• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

Purpose - Naver has emerged as a new leader in the open market. While existing open markets such as Gmarket, 11th Street, and so on are suffering from profitability deterioration, Naver is attracting sellers based on low commission and powerful search engine. We would like to analyze the impact of Naver shopping on the national economy, especially on employment, in a situation where the market reaction to Naver's strength as a leader in online shopping is mixed. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Through the demand inducing inter-industry analysis, we estimate the employment inducement effect by Naver shopping from its shopping transaction. In turn, through the supply inducing inter-industry analysis, we estimate the employment inducement effect by Naver shopping from its low commission and powerful search engine. For the purpose of inter-industry analysis, as of 2018, the most recently announced 2014 inter-industry table (extension table) from the Bank of Korea is used. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, Naver Shopping is expected to generate 7.8 trillion won's trade in 2018, resulting in 244,225 of job inducement, and 158,598 of employment inducement. In addition, Naver Shopping is estimated to benefit KRW 213 billion to its sellers due to low commission and powerful search function, resulting in 8,667 of job inducement, and 5,655 of employment inducement. Second, in terms of job inducement and employment inducement due to Naver Shopping's trade, transportation, business support service, information and communication, broadcasting, restaurants and lodging were ranked. Third, in terms of job inducement and employment inducement due to Naver Shopping's low commission and powerful search function, restaurants and hospitality, f/b and cigarette manufacturing, construction, and transportation equipment manufacturing were ranked. Conclusions - The number of job inducement resulting from low commission and powerful search engine of Naver shopping in 2018 was 8,667 (3.7% of 244,225, which was caused by transaction in Naver shopping in 2018), and employment inducement was 5,655 (3.7% of 158,598, which was caused by transaction in Naver shopping in 2018), which can be considered as additional employment impacts of Naver Shopping compared to the other online shopping operators.

• 대한간호
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• 제22권1호통권119호
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• pp.47-64
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• 1983

간호원은 비록 그가 양호교사가 아니라고 하더라도 그가 처한 위치에서 거의 매일 건강교육을 실시하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 그러한 비정규직 교육은 상황에 따라 간호활동의 대상자들에게 수시로 별 준비 없이 실시한 경우도 있겠으나 효율적인 결과를 얻을 수 있는 체계적인 보건교육은 구체적인 학습목적과 교육과정이 교육적으로 미리 계획되어 있어야만 가능하다고 할 것이다. 양호교사의 기본적인 역할이 학교 구성원들의 건강증진과 질병예방에 있으며 효율적인 건강교육을 통하여 이러한 목적을 달성한다고 할 때, 양호교사는 자신을 그 학교공동체의 주된 건강교육자로 이해하고 학교에서 이루어지는 모든 보건교육 과정에 적극적인 참여를 하여야만 한다. 그러한 역할중의 하나는 보건에 관한 수업을 실시하는 학과목 교사나 담임교사들이 건강교육에 관련한 협의를 양호교사에게 요청하도록 적극적인 건강교육환경을 학교 내에 조성하여야 하는 일과 중요한 건강주제에 대하여서는 양호교사가 직접 수업을 교실에서 이끌어야 하는 것일 것이다. 이 논문에서 다룬 보건교육 교안 연구는 양호교사에게 또 건강에 관한 주제를 가지고 수업을 하는 일반교사에게 중학생의 건강교육 과정의 한 모델로써 사용하는데 도움이 될 것으로 본다. 건강교육 프로그램을 질병예방, 건강증진에 초점을 두어 설계한다고 할 때 건강교육의 주된 방향은 대상자 하나 하나의 생활에서 건강을 위한 바람직한 행위를 생활화하도록 하는 것이다. 이 목적을 학교에서 달성하기 위해서는 건강교육 프로그램을 통하여 학생들에게 건강에 대한 지식을 전달하고 그 지식 위에 건강을 위한 바람직한 행위를 하도록 동기를 부여하며 그러한 행위를 지속하도록 보강하는 것이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 사람들은 건강에 대한 지식이나 정보를 가지게 되면, 행위는, 그것에 상응하여 바람직하게 행할 것이라고 가정하기가 쉽다. 그리하여 건강에 대한 정보를 주는 것 건강교육을 했다고 간주하기도 한다. 그러나 실제적으로 건강을 위한 정보를 받고 지식을 가졌다 하더라도 바람직한 행위를 실천하지 않거나, 습관된 반건강 행위를 바꾸지 않는 경우가 많다. 그러므로 건강한 행위를 실천하기 위해서는 그에 대한 가치관이나 태도가 먼저 분명하게 세워져야 한다. 학생들의 경우에도 그 가치관이 확립되어야 하겠으므로 이를 위한 효과적인 교육방법이 제시된 교육안 모델이 있어야 할 것이다. 즉 건강문제에 대한 태도의 확립과 그에 따른 올바른 행위를 실천하도록 하기 위하여 구체적으로 치밀하게 계획된 건강교육 안이 연구되어 지는 것이 건강교육의 가장 중요한 과제중의 하나이다. 이 연구에서 제시하는 건강교육 프로그램에서는 많은 부분의 정보가 학생들 스스로에 의해서 수집되도록 하였다. 그렇게 함으로써 그들이 흡연에 관한 사실들을 스스로 명백하게 파악할 수 있었기 때문이다. 또한 소그룹 토의와 논쟁의 방법을 통해서 학생들이 흡연에 대해서 자신들의 생각하고 있는 것을 검토하여 올바른 판단을 하도록 하는 기회를 가질 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.362-373
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• 2018

