• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2016

The determination of feasible design flood is the most important to control flood damage in river management. Concentration time and storage constant in the Clark unit hydrograph method mainly affects magnitude of peak flood and shape of hydrograph. Model parameters should be calibrated using observed discharge but due to deficiency of observed data the parameters have been adopted by empirical formula. This study is to suggest concentration time and storage constant based on the observed rainfall-runoff data at GongDo stage station in the Ansung river basin. To do this, five criteria have been suggested to compute root mean square error(RMSE) and residual of oserved value and computed one. Once concentration time and storage constant have been determined from three rainfall-runoff event selected at the station, the five criteria based on observed hydrograph and computed hydrograph by the Clark model have been computed to determine the value of concentration time and storage constant. A criteria has been proposed to determine concentration time and storage constant based on the results of the observed hydrograph and the Clark model. It has also been shown that an exponent value of concentration time-cumulative area curve should be determined based on the shape of watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2004.05b
• /
• pp.1188-1192
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 그동안 우리나라 강우-유출분석에 주로 이용되어 왔던 Clark 단위도를 선택하여 그 매개변수와 유역반응과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 대상유역으로 국제수문개발계획 시험유역 하나인 위천유역과 남강, 주암댐을 대상유역으로 선정하여, 실측강우-유출자료에 근거하여 최적화된 단위도를 유도한 후, Clark 단위도의 집중시간(Tc)과 저류상수(K)를 산정하였다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 유역에서의 각 홍수사상별 첨두홍수량에 대한 Clark 단위도의 매개변수인 집중시간, 저류상수와 유역반응과의 관계를 규명할 수 있었다. 집중 시간과 저류상수는 모두 작은 홍수사상에서는 지수적으로 감소하지만 어느 홍수량 크기 이상부터는 거의 일정한 집중시간을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 이는 큰 홍수사상에서는 유역의 선형성을 재현하고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 또한, 이를 통해 우리나라에서 홍수량 산정시에 사용되어 오고 있는 대표단위도 개념은 큰 홍수사상에 적용될 경우에는 과소한 홍수량을 산정하므로 새로운 개념의 단위도 적용이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2020

The main objective of this study is to provide a robust model for estimating parameters of the Clark unit hydrograph (UH) using the observed rainfall-runoff data in the Soyangang dam basin. In general, HEC-1 and HEC-HMS models, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, have been widely used to optimize the parameters in Korea. However, these models are heavily reliant on the objective function and sample size during the optimization process. Moreover, the optimization process is carried out on the basis of single rainfall-runoff data, and the process is repeated for other events. Their averaged values over different parameter sets are usually used for practical purposes, leading to difficulties in the accurate simulation of discharge. In this sense, this paper proposed a hierarchical Bayesian model for estimating parameters of the Clark UH model. The proposed model clearly showed better performance in terms of Bayesian inference criterion (BIC). Furthermore, the result of this study reveals that the proposed model can also be applied to different hydrologic fields such as dam design and design flood estimation, including parameter estimation for the probable maximum flood (PMF).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.1B
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2012

Climate change has been obtained researchers' interest, especially in water resources engineering to adjust current conditions to the new circumstance influenced by climate change. In this study, WRF-ARW will be evaluated the capability to estimate distributed precipitation using global weather information instead of the data from rainfall observatory or radar. Cheongmi watershed is selected and adopted to generate a distributed rainfall-runoff model using ModClark. The results from the distributed model with precipitation data from WRF-ARW and the lumped model using observed precipitation data were compared to the observed discharge values. The final results showed that the distributed model, ModClark generated similar pattern of hydrograph to the observations in terms of the time and amount of peak discharge. In addition, the trend of hydrograph from the distributed model presented similar pattern to the observations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1491-1494
• /
• 2010

2000년 이후 국지성 호우로 인한 지역별 홍수량의 차이가 현저히 많이 나고 있다. 때문에 유역 내 주요시설물 및 인명피해를 줄이기 위해서는 유역의 특성을 최대한 반영한 홍수 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 충주댐 유역의 실측 강우량 및 유입량 자료를 이용하여 단위도를 유도하였다. 단위도 산정 방법은 강우자료의 모의기능을 추가한 Modified Clark 방법을 이용하였다. 단위도 관련 직접유출의 형태를 결정하는 주요 매개변수는 도달시간 $T_c$와 저류상수 K에 의하여 결정되며, 홍수량 산정 시 가장 중요한 매개변수라고 할 수 있다. 충주댐 유역의 2002년부터 2007년까지의 강우자료 중 대표 강우사상을 분리하여 강우사상별 매개변수를 추정하였다. 추정 결과 강우 사상별 형태에 따라 매개변수가 다르게 나타났다. 이는 강우의 패턴에 따라 댐에 유입되는 매개변수가 다르기 때문인 것으로 보인다.

