• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-921
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• 2024

Industry 5.0 puts forward higher requirements for smart cities, including low-carbon, sustainable, and people-oriented, which pose challenges to the design of smart cities. In response to the above challenges, this study introduces the cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) and parallel system theory into the design of smart cities, and constructs a smart city framework based on parallel system theory. On this basis, in order to enhance the security of smart cities, a sustainable patrol subsystem for smart cities has been established. The intelligent patrol system uses a drone platform, and the trajectory planning of the drone is a key problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, a mathematical model was established that considers various objectives, including minimizing carbon emissions, minimizing noise impact, and maximizing coverage area, while also taking into account the flight performance constraints of drones. In addition, an improved metaheuristic algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was designed for trajectory planning of patrol drones. Finally, a digital environmental map was established based on real urban scenes and simulation experiments were conducted. The results show that compared with the other three metaheuristic algorithms, the algorithm designed in this study has the best performance.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-135
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• 2004

This study aims to analyze the oral health status of the elderly. Study subjects were 9,340 elderly aged over 65 who took the health examination (the first) for the local insured when the National Health Insurance Corporation carried out its survey from January to December, 2002. The subjects took an oral examination and filled in the questionnaire. Major results from the analysis are as follows: 1. Analysis of Oral Health Behavior For oral health behavior, 38.2％ of total subjects had visited a dental hospital (or clinic) in the last one year in the order of the elderly of big cities (48.3％), the elderly of medium cities (43.9％), and the elderly of rural areas (29.0％)(P<0.001). Elderly men had a higher rate than elderly women, and the younger age had a higher rate(P<0.01). For experience of oral prophylaxis, 12.3％ of the total elderly had experienced it in the order of the elderly of big cities (18.8％), the elderly of medium cities (16.0％), and the elderly of rural areas (6.4％) (P<0.001). For elderly men, the younger age had a higher rate of oral prophylaxis. The number of toothbrushing in order was twice(47.5％), once (26.7％), three times (25.0％), and none (0.7％). The younger age brushed their teeth more often (P<0.001). 2. Analysis of Oral Health Status The rate of caries was 10.6％ of the elderly surveyed. By area, the elderly of rural areas had a higher rate of caries than the elderly of cities (p<0.001) and elderly men were higher than elderly women (p<0.001). By age, many elderly aged over 80 had more than two caries. For missing teeth, the elderly of rural areas had a higher rate than the elderly of cities (p<0.001) and the older age had a higher rate(p<0.001). The rate of periodontal disease was 43.2％ of the total elderly. By area, the elderly of big cities (46.2％) had a higher rate of periodontal disease than the elderly of medium cities (39.4％) and rural areas (43.6％)(p<0.001), and elderly men (46.4％) were higher than elderly women (40.2％)(p<0.001). By age, the lower age had a higher rate of peridontal disease (p<0.001). Dental abrasion was observed in 16.9％ of the total elderly. The elderly of cities (21.0％) had a higher rate than the elderly of rural areas (12.0％)(p<0.001) and elderly men (21.3％) were higher than elderly women (12.8％)(p<0.001). Also the lower age had more dental abrasion symptoms (p<0.001). For needing a denture, the rate among the elderly was 48.5％ and was higher for the elderly of rural areas(20.9％), than the elderly of big cities(7.0％) and medium cities (10.5％)(p<0.001). For the rate of denture wearing, the elderly of rural areas(41.8％) were higher than the elderly of big cities (27.7％) and medium cities (28.2％ )(p<0.001). For the relation of drinking and smoking to oral health, the elderly who had a higher frequency of drinking, had a higher rate of caries (p<0.001)periodontal disease(p<0.001) and missing teeth(p<0.001) Smokers had a higher rate of caries (p<0.001), periodontal disease (p<0.05), and missing teeth (p<0.001) than nonsmokers.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.119-128
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• 2020