본 연구는 남성 흡연자들의 금연에 대한 관심도와 그에 관련된 요인을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 D광역시청에 근무하고 있는 남성 공무원 중 조사시점에서 현재 흡연자인 593명으로 하였다. 조사는 2015년 10월에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문조사에 의하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도는 "관심 없음" 28.3%, "관심이 있으나 6개월 이내에 금연할 생각 없음" 45.7%, "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임" 26.0%로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 "고용형태", "최초 흡연 연령", "1일 흡연량(담배 개피 수)", "아침에 일어나서 첫 번째 담배를 피울 때까지 걸리는 시간", "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익"이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 금연에 대한 관심도가 "관심 없음"군보다 "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임"군에서 "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익" 및 "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 장애"가 높게 나타날 위험비가 유의하게 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 흡연에 의한 건강장애의 심각성의 인식이 금연에 대한 관심을 높이는 주요 요인이 되고 있음을 시사한다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1979

담배향기성분에는 영향을 미치지 않고 엽중(葉中)의 nicotine이 용매추출(溶媒抽出)로서 제거되는 효과를 규명하고 연기중의 tar, nicotine함량(含量) 및 무처리(無處理)와 처리(處理) 담배에 대한 이화학성(理化學性)을 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 3%알콜추출로 황색종잎담배의 전질소함량은 36.4%가 감소(減少)되었고 당(糖)은 감소(減少)되지 않았다. 2) 용액의 침지시간이 길수록 엽중(葉中)이 nicotine함량(含量)은 감소(減少)되었고 산성용액이나 알칼리성용액을 첨가한 용액에서도 대체로 같은 결과를 얻었다. 3) 열중량분석(DTG)골선은 담배성분중 $150^{\circ}{\sim}350^{\circ}C$에서 분해(分解)되거나 휘발되는 성분이 추출되었음을 나타냈다. 4) 3% 알콜용액 추출에서 (1) filling power는 황색종과 burley 각각 10%와 24%의 개선효과(改善效果)가 있었으며, (2) 연소성(燃燒性)은 burley와 황색종담배에 각각 3분과 2분이 단축되었으며, (3) nicotine의 감소율(減少率)은 burley와 황색종 담배에 각각 61.5%와 54.5%이었고, (4) tar의 감소율(減少率)은 burley와 황색종 담배에 각각 23%와 15%이였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and the level of heavy metals in the blood or urine of 216 local residents living near abandoned metal mines. Methods: Residents around abandoned metal mines were interviewed about their dietary habits, including seafood consumption, medical history, cigarette smoking, and drug history. Metal concentrations in the soil were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan). Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contents in the blood or urine were analyzed by GF-AAS (AA-6800, Shimadzu). Mercury (Hg) contents in the blood were determined by means of a mercury analyzer (SP-3DS, NIC). Arsenic (As) content in the soil and urine were measured by a HG-AAS (hydride vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometer). Results: The heavy metal concentrations in the soil showed a log normal distribution and the geometric means of the four villages were 8.61 mg/kg for Pb, 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 1.81 mg/kg for As and 0.035 mg/kg for Hg. The heavy metal levels of the 216 local residents showed a regular distribution for Pb, Cd, Hg in the blood and As in the urine. The arithmetic means were 3.37 ${\mu}g$/dl for Pb, 3.07 ${\mu}g$/l for Cd and 2.32 ${\mu}g$/l for Hg, 10.41 ${\mu}g$/l for As, respectively. Conclusions: As a result of multi-variate analysis for the affecting factors on the bodily heavy metal concentrations, gender and concentration in the soil (each, p<0.01) for blood lead levels; gender and smoking status (each, p<0.01) for blood cadmium levels; gender (p<0.01) for urine arsenic levels; gender, age and concentration in the soil (p<0.01) for blood mercury levels were shown to be the affecting factors.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the smoking patterns and their relevant factors of the public officials who are placed to guide people's way of thinking as conservative middle-income group and thereupon, provide for basic data which can be used to reduce the diseases and death rate caused by smoking in terms of preventive medicine. For this purpose, 170 public officials working for the government agencies located in seoul were surveyed for Jan. 10-Jan. 20, 1995. The results of survey can be analyzed/summarized as follows; 1. In terms of daily smoking frequencies, 50 officials $(29.4\%)$ are driven by stress to smoke. Among these offcials, 250nes $(50.