• Water for future
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 1994

A Sensitivity analysis on the model parameters involved in the Clark watershed routing method is made to demonstrate the effect of each parameter on the magnitude of 50-year design flood for small urban streams. As for the rainfall parameter the time distribution pattern of design storm was selected. For short duration storms Huff, Yen & Chow and Japanese Central type distributions were selected and the Mononobe distribution of 24-hour design storm was also selected and tested for Clark method application. The effect of SCS runoff curve number for effective rainfall and the methods of subbasin division for time-area curve were also tested. The routing parameter, i.e. the storage constant(K), was found to be the dominating parameter once design storm is selected. A multiple regression formula for K correlated with the drainage area and main channel slope of the basin is proposed for the use in urban stream practice for the determination of design flood by Clark method.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2010

Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Therefore, it is important to understand the spatial-temporal features of rainfall. In this study, RADAR rainfall was used to calculate gridded areal rainfall which reflects the spatial-temporal variability. In addition, Kalman-filter method, a stochastical technique, was used to combine ground rainfall network with RADAR rainfall network to calculate areal rainfall. Thiessen polygon method, Inverse distance weighting method, and Kriging method were used for calculating areal rainfall, and the calculated data was compared with adjusted areal RADAR rainfall measured using the Kalman-filter method. The result showed that RADAR rainfall adjusted with Kalman-filter method well-reproduced the distribution of raw RADAR rainfall which has a similar spatial distribution as the actual rainfall distribution. The adjusted RADAR rainfall also showed a similar rainfall volume as the volume shown in rain gauge data. Anseong-Cheon basin was used as a study area and the RADAR rainfall adjusted with Kalman-filter method was applied in $Vflo^{TM}$ model, a physical-based distributed model, and ModClark model, a semi-distributed model. As a result, $Vflo^{TM}$ model simulated peak time and peak value similar to that of observed hydrograph. ModClark model showed good results for total runoff volume. However, for verifying the parameter, $Vflo^{TM}$ model showed better reproduction of observed hydrograph than ModClark model. These results confirmed that flood runoff simulation is applicable in domestic settings(in South Korea) if highly accurate areal rainfall is calculated by combining gauge rainfall and RADAR rainfall data and the simulation is performed in link to the distributed hydrological model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 2013

In this study, flood runoff characteristics is analyzed according to subbasin divisions by physically based rainfall-runoff model and appropriate number of subbasin divisions is suggested for midsize test basins. The Clark method, a lumped model in HEC-HMS, and the ModClark method, a semi-distributed model are used to simulate rainfall-runoff processes on Andong-reservoir basin, Imha-reservoir basin, and Pyeongchang river basin. The test basins were divided into nine subdivision cases by equal-area subdivision method such as single basin, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 15 subbasins, and compared the simulated and observed values in terms of the peak flow and the peak time. The simulation results indicated that the peak flows tended to increase and the peak time shifted earlier as the number of subdivisions increased and this tendency weakened after the certain number of subdivisions. In this research, the specific number of subdivision was defined as the minimum number of subdivision considering both peak flow and peak time. Consequently, the minimum number of subdivisions is determined as 5 for Andong and Imha reservoir basins and 7 for Pyeongchang river basin.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.9-23
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this research was to develop a model that minimizes time and money for deriving topographical property factors and hydro-meteorological property factors, which are used in interpreting flood flow, and that makes it possible to forecast rainfall-runoff using a least number of factors. That is, the research aimed at suggesting a runoff interpretation method that considers the river branching characteristics but not the topographical and geological properties and the land cover conditions, which had been referred in general. The subject basin of the research was the basin of Yeongcheon Dam located in the upper reaches of the Kumho River. The parameters of the model were derived from the results of abstracting topological properties out of rainfall-runoff observation data about heavy rains and Digital Elevation Modeling(DEM). According to the result of examining calculated peak runoff, the Clark Model and the GIUH Model showed relative errors of 1.9~23.9% and 0.8~11.3%, respectively and as a whole, the peak values of hydrograph appeared high. In addition, according to the result of examining the time when peak runoff took place, the relative errors of the Clark Model and the GIUH Model were 0.5~1 and 0~1 hour respectively, and as a whole, peak flood time calculated by the GIUH Model appeared later than that calculated by the traditional Clark Model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.705-709
• /
• 2005

수공분야에 매우 중요한 강우-유출 해석을 위해 미계측 유역이나 자료가 결핍된 유역에서 효과적으로 사용하는 GIUH모형을 이용하기 위해서는 지형$\cdot$지질특성, 토지피복상태, 유역의 하천 분기특성 등이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지형학적 인자를 추출하여 지형형태학적 특징과 Clark 단위도법을 이용하여 GIUH 모형을 보청천 유역의 산성지점에 비교하였다 그 결과 GIUH 모형을 이용한 수문곡선이 Clark 단위도법을 이용하여 작성한 수문곡선 보다 실측치와 유사한 결과가 나오는 것을 알 수 있었다.