• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.924-931
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• 2002

Vacuum interrupters in order to be used in various switch-gear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spread the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrodes of vacuum interrupters are made of sinter-forged Cu-Cr materials for good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Since the closing velocity is 1-2m/s and impact deformation of the electrode depends on the strain rate at that velocity, the dynamic behavior of the sinter-forged Cu-Cr is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at the high strain rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test using disc-type specimens. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests are Interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of the electrodes. The impact characteristics of a vacuum interrupter are investigated with computer simulations by changing the value of five parameters such as the initial velocity of a movable electrode, the added mass of a movable electrode, the wipe spring constant, initial offset of a wipe spring and the virtual fixed spring constant.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1305-1317
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• 2015

Distributed generation systems (DGSs) have been getting more and more attention in terms of renewable energy use and new generation technologies in the past decades. The self-excited induction generator (SEIG) occupies an important role in the area of energy conversion due to its low cost, robustness and simple control. Unlike synchronous generators, the SEIG has to absorb capacitive reactive power from the outer device aiming to stabilize the terminal voltage at load changes. This paper presents a novel static VAR compensator (SVC) called a magnetic energy recovery switch (MERS) to serve as a voltage controller in SEIG powered DGSs. In addition, many small scale SEIGs, instead of a single large one, are applied and devoted to promote the generation efficiency. To begin with, an expandable mathematic model based on a d-q equivalent circuit is created for parallel SEIGs. The control method of the MERS is further improved with the objective of broadening its operating range and restraining current harmonics by parameter optimization. A hybrid control strategy is developed by taking both of the stand-alone and grid-connected modes into consideration. Then simulation and experiments are carried out in the case of single and double SEIG(s) generation. Finally, the measurement results verify that the proposed DGS with SVC-MERS achieves a better stability and higher feasibility. The major advantages of the mentioned variable reactive power supplier, when compared to the STATCOM, include the adoption of a small DC capacitor, line frequency switching, simple control and less loss.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1678-1688
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• 2017

Infiltration is one of detrimental problems occurring in nursing or medical settings. Early detection of infiltration is essential to minimize the risk of injury from infiltration. To perform a preliminary study on the point of care and automated infiltration detection system, bioelectrical impedance was investigated using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. We would like to report experimental results that allow impedance parameters to effectively distinguish infiltration. Electrodes were attached to both sides of the transparent dressing on the fusion site where IV solution was being infused. Then, impedance parameters before and after infiltration were measured as a function of time and frequency. The experimental results are as follows. After infiltration was intentionally induced by puncturing the vein wall with a needle, the resistance gradually decreased with time. That is, when an alternating current having a frequency of 20 kHz was applied to the electrodes, the resistance gradually decreased with time, reflecting the accumulation of IV solution in the extracellular fluid since the current could not pass through the cell membrane. Impedance parameters and equivalent circuit model for human cell were used to examine the mechanism of current flow before and after infiltration, which could be used for early detection of infiltration.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 IGBT PWM 인버터 구동 유도전동기 고정자 권선에서의 스위칭 써지전압 분포특성을 분석하였다. 고정자 권선의 턴 및 코일간의 전압분포를 해석하기 위하여 케이블을 포함한 유도전동기의 등가모델을 제안하고, 유한요소법을 이용하여 고주파 파라메타를 산출하였다 또한, 유도전동기, IGBT PWM 인버터 및 케이블등에 대한 전체 시스템의 EMTP 시뮬레이션을 통하여 인버터 상승시간, 케이블 길이 및 스위칭 주파수 등의 영향에 따른 전압분포를 분석하였다. 380[V], 50[HP] 유도전동기 고정자 권선을 대상으로 한 전압분포 특성실험을 통하여 인버터용 전동기 설치 및 과전압 억제용 필터 설계시의 유용한 자료를 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 코일스프링의 동적 거동 분석을 위해 스프링 릴리즈 시험기를 설계하고 시험을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션을 위해 집중 매개변수 스프링모델을 개발하였다. 실험계획법을 이용하여 코일스프링의 설계변수들을 최적화하였다. 2수준의 요인배치법을 사용하여 설계변수들의 민감도와 교호작용을 분석하였다. 민감도와 교호작용 분석결과를 통해 설계변수의 수준을 재배열하였다. 혼합수준 요인배치법을 이용하여 설계변수를 최적화 하였다. 최적설계 결과에 따르면, 스프링 조작기의 성능이 2.90 % 개선되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1269-1275
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 구조적으로 비 방사 유전체 로트만 렌즈에 적절한 갭 결합된 단향성 유전체 방사체를 안테나단으로 갖는 비방사 유전체 로트만 렌즈를 설계하였다. 비방사 유전체 로트만 렌즈는 어레이 팩터의 부엽의 최소화를 위해서 최적화 설계되었고 단향성 유전체 방사체의 공진기와 갭의 길이와 같은 설계 파라미터는 차단 영역 도파관의 등가회로 모델을 이용하여 계산하였다. 동작 주파수는 38 GHz이고 시뮬레이션 되어진 단향성 유전체 방사체의 결과(산란 행렬, 방사 패턴)는 측정되어진 결과와 일치함을 보였다. 단향성 유전체 방사체 안테나단을 포함한 다중빔 피드인 로트만 렌즈의 방사 패턴은 측정되어진 갭 결합된 단향성 유전체 방사체의 방사 패턴에 로트만 렌즈의 최적화된 어레이 팩터를 곱해서 구하였다. 구해진 전체 방사 패턴에서 -60 dB 이상 부엽이 억제되어짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2019

