appearance of hwangchung was very significant. The reports on controlling insect pests were of low frequency, in 20% (34 cases) of the total reports, capturing insect pests or holding traditional ceremony called 'Poje'. Among them, only one case related to the treatment of seeds to prevent the damage by hwangchung was published in the King Sejong period. There were 37 discussions about changes and management of government policies due to disasters by hwangchung. They were mostly about relief or tax cut to the people who suffered damage and about cancellation of recruiting people to military training, constructing castles, and so on. It seems that not only the people but also the king was influenced by the hwangchung. In the case of King Seongjong, he referred to the stress of the prevention measure of locusts in 10 articles. The damage also had an effect on abdication in the reign of King Jeongjong.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2004

The existing management job of research expenses has been divided into three parts： budget planning, budget draw-up, and exact settlement of budget. However, it caused some problems. Under this current circumstance it is required to obtain research expenses steadily, to operate efficiently and to use them clearly to solve such problems. As a result of a study on data warehouse development process of existing system integration company (Inmon, IBM) to reflect current trend described above, data warehouse development process of Inmon uses systematic and gradual access as a classical development cycle method. It causes overlap and feedback to the previous step in the process of each step Is requested. And another problem that it is difficult to toil what function refers and corrects data because functions and data are separated during performing development process at data warehouse development process of IBM is caused. Integrated management data warehouse development process of research expenses in the enterprise environment which applies UML at planning and analysis step, design step and implement and test step is suggested in this paper. Information retrieval agent uses existing budget plan DB, budget draw-up DB and budget settlement DB to find out information that a user wants to know. Information retrieval agent collects and saves information at integration database and information integration agent extracts, transports, transforms and loads the data. Information integration agent reduces a user's efforts to access to a number of information sources and check each of them. It also screens out data that a user may not need. As a result, integrated management data warehouse development process of research expenses in the enterprise environment reflects a user's requirements as much as possible and provides various types of information to make a decision which is needed to establish the policy of research expense management. It helps an end user approach his/her desired analysis information quickly and get various data from the comprehensive viewpoint rather than the fragmentary viewpoint. Furthermore, as it integrated three systems into one, it is possible to share data, to integrate the system, to reduce operating expenses and to simplify supporting environment for the decision making.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.42-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual cases of crane breeding at private homes in the Joseon Dynasty period, thereby identifying the universal meaning and characteristics of this act reflected in these cases. This study is likely to help understand the true nature of garden culture during the period. The study' temporal and spatial scope was limited to the Joseon Dynasty and private homes. As references for the study, translated versions of classical literature were selected from the Database of Korean Classics(http://db.itkc.or.kr). To complement for the data, related researchers' translated materials were also used in part. The study's results are summed up as follows: First, Individuals from various social classes including royal families, noblemen, noble families in countryside, and commoners kept cranes at their homes. These crane breeders included those who left a significant mark in the Joseon Dynasty politically and academically as well as 'cheosa(處士)' that refers to scholars living in seclusion without entering the government throughout their lifetime. Second, Crane breeders were spread all over the country. Notably, various cases of crane breeding were found within the Hanyang Wall and its vicinity. Third, The act of crane breeding was highly associated with blood ties and academic lineages such as friendships and teacher-student relations. In this regard, crane breeding was not just a simple taste or appreciation for the arts, but rather reflective of a person's life attitude and orientation. Forth, The consciousness of Confucian origins based on an ancient story of Limpo (林逋) appears to have a large impact on the act of crane breeding. In addition, some cases exhibited the reflection of Taoistic tastes. Fifth, Some individuals tamed cranes for a living. This proves the presence of steady demand for cranes in this period. The present study's limitation is its reliance on translated materials, which hindered research into various cases. Therefore, the future discovery of additional data and the accumulation of their translations will enable the investigation of a wealth of cases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-67
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• 2019

In order to investigate the issue with the proper name of eshel(Tamarix aphylla) mentioned in the Bible, analysis of morphological taxonomy features of plants, studies on the symbolism of the Tamarix genus, analysis of examples in Korean classics and Chinese classics, and studies on the problems found in translations of Korean, Chinese and Japanese Bibles. The results are as follows. According to plant taxonomy, similar species of the Tamarix genus are differentiated by the leaf and flower, and because the size is very small about 2-4mm, it is difficult to differentiate by the naked eye. However, T. aphylla found in the plains of Israel and T. chinensis of China and Korea have distinctive differences in terms of the shape of the branch that droops and its blooming period. The Tamarix genus is a very precious tree that was planted in royal courtyards of ancient Mesopotamia and the Han(漢) Dynasty of China, and in ancient Egypt, it was said to be a tree that gave life to the dead. In the Bible, it was used as a sign of the covenant that God was with Abraham, and it also symbolized the prophet Samuel and the court of Samuel. When examining the example in Korean classics, the Tamarix genus was used as a common term in the Joseon Dynasty and it was often used as the medical term '$Ch{\bar{e}}ngli{\check{u}}$(檉柳)'. Meanwhile, the term 'wiseonglyu(渭城柳)' was used as a literary term. Upon researching the period and name of literature related to $Ch{\bar{e}}ngli{\check{u}}$(檉柳) among Chinese medicinal herb books, a total of 16 terms were used and among these terms, the term Chuísīliǔ(垂絲柳) used in the Chinese Bible cannot be found. There was no word called 'wiseonglyu(渭城柳)' that originated from the poem by Wang Wei(699-759) of Tang(唐) Dynasty and in fact, the word 'halyu(河柳)' that was related to Zhou(周) China. But when investigating the academic terms of China currently used, the words Chuísīliǔ(垂絲柳) and $Ch{\bar{e}}ngli{\check{u}}$(檉柳) are used equally, and therefore, it appears that the translation of eshel in the Chinese Bible as either Chuísīliǔ (垂絲柳) or $Ch{\bar{e}}ngli{\check{u}}$(檉柳) both appear to be of no issue. There were errors translating tamarix into 'やなぎ(willow)' in the Meiji Testaments(舊新約全書 1887), and translated correctly 'ぎょりゅう(檉柳)' since the Colloquial Japanese Bible(口語譯 聖書 1955). However, there are claims that 'gyoryu(ぎょりゅう 檉柳)' is not an indigenous species but an exotics species in the Edo Period, so it is necessary to reconsider the terminology. As apparent in the Korean classics examples analysis, there is high possibility that Korea's T. chinensis were grown in the Korean Peninsula for medicinal and gardening purposes. Therefore, the use of the medicinal term $Ch{\bar{e}}ngli{\check{u}}$(檉柳) or literary term 'wiseonglyu' in the Korean Bible may not be a big issue. However, the term 'wiseonglyu' is used very rarely even in China and as this may be connected to the admiration of China and Chinese things by literary persons of the Joseon Dynasty, so the use of this term should be reviewed carefully. Therefore, rather than using terms that may be of issue in the Bible, it is more feasible to transliterate the Hebrew word and call it eshel.