• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

목적: 이 실험의 목적은 장석계 도재에 항균성을 부여하기 위해 은을 다양한 농도로 첨가하였을 때, 은 첨가가 장석계 도재의 색조에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 대조군은 은을 포함하지 않은 일반 장석계 도재를 이용하고, 은이 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%의 농도로 첨가된 장석계 도재를 4개의 실험군으로 하여 총 5개의 그룹을 이용하였고, 각 그룹당 각 5개씩 디스크 형태로 시편을 제작하였다. 각 시편은 색차계를 이용하여 L, a, b값을 2번씩 측정하였다. 각 값은 SPSS를 이용하여 일원분산 통계 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 은의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 각 그룹간 L값은 거의 비슷하였고, a값은 점차 증가하고, b값은 점점 감소하는 양상을 보여주었다. 은의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 ${\Delta}E$ 값은 유의하게 증가하였다. 5% 은 이온이 함유된 도재와 10%의 은 이온이 함유된 도재는 ${\Delta}E$값이 3.7 이하였다. 결론: 장석계 도재에 은을 첨가하는 것은 도재의 색조에 영향을 준다. 하지만 10% 이하의 이온을 첨가한 장석계 도재는 임상적으로 받아들여질만 하다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2015

The effects of quality grade and storage time on physicochemical, sensory properties and microbial population of Hanwoo striploin beef were investigated. After a total of 30 Hanwoo beef were slaughtered, the cold carcasses were graded by official meat grader at 24 h postmortem. The carcasses were categorized into five groups (quality grade 1++, 1+, 1, 2, and 3) and were vacuum-packaged and stored. The samples were kept for 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 d for analyses. As the quality grade was increased, moisture, protein and ash contents decreased (p<0.05). Higher quality grade corresponded with higher fat contents. The shear force values decreased with increasing quality grade and showed decreases sharply during the first 4 d (p<0.05). pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and volatile basic nitrogen for grade 1++ groups were lower than for grade 3 (p<0.05). CIE L* and b* values increased as increased quality grade (p<0.05). Meat color decreased until 13 d and fluctuated after 15 d of storage (p<0.05). Regarding the sensory scores, higher quality grade corresponded with higher juiciness, tenderness, flavor, fatty and palatability scores (p<0.05). Generally, increased storage time for 15 d improved sensory scores attributes. Results indicate that a high quality grade could positively influence physicochemical and sensory properties.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.348-360
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• 2015

Objectives From observing the tongue of a patient, one can assess the health status; this method has been frequently used in traditional Korean Medicine (KM) clinics. In particular, KM posits that the color of the tongue is highly related to digestive functions. In this study, the color of tongue and heart rate variability (HRV) were compared between chronic dyspepsia (CD) patients and healthy subjects. Methods Healthy subjects and CD patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or chronic gastritis (CG) were enrolled for the study. Profile view images of the tongue were acquired by using a computerized tongue image acquisition system (CTIS). The color of the tongue body was extracted from the non-coated region on the tongue images. Results Color differences in CIE L*a*b* color space between the three sub-types of CD patients and healthy subjects were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis with age and sex as the factors. The variable b* was significantly lower in GERD patients than in the controls (p=0.017). Variable a* was significantly lower in CG than in the controls (p=0.03). No significant difference was seen between FD and controls. In GERD, the tongue body seems to be intense red in color; in CG, pale red. Frequency domain analysis showed that HF was significantly lower in GERD patients than in the controls (p=0.041). Conclusions The color of the tongue body and HF of HRV can be used for diagnosing digestive functions in health care.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and microbial quality of loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and top round (m. Semimembranosus) in Holstein veal produced from two slaughter age groups (5 and 8 months of age). A total of 20 Holstein calves were randomly selected from a local cattle farm. The slaughtered cold carcasses were vacuum-packaged. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition and physicochemical analyses and stored for 1, 7, 10, 20 and 30 days for microbiological analyses. Fat and protein contents of loin for the 8 month group were higher than those for the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). For both loin and top round muscles, the pH, cooking loss and the shear force values for the 5 month group was higher than those for the 8 month group (p < 0.05). On the other hands, the water-holding capacity (WHC) for the 8 month group was higher than those for the 5 month group (p < 0.05). In terms of meat color, CIE $L^*$ (lightness) for both muscle were higher in the 5 month group than in the 8 month groups. On the other hands, $a^*$ (redness) were higher in the 8 month group than in the 5 month groups (p < 0.05). Total aerobic counts in all samples remained up to 30 days at values less than 7 log CFU/g. However, there was no significant difference for both muscles between the two age groups. The results indicate that Holstein muscles from the 8 month group had desirable quality properties than those from the 5 month group.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface finishing processes on the color stabilities of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics, and resin nanoceramics after artificial ageing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 216 samples were prepared from 3 different CAD/CAM materials (LAVA Ultimate, IPS e.max CAD, VITA Suprinity) with A1 HT color at a size of 14 × 12 mm and a thickness of 0.5 ± 0.05 mm. Color measurements of the samples were performed with a spectrophotometer using color parameters and CIE Lab color system on a gray backing between baseline color and after 5000 cycles of artificial ageing in 4 stages (i.e. the first measurement before the treatment, the second measurement after polishing, the third measurement after cement application, and the fourth measurement after artificial ageing). The results were evaluated using the Variance analysis and Fisher's LSD test. RESULTS. Resin nanoceramics (LU) exhibited higher color change values than zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (VS) and lithium disilicate (EC) ceramics after artificial ageing. Manual polishing and glazing resulted in similar color change for LU and VS (P>.05). In the EC group, glazing provided statistically different results as compared to the manual polishing and control groups (P<.05). Among the ceramic groups, color change values of the subgroup, which was treated by glazing, of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (VS) and lithium disilicate (EC) samples were below the clinically acceptable level (ΔE < 3.5). CONCLUSION. The lowest color change for all stages was observed in Vita Suprinity.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2015