The flyback converter, which can be regarded as a nonlinear time-varying system, has complex dynamics and nonlinear behaviors. These phenomena can affect the stability of the converter. To simplify the modeling process and retain the information of the output capacitor branch, a special sampled-data model of a peak current-mode (PCM) controlled flyback converter is established in this paper. Based on this, its dynamic behaviors are analyzed, which provides guidance for designing the circuit parameters of the converter. With the critical stability boundary equation derived by a Jacobian matrix, the stable operation range with a varied output capacitor, proportional coefficient of error the amplifier, input voltage, reference voltage and slope of the compensation ramp of a PCM controlled flyback converter are investigated in detail. Research results show that the duty ratio should be less than 0.5 for a PCM controlled flyback converter without ramp compensation to operate in a stable state. The stability regions in the parameter space between the output capacitor and the proportional coefficient of the error amplifier are enlarged by increasing the input voltage or by decreasing the reference voltage. Furthermore, the ramp compensation also can extend to the stable region. Finally, time-domain simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2021

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are widely employed in sensors, biomedical devices, optic sectors, and micro-accelerometers. New reinforcement materials such as carbon nanotubes as well as graphene platelets provide stiffer structures with controllable mechanical specifications by changing the graphene platelet features. This paper deals with buckling analyses of functionally graded graphene platelets micro plates with two piezoelectric layers subjected to external applied voltage. Governing equations are based on Kirchhoff plate theory assumptions beside the modified couple stress theory to incorporate the micro scale influences. A uniform temperature change and external electric field are regarded along the micro plate thickness. Moreover, an external in-plane mechanical load is uniformly distributed along the micro plate edges. The Hamilton's principle is employed to extract the governing equations. The material properties of each composite layer reinforced with graphene platelets of the considered micro plate are evaluated by the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The governing equations are solved by the Navier's approach for the case of simply-supported boundary condition. The effects of the external applied voltage, the material length scale parameter, the thickness of the piezoelectric layers, the side, the length and the weight fraction of the graphene platelets as well as the graphene platelets distribution pattern on the critical buckling temperature change and on the critical buckling in-plane load are investigated. The outcomes illustrate the reduction of the thermal buckling strength independent of the graphene platelets distribution pattern while meanwhile the mechanical buckling strength is promoted. Furthermore, a negative voltage, -50 Volt, strengthens the micro plate stability against the thermal buckling occurrence about 9% while a positive voltage, 50 Volt, decreases the critical buckling load about 9% independent of the graphene platelet distribution pattern.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.879-886
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 저전압 차동 신호(Low-Voltage Differential Signaling, LVDS) 전송방식의 응용을 위한 차동 전송 접속 경로의 분석 및 설계 최적화 방법을 제안한다. 차동 전송 경로 및 저전압 스윙 방법의 발전으로 인해 LVDS 방식은 데이터 통신 분야, 고해상도 디스플레이 분야, 평판 디스플레이 분야에서 매우 적은 소비전력, 개선된 잡음 특성 및 고속 데이터 전송률을 제공한다. 본 논문은 차동 유연성 인쇄회로 보드(flexible printed circuit board, FPCB) 전송선에서 선폭, 선두께 및 선 간격과 같은 전송선 설계 변수들의 최적화 기법을 이용하여 직렬 접속된 전송선에서 발생하는 임피던스 부정합과 신호왜곡을 감소시키기 위해 개선 모델과 새로이 개발된 수식을 제안한다. 이러한 차동 FPCB 전송선의 고주파 특성을 평가하기 위해 주파수 영역에서 전파(full-wave) 전자기 시뮬레이션, 시간영역 시뮬레이션 및 S 파라미터 시뮬레이션을 각각 수행하였다. $17.5{\mu}m$과 $35{\mu}m$의 전송선의 경우, 전극 폭에서의 약 10% 변화가 차동 임피던스에서의 약 6%와 5.6%의 변화를 각각 보였으나, 전송선 간 간격은 차동 및 특성 임피던스에서의 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 전송선 간격이 증가할수록 상호 인덕턴스 및 커패시턴스가 감소하기 때문에 누화 잡음을 감소시키기 위해 신호 전송선간의 간격을 $180{\mu}m$ 이상 유지 해야함을 확인하였다.