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. Meanwhile, 22 officials $(12.9\%)$ answered that they smoke for pleasure and comfort, and among them 6 officials $(21.4\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 26 officials $(15.3\%)$ are found to be nicotine­addicted physically or psychologically, and to 10 of them $(35.7\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. On the other hand, 10 officials $(5.9\%)$ have habit of smoking and 4 of them $(40.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 2. Out of 50 officials $(24.9\%)$ who began smoking on impulse, 44 actually stopped smoking, and the rest 6 officials did not even implement their plan. In view of successful cigarette-stopping, only 8 officials $(15.4\%)$ out of 44 impulse-driven smokers succeeded in stopping cigarettes, while the rest 36 failed all. Meanwhile, out of those 84 officials $(64.6\%)$. Who smoked for reduced stress, 28 ones succeeded, while the rest 56 ones failed. Out of 20 officials who were nicotine-addicted but attempted to stop smoking, only 2 smokers succeeded and the rest 18 were all failures. 3. Factors involving smoking and Their patterns 1) By age group (30's, 40's and 50's), the smoking patterns can be grouped into stress-removing, nocotine-addictive and habitual ones, respectively. 2) By acadeic background, our officials smoke on impulse or due to nocotine addition. 3) The length of career is co-related with nicotine addition. 4) The ownership of house is related with smoking for comfort or less stress. 5) The number of children is related with impulse-driven smoking or smoking for comfort.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.189-205
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• 2003

The purpose： This study was to get database of health service for smoking prevention through investigating the state of the students' experience, knowledge and attitude on smoking. Method： The subjects were cosisted of 545 students who were currently enrolled in 3, 4, 5 and 6th grade of 4 primary school in J community. The instruments for this study were Smoking Knowledge and Smoking Attitude questionaire (40 items) developed by WHO(l982). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOY A and Chi- square test with SAS program were used to analyze the data. Result： Among the students 10.8％ answered they had the experience of smoking, while 0.5％ said they are current smokers. The experience of smoking related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to sex, grade and received or not received of smoking exhort. With regard to smokers smoking behavior, first beginning time of smoking was most by 29.8％ preschooler and the first motive of smoking was most by 80.8％ curiosity. The main smoking area is most by 31.1 ％ own house or friend's house. The main purchase route of tobacco appeared by thing which house(father or brother's tobacco) most by 34.9％. Smoking period was most less than 1 day and smoking frequency was most stops while bum sometimes. The amount for a day was less than one cigarette. Smoking time was appeared highest when curiosity occurs. Students' knowledge level about smoking prevention is high comparatively to mean 15.44(±2.66). Smoking prevention knowledge level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to the grade, academic score and learned or not of smoking prevention. Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention knowledge level is high in students who results high grade, high academic score level and learned of smoking prevention. Students' attitude level about smoking prevention was high level to mean 55.90(±3.58). Smoking prevention attitude level related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to academy score and received or not of smoking exhort(t＝2.33, p＝.020). Therefore, was expose that the smoking prevention attitude level is high in students who result high academic score level and received of smoking exhort group. Conclusion： It follows from this study that education for smoking prevention should be continued from lower grade students and teaching for refusal skill against smoking is needed.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-109
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• 1998