ISO/TC 268, IEC Systems Committee on Smart Cities, ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11, and ITU-T SG 20 have been developing smart city-related standards since 2013. ISO/TC 268 and ITU-T SG 20 have provided various and lots of smart city standards relatively. In this paper, the status of the standardization activities of ITU-T SG 20, the IEC Systems Committee on Smart Cities, ISO/TC 268, and ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11 is reviewed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-219
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• 1993

This paper analyzes how a social status is symbolized by clothing in Charles Dickens' novel 「The Tale of Two Cities」. The result shows that clothing symbols of he upper class people are splendid, perfect, good material, beautiful, younger looking, and fashionable. Meanwhile, those on the middle class people are neat, unpretentious, simple, practical, following fashion, and graceful. Finally, those on the lower class people are unfitted, disordered, careless, worn and shabby, unclean, disharmonious, coarse, and uniform.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

In these days, international Ubiquitous Cities are being developed in many places, and their settings, aims, designs, organizations, and functionality differ among many different kinds of solutions and systems. This paper has been based on quantitative and qualitative research, and used lots of relevant data and information. Even though Ubiquitous cities are generally conceived as local information infrastructures and as a means for enhancing democratic participation, users primarily appreciate it as a tool for communication. We also observed among others, how cyberspace reproduces the dynamics of established and outsiders, which inclines us to think that virtual public is not as open as is often claimed. However, Ubiquitous cities will always offer you more comfortable life than ever from now on.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

This paper examines the climatic and technical feasibilities of zero energy buildings in Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore and Riyadh. Annual and seasonal energy demands of office buildings of various scales in the above cities were compared. Using optimally tilted rooftop PV panels, solar energy production potentials of the buildings were estimated. Based on the estimates of onsite renewable energy production and building energy consumption, the energy self-sufficiencies of the test buildings were assessed. The economic feasibilities of the PV systems in the four locations were analyzed. Strategies for achieving zero energy buildings are suggested.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

Making Inclusive Cities is a new urban agenda for better future cities. Inclusive cities should be conceptualized from multidimensional viewpoints including various academic disciplines beyond a single discipline such as urban planning/design and urban engineering which are primary disciplines to have handled urban challenges. The aim of this research is to propose diverse approaches to examine the concept of the inclusive city. This study examines the inclusive city from the lens of co-evolution, social exclusion, inclusiveness, and amenity, looking forward to more academic attempts to investigate this worldwide urban agenda.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-73
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• 1999

An examination is made of container movements, air cargo/passengers and telecommunications traffic in Northeast Asia during 1995. A drawback to studying flows between major cities is that information on telecommunications traffic is only available between countries. Also container traffic data are restricted to individual ports. Consequently, most attention is paid to movements of passenger aircraft between major cities derived from analysing timetables, particularly as they can be related to regional development concepts applied in Europe such as the 'blue banana' and 'bunches of grapes' concepts. A 'peas in a pod' may be a more appropriate movements are examined again in 1998 to gauge the impact of the Asian crisis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2008

Since the atmospheric clearness index is main factor for evaluating global-dimming of atmosphere environment, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the major cities in Korea. We have begun collecting clearness index data since 1982 at 16 different cities and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each city. The new clearness data for global-dimming analysis will be extensively used by evaluating atmospheric environment as well as by solar PV application system designer or users. From the results, we can conclude that 1) Yearly mean 61.9 % of the atmospheric clearness index was evaluated for clear day all over 2) A significant difference of atmospheric clearness index is observed between 1982-1989 and1990-1997, 1998-2005 through 16 different cities in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.66-71
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• 2003

This study investigates the spatial patterns of distributed population in terms of population density, age structure, sex structure and family structure in Chou (smallest political city boundaries) of seven cities of Kitakawachi region. This displays the population dynamics of those cities from 1955 to 1995. It demonstrates how the populations of the cities are distributed with topography and with respect to the train stations. The demographic characteristics of the cities are visualized utilizing Arc View GIS capabilities with new visualizing technique in 3D environment based on data from Pasco Digital Map 2000.