• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.171-190
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• 2011

Shakespeare's plays deploy an interesting array of food signs in a way to illuminate the historical process of what Stephen Mennell has described as "the civilizing of appetite"-a process in which the changes of food choices and eating habits took place in response to the changes in people's way of life and personality structure over the long-term modern period since the middle ages. Shakespeare's plays suggest that the civilizing of appetite in early modern England was heavily affected by the forces of social mobility as well as the nascent market economy. The Capulets' costly preparation of Juliet's wedding banquet is a showcase of conspicuous consumption which was a structural necessity for the ruling class in Shakespeare's time. Some fifteen years later, the same kinds of foodstuffs are included in a shepherd's shopping list for the sheepshearing festival in Winter's Tale. This is a significant coincidence to prove that food was an important source of emulation and contest among different social classes; and that the rich diet of the upper class gave impetus to social mobility. The Elizabethan subjects, especially among the elite noblemen, were interpellated by the ideology of food that equated the quality of food and the eater's social identity. Faced with bankruptcy as a consequence of his extravagant consumption habit, Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice testifies to the gripping ideology of food onto early modern people, while Poor Tom in King Lear presents a comic parody of the rich people's conspicuous waste. Also in Coriolanus and The Merry Wives of Winsor, Shakespeare uses food as a metaphor for class-motivated social struggles.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 1978

The later part of the Lee-Dynasty was a period that marked an important turning point in the history of the modern communication system in our country. This paper proposes to research the historic process of initiation and development of the modern communication system in that period through the communication administrative organ and the installation of the wire communication lines such as wastward lines, southward lines and northward lines extended from Han Seung (Seoul) as well as the submarine cables from Korea to Japan. The modernization of the communication system in our country had been achieved in the struggle of national uprising spirits of Korean people against the invasive avarices of the neighbouring nations such as Japan and China. The initiation of the modern communication system played a leading role in civilizing our country. Thus the fair spirits of our forerunners who had schemed to develop the independent communication system should be valued enormously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.415-428
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• 2017

This article is a socio-cultural research on the fitness members by employing an original synthesis of the work of Elias and Bourdieu. The purpose of this research is to provide a multidimensional and in-depth analysis of fitness members, by researching the relationship between body groups with differing economic and cultural capital (e.g. Gangnam and Gangbuk, private and public center). Through interviews and participant observation, the established and outsider relations of fitness members in both Gangnam and Gangbuk are examined (Gangnam 12: Gangbuk 12). Participants in social space differentiated by fitness capital and socio-economic positions gather in certain spaces that identify them as members of the same class location: the established body in Gangnam (Gangnam E), the outsider body in Gangnam (Gangnam O), the established body in Gangbuk (Gangbuk E), and the outsider body in Gangbuk (Gangbuk O). The E-O figuration of the body in fitness clubs shows differences in their body tastes and habitus (selecting a fitness centre, body ostentation, social assessment, making muscles, participation in other sports) and civilizing process (fitness manners and etiquette). The fitness centers in Gangnam and Gangbuk were not simply spaces for exercise but symbolic spaces that both recreate and perpetuate socio-cultural hierarchies between members.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2011

As Korean society was changed from the traditional into the modern and once again is transforming into high modern society, meanings of leisure also are changing. However there were not many researches on changes of the two and even those were rarely found that leisure studies are based on theories in Korean academic context. The study provides changes of meanings of leisure from the theory of civilizing process and a detailed and critical examination of crises of Korean national identities in globalising society. As such reminds us that at a time changing structure of psyche and society delivers a new approach to our evaluation and appreciation of leisure. During the modernizing of Korean society work was a top priority and leisure could not take any priority over all other social institutions. However in a globalising world leisure has been taking as a vital sources of Korean dynamics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.51-63
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• 2020

This study analyzed newspaper reports in the United States and South Korea that focused on Parasite's unprecedented performance at the 2020 Academy Awards. The research focused on the power relationship between 'the established and the outsiders (Elias & Scotson, 1994)' as represented by the Academy Awards and Parasite, respectively. Qualitative content analysis and text analysis were conducted to examine the reporting of American and South Korean newspapers and illuminate three aspects of the power relations between the Academy Awards and Parasite. Three major findings were derived. First, the Academy traditionally has a reputation for marginalizing films with a non-English or Asian background, but recognition of Parasite at the 92nd ceremony changed the Academy's established position of power. Second, historically, the Academy Awards had been characterized by a group charisma that exerts stigmatization (through an English-oriented policy and language stigmatization) and accords North American films priority over non-English movies. Lastly, the reports of newspapers in the two countries are generally similar, but the Korean articles internalized the individual, society, and the state.