• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2002

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract(CRVP) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for Soothing the liver and regulating the circulation of qi(疏肝理氣), and promoting digestion and removing stagnated food(消積化滯). The effects of CRVP on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effects of CRVP on the pial arterial diameter and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in normal rats and ischemic cerebrovascular pathologic model rats. The changes in rCBF was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in pial arterial diameter were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited CRVP induced increased rCBF and pial arterial diameter. 3. Both the methylene chloride fraction and the hexane fraction of CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(MC) induced increased rCBF. 5. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(hexane) induced increased rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with CRVP maredly stabilized the changes rCBF and pial arterial diameter during the period of cerebral reperusion. In conclusion, CRVP causes a diverse response of rCBF and pial arterial diameter, and CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF and pial arterial diameter. These results suggest that the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.893-898
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• 2002

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract(CRVP) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for smoothing the liver and regulating the circulation of qi, and promoting digestion and removing stagnated food. The effects of CRVP on the inhibition of brain damage in cerebral ischemia is not known. Therefore, this Study was designed to investigate the cerebral protective effects of CRVP on the transient cerebral ischemia using modern techniques, and further to provide the possibility of scientification of oriental medicine. The size of cerebral infarct size was measured by morphometry, and brain edema was measured by morphometry and brain water content determination. The results were a$ follows ; 1. Water fraction of CRVP was reduced infect area of rats brain slices which were subjected to a transient cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Methylene chloride fraction and hexane fraction of CRVP was significantly reduced infarct area of rats brain slices which were subjected to a transient cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Methylene chloride fraction and hexane fraction of CRVP was significantly reduced infarct volume of rats brain which was subjected to a transient cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. 4. Methylene Chloride fraction and hexane fraction of CRVP was significantly decreased brain edema induced by a transient cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. 5. Methylene chloride fraction and hexane fraction of CRVP was significantly decreased brain water content of rats which were subjected to a transient cerebral ischemia. It is suggested that CRVP has an anti-ischemic effect through the inhibition of brain damage in a transient cerebral ischemia, and that in future further development of main effective constituent in CRVP can provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.40-54
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• 2015

Objectives : In the theory of Korean medicine, Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium (CRVP) can soothe the liver to break qi stagnation, eliminate mass and relieve dyspepsia. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of CRVP on the apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells. Methods : In the present experiment, the effects of CRVP on proliferation rates, type of cell death, cell cycle distribution, and intracellular oxidative stress were investigated using MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. In addition, the effects on expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax and Bcl-2 were also investigated. Results : Treatment with CRVP decreased proliferation rates in a dose dependent manner. ID50 (50% inhibitory dosage) was 175.4 μg/ml. In the CRVP treated group, cell volumes showed smaller than non-treated normal. In addition, CRVP increased percentage of apoptotic and sub G1 arrested cells respectively. 200 μg/ml of CRVP treatment increased intracellular ROS level significantly. Finaly the expression level of caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were elevated by treatment with CRVP respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that CRVP can trigger intrinsic apoptotic pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.329-342
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• 2000

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CRVP) is being used to regulate the flow of Q(氣) However, the mechanism of it's pharmacological actions is not well understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of CRVP contractil response of isolated on abdominal and femoral artery in rabbits and renal artery in pigs. 1. Abdominal artery was relaxed by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Femoral artery was relaxed by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner 3. Pretreatment with methylene blue and indomethacin did not inhibited CRVP induced relax in abdominal artery and femoral artery. 4. Renal artery was relaxed by $H_{2}O$ fraction in a dose-dependent manner, 5. Pretreatment with regitine inhibited $H_{2}O$ fraction(CRVP) induced relax in renal artery in a dose-dependent manner. 6. Renal artery was not relaxed by hexane fraction(CRVP) in a dose-dependent manner. 7. Pretreatment with regitine$(10^{-7}M)$ was relaxed by methylene chloride(MC)(CRVP) and $H_{2}O$ fraction in a $0.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.