• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

Increasing ash content of the paper is one of the most effective methods for saving raw materials and steam consumption and improving optical properties and better print quality. However, the increase of filler loading or filler content using a conventional wet end system is limited due to severe loss in strength properties, affecting runnability and product quality. This is because the filler has no ability to make bonding with cellulosic fibers. Therefore, if the technology to give filler the bonding ability is developed, the ash content of the paper can be increased more than ever. This study was carried out to modify PCC by coating its surface with starch contributing to better bonding with fibers. To prepare the modified PCC, cationic starch was selected as a polymer and then pretreatment was done by mixing PCC and cationic starch. Consequently, the pretreated PCC contributed to higher tensile strength, stiffness and opacity than the conventional filler, such as GCC and untreated PCC. However, CIE whiteness and ISO brightness decreased slightly compared to conventional fillers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.710-714
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• 2014

The effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined for glasses based on $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$. One glass sample, containing 25 mol% of each component, was used as a reference; the other three glass samples contained 1, 3, and 5 mol% $TiO_2$, respectively. The four color conversion glass samples were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass frits and a $YAG:Ce^+$ phosphor. The characteristics of the color conversion glass samples, such as luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. The refractive index of the glass samples was found to increase with the titanium dioxide content. In conclusion, luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses increased as the content of $TiO_2$ was raised in the glass matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2011

[ $V_2O_5$ ]doped Karrooite pigments were synthesized by the solid state method to get stabilized brown pigment in oxidation and reduction atmosphere. Optimum substitution condition and limited dopant with $V_2O_5$ for Karrooite pigment was investigated. With calcination at $1250^{\circ}C{\sim}1400^{\circ}C$, compositions were designed varying $V_2O_5$ molar ratio by increasing 0.02mole to the formula $Mg_1-xTi_2-xM_{2x}O_5$(x = 0.01~0.09 mole). Synthesized pigments were analyzed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis. When $V_2O_5$ was doped from 0.01 to 0.05 mole, single phase of Karrooite was observed at temperature $1300^{\circ}C$ and soaking time 4h by Raman spectroscopy. However, it was found that excess $VO_2$ peak appeared with 0.07 and 0.09 mole of $V_2O_5$ doped to $MgTi_2O_5$. This result indicated that the maximum limit of solid solution is 0.05 mole $V_2O_5$. Karrooite pigments were applied as a ceramic pigment to achieve brown colors in lime magnesia glaze and lime barium graze at both of oxidation and reduction atmosphere. CIE color coordinates are $L^*$ = 40.34, $a^*$ = 9.94, $b^*$ = 21.40 in lime magnesia glaze.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.343-347
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• 2016

Fe-based pigments have attracted much interest owing to their eco-friendliness. In particular, the color of nanosized pigments can be tuned by controlling their size and morphology. This study reports on the effect of length on the coloration of ${\beta}$-FeOOH pigments prepared using an $NH_4OH$ solution. First, rod-type ${\beta}$-FeOOH is prepared by the hydrolysis of $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ and $NH_4OH$. When the amount of $NH_4OH$ is increased, the length of the rods decreases. Thus, the length of the nanorods can be adjusted from 10 nm to 300 nm. The color of ${\beta}$-FeOOH changes from orangered to yellow depending on the length of ${\beta}$-FeOOH. The color and phase structure of ${\beta}$-FeOOH is characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, CIE Lab color parameter measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1807-1814
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of housing system on the carcass and meat qualities of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) bulls. Fourteen 6 months-old male calves were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was individually tethered using double neck-bar tethers. The second group was collectively loose-housed in the pen. They were raised for 15 months prior to slaughter. At 24 h post-slaughter chilling, the carcasses were weighed and evaluated by official grader for carcass traits. At 48 h post-slaughter chilling, the M. longissimus at the $12-13^{th}$ thoracic vertebra from each carcass was collected and stored at $4{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ for 7 days for meat quality analysis. There were no significant differences in dressing percentage and carcass yield index between groups. Meat from loose bulls had lower marbling score (p<0.05) and fat content (p<0.01) but higher PUFA concentration (p<0.001) than that from tethered bulls. There were no significant differences physical and sensory properties, aroma pattern, TBARS value, metmyoglobin concentration and CIE color values during refrigerated storage between groups. Compared to tethering, loose-housing bulls produced lower fat content and healthier meat without different physical properties, acceptability, and lipid and color stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