This study was carried out to identify the Important modifiable risk factors for reduced bone mass and to construct prediction model which can classify women with either low or high bone mass. Through the literature review, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, education level, family history, age of menarche, postmenopausal period, gravity, parity, menopausal status, and breast feeding period were identified and factors of life style such as past milk consumption, past physical activity, present daily activity, present calcium intake, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption were identified as influencing factors of reduced bone mass in women. Four hundred and eighty women aged between 28 and 76 who had given measurement bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absortiometry in lumbar vertebrae and femur from July to October, 1997 at 4 general hospitals in Seoul and Pusan were selected for this study. Women were excluded if they had a history of any chronic illness such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, hyperthroidism, & gastrointestinal disorder and any medication such as calcium supplements, calcitonin, estrogen, thyroxine, antacids, & corticosteroids known affect bone. As a result of these exclusion criteria, four hundred and seventeen women were used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression model was developed for estimating the likelihood of the presence or absence of reduced bone mass. A SAS procedure was used to estimate risk factor coefficient. The results are as follows For lumbar spine, the variables significant were age, body weight, menopause status, daily activity, past milk consumption, and past physical activity(p<0.01), while for femoral Ward's triangle, age, body weight, level of education, past milk consumption, past physical activity(p<0.001). Past physical activity, present daily activity and past milk consumption are the most powerful modifiable predictors in vertebrae and femur among the predictors. When the model performance was evaluated by comparing the observed outcome with predicted outcome, the model correctly identified 74.1% of persons with reduced bone mass and 84.5% of persons with normal bone mass in the lumbar vertebrae and 82.9% of persons with reduced bone mass and 75.0% of persons with normal bone mass in the femoral Ward's triangle. On the basis of these results, a number of recommendations for the management of reduced bone mass may be made : First, those woman who are classified as high risk group of the reduced bone mass in the prediction model should examine the bone mineral density to further examine the usefulness of this model. Second, the optimal amount of milk consumption and a regular weight bearing exercise in childhood, adolescence, and early adult should be ensured.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare the bone mineral density and risk factors of osteoporosis between normal and rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women. Sixty-eight postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) were compared with 124 postmenopausal normal women. Data were collected from october, 1998 to April, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. From all subjects, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption, exercise, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption were identified as influencing factors of osteoporosis by questionnaire. From RA patients, health assessment score, Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and steroid dosage were measured by rheumatologist on measuring bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was measured at the Lumbar spine, femoral neck, femur Ward's triangle, and femur trochanter using dual x-ray absorptiometry. The data was analyzed by using a frequency, t-test, Chi-square, ANCOVA with SPSS PC program. The results could be summarized as follows : 1) There was a significant difference in age and breast feeding period between RA patients and normal women. 2) RA patients took less calcium in the past and practiced less regular exercise in past and present than normal women. 3) There was no difference in lumbar bone mineral density between RA patients and normal women. 4) There was a significant difference in femur Ward's triangle and femur trochanter between RA patients and normal women after adjustment for age and breast feeding period. 5) The prevalence of osteoporosis of all subjects was the highest in femur Ward's triangle. In summary, our findings suggest that the bone mineral densities of femur Ward's triangle and trochanter in postmenopausal women with RA is significantly lower than normal women. Also the exercise participation rate of postmenopausal women with RA is lower than normal women. For the further study, we recommend to develop exercise program that improve the bone mineral density in femur Ward's triangle and trochanter and to test the effect of that exercise program.