The purposes of this research and development are as follows: first, to provide pleasant driving environments inside tunnels; second, to improve the current illumination environments lacking in diffusion luminance meters to meet tunnel lighting standards; and, third, to reduce the consumption of tunnel lighting energy accounting for approximately 65% of tunnel maintenance costs because of inadequate visual environments and tunnel operations. Further details are listed below. Firstly, an image luminance meter for tunnels that can implement the L20-method which is a tunnel luminance method that follows the international standards of CIE88, which was developed in order to improve and change the existing illumination-based tunnel lighting operation system to a luminance-based system. (The margin of error of below 5% according to the results of a test by an authorized agency and field test). Secondly, early illumination control is possible since the lighting control system that can be operated based on luminance enables interlocking control of the inside and outside of a tunnel using ethernet communication. Thirdly, guidelines for field application of the system are proposed. In addition, the luminance inducers of tunnels are found and the reflexibility of each facility that may reduce luminance of the boundaries is also proposed. Fourthly, as a result of a test bed, power consumption of luminance-based lighting operations decreased by 15.6% compared to illumination-based operations. Applying the feedback controls and maintenance factors of internal/external luminance meters, it reduced by 36.4%. Therefore, we became able to provide a luminance-based lighting operation system that complies with tunnel lighting design standards and provides a visual environment for drivers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 청색 인광 발광 물질인 bis(3,5-Difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium (III) (Flrpic)과 녹색 인광 발광 물질인 fac-tris(2-phenypyridine) irdium(III) ($Ir(ppy)_3$)와 적색 인광 발광 물질인 his(5-benzoyl-2-phenylpyridinato-C,N)iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) ($(Bzppy)_{2}Ir(acac)$)를 각각 적층하여 백색 유기 발광 다이오드를 제작하였고, 각각의 발광층 사이에 혼합된 스페이서인 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP):4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)을 적층하여 그 때의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 최적화된 구조에서의 전력 효율은 $0.014\;mA/cm^2$에서의 19.7 lm/w를 나타내었으며, $0.127\;mA/cm^2$에서의 11.5%의 외부 양자 효율을 나타내었고, 8 V에서 Commission Internationale do I'Eclairage ($CIE_{x,y}$) coordinates (x=0.36, y=0.44)의 색좌표를 나타내었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

본 논문은 청색 유기 EL 소자를 진공증착법으로 제작하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 발광층 물질(A1q/sub 3/)에 게스트물질(Type I-TPB와 Type II-DPA)의 도핑농도(0.5∼2 wt%)를 변화시켜 청색발광소자를 제작하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. Alq3에 도펀트의 농도를 증가함에 따라 청색에 해당하는 색좌표 점으로 이동하였다. Type I이 Type II의 경우보다 동작개시전압 및 구동전압이 낮게 나타났으며 휘도에서는 Type II가 밝게 나타났다. Alq/sub 3/에 DPA(2wt%)를 도펀트로 사용한 소자의 경우 인가전압 15V에서 휘도는 1282cd/m/sup 2/, 최대발광 파장은 476nm, 색좌표는(0.1273, 0.0672)으로 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose의 고분자를 중심으로 하는 유기 결합제를 사용하고 형광체로서 ZnS:Cu와 유전체로$BaTiO_3$ 사용해 screen printing법에 의해 신광원으로서 많은 연구 개발이 집중되고 있는 유기분산형 백라이트 EL(Electroluminescent) 소자를 제조하였다. 제조된 백라이트용 유기 분산형 EL 소자의 특성은 $25[^{\circ}C]$, 100[V], 400[Hz]에서 $1.98[mA/\m^2]$의 전류밀도, O.075[W]의 power consumption, 정전용량 7.l[nF]를 나타내었다. 소자의 휘도는 50~150[V] 사이에서 $20~110[cd/\m^2]$의 밝기를 나타내였으며, 형광체의 색상변화는 ClE에 공인된 색 좌표에 의해 x=0.1711, y=0.3676의 bluish green의 색상을 나타내었다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2003

본 연구는 스캔된 이미지의 원본색이 모니터에 그대로 디스플레이 될 수 있게 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 색보정 과정은 스캐너의 색 특성 묘사를 통한 원본색의 XYZ 추정, 기준 광원의 차이를 고려한 XYZ 변환, XYZ와 RGB간의 색공간 변환으로 구성된다. 특히, XYZ 추정에 있어서 스캐너에 입사되는 빛의 세기와 출력신호간의 비선형적 관계를 두 구간으로 나누어 묘사함으로써 그 정확도를 높였다 EPSON Expression 1680 스캐너를 대상으로 실시한 결과, 228가지 기준색의 기준값과 추정값의 평균 색차는 1.47 $\Delta$ $E_{UV}$ * 이었으며, 36가지의 유채색과 22가지의 무채색으로 구성된 시험색의 평균 색차가 각각 1.51 $\Delta$ $E_{UV}$ * 와 0.90 $\Delta$ $E_{UV}$ * 이었다. 또한 시험색 36가지에 대해 기준값과 추정값으로 부터 산출된 sRGB 모니터 입력신호를 동일 모니터에 디스플레이한 결과, 두 이미지의 색이 동일하게 보였다. sRGB 모니터 입력신호를 동일 모니터에 디스플레이한 결과, 두 이미지의 색이 동일하게 보였다.