An accurate characterization of the display device is essential for better color matching. The calibration and characterization process in display device is needed to transform the device dependent color to the device independent color. The process of characterization performs a linearization and transforms the linearized values into the CIE XYZ tristimulus values. The purposes of this paper is to propose optimal color transformation method for accurate reproduction of original copy in display device and to explain the propriety of transformation method using specific variable for the power of gradation expression.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.857-864
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• 2018

Demand for developing artificial green pearl that meets the needs of modern people has been increasing. In this paper, eco-friendly inorganic pearlescent pigment was used instead of organic pigment and urethane resin was substituted for nitrocellulose which has been used as main materials in previous preparation method, increasing gloss from 73.4% to 86.7%. Urethane was coated on substrate before finishing with CVD, resulting high gloss of 96%. Colorimeteric analysis shows that a* and b* of CIE value was changed from +37.7 and +24.5 to +31.9 and +14.2 respectively because of CVD finishing, obtaining colorful, high gloss and durable artificial pearl. Quality and toxicity of samples was established by chemical resistance, glossiness, colorimeter, surface roughness, wear resistance, content of heavy-metal, and salt water test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2005

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects on growth performance, meat quality parameters and fatty acids of meat by restricted diet amount on finishing Berkshires. A total of 180 pigs (Berkshire, initially 52 kg BW) at 100 days of age were allotted in arrangement in a completely randomized design (10 pigs per pen), blocked arrangement of treatments with 3 replications. The variables were market ages (180, 200 and 220 days) and in which was also included sex (gilts and barrow). All the pigs were restrictively fed so that day could be marked at 103 kg. Pork quality was evaluated from 4 pigs of each treatment. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were decreased (p<0.05) with age increase. The ratio of feed to gain was increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days compared to that of 180 days. Moisture and crude protein of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) at 180 days were increased (p<0.05) compared to 200 and 220 days. Crude fat was increased (p<0.05) by age and crude ash was lower (p<0.05) at 180 days than at 220 days. Red to green meat color scale (CIE a$^{*}$) increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days more than at 180 days. Regarding fatty acid composition in meat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) was increased more (p<0.05) at 220 days than at 180 and 200 days. The results indicate that even with a restricted diet of low nutrient supplement, there was an improvement in Berkshire meat quality parameters.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.377-381
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• 2014

This work describes the coloration, chemical stability of $SiO_2$ and $SnO_2$-coated blue $CoAl_2O_4$ pigment. The $CoAl_2O_4$, raw materials, were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and coated with silica ($SiO_2$) and tin oxide ($SnO_2$) using sol-gel method, respectively. To study phase and coloration of $CoAl_2O_4$, we prepared nano sized $CoAl_2O_4$ pigments which were coated $SiO_2$ and $SnO_2$ using tetraethylorthosilicate, $Na_2SiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$ as a coating material. To determine the stability of the coated samples and their colloidal solutions under acidic and basic conditions, colloidal nanoparticle solutions with various pH values were prepared and monitored over time. Blue $CoAl_2O_4$ solutions were tuned yellow color under all acidic/basic conditions. On the other hand, the chemical stability of $SiO_2$ and $SnO_2$-coated $CoAl_2O_4$ solution were improved when all samples pH values, respectively. Phase stability under acidic/basic condition of the core-shell type $CoAl_2O_4$ powders were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color parameter measurements.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

To reduce the effect of color distortions on reading colors, it is more desirable to statistically process as many pixels in the individual color region as possible. This process may require segmentation, which usually requires edge detection. However, edges in color codes can be disconnected due to various distortions such as dark current, color cross, zipper effect, shade and reflection, to name a few. Edge linking is also a difficult process. In this paper, k-means clustering was performed on the images where edge detectors failed segmentation. Experiments were conducted on 311 images taken in different environments with different cameras. The primary and secondary colors were randomly selected for each color code region. While segmentation rate by edge detectors was 89.4%, the proposed method increased it to 99.4%. Color recognition was performed based on hue, a*, and b* components, with the accuracy of 100% for the successfully segmented cases.