• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was the development of a digital water color measurement system using a CCD optical device. Photographs of the standard medium of Forel and Ule water color scales in the laboratory, and one of sea surface above a Secchi disc (Z=SD/2) immersed in seawater were taken. The colors of these pictures were estimated with the value of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$. Water color assessment was conducted with a digital photo-image. In the case of the Forel scale (No. 1-11), the $b^*$ value was so high that the water color number was large. In the Ule scale (No.11-21), the $a^*$ value became high, which is why the number on the water color scale was large. The color of these pictures showed that the $a^*$ value in the Forel scale and the $b^*$ value in the Ule scale increase with the increase of the F value. The $a^*$ value of seawater color was always lower than the one on the Forel and Ule water color scales. This indicates that the color of the scales differs from actual seawater color. It was concluded that water color number can more effectively be assessed by estimating the ${\Delta}Eab^*$ color difference between the water scales and actual seawater color.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.223-232
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• 2014

The feasibility of a virtual colored overlay is based on constraints of computer and user preference and it is evaluated for people with Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome. We draw ${\alpha}$ and chromaticities of virtual colored overlay which will be implemented on IT devices by measuring optical characteristics of 2 representative film overlays and simulating them. We analyzed the influence of two illuminating conditions on the virtual colored overlay. We find that it is possible to get the multiple combinations of alpha and source RGB values to match a chromaticity which is presented in CIE-Luv color space under ideal white condition of display, a user can select one among them with respect to clarity and comfort. Under 100 lx difference of illumination conditions, the changes of chromaticities are negligible, but luminances are increased $37.8cd/m^2$ average(std 2.006) at high illumination condition.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.669-674
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• 2012

Yellow phosphor dispersed color conversion glasses are promising phosphor materials for white LED applications because of their good thermal durability, chemical stability, and anti-ultraviolet property. Six color conversion glasses were prepared with high Tg and low Tg specimens of glass. Luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) of the color conversion glasses were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. Color conversion glasses with high Tg glass frit, sintered at higher temperature, showed better luminous properties than did color conversion glasses with low Tg glass frit. The characteristics of the color conversion glass depended on the glass composition rather than on the sintering temperature. The XRD peaks of the YAG phosphor disappeared in the color conversion glass with major components of $B_2O_3$-ZnO-$SiO_2$-CaO and, in the XRD results, new crystalline peaks of $BaSi_2O_5$ appeared in the color conversion glass with major components of $Bi_2O_3$-ZnO-$B_2O_3$-MgO. The characteristics of CIE chromaticity, CCT, and the CRI of low Tg color conversion glasses showed worse color properties than those of high Tg color conversion glasses. However, these color characteristics of low Tg glasses were improved by thickness variation. So color conversion glasses with good characteristics of both luminous and color properties were attained.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.spc8
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• pp.2899-2905
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• 2011

We have demonstrated that TPyPA can be used as an efficient multi-functional material for OLEDs; hole transporting material (HTL), blue and white-light emitter. The device based on TPyPA as the HTL exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 1.7% and a luminance efficiency of 4.2 cd/A; these values are 40% higher than the external quantum efficiency and luminance efficiency of the NPD-based reference device. The device based on TPyPA as a blue-light emitter exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 4.2% and a luminance efficiency of 5.3 $cdA^{-1}$ with CIE coordinates at (0.16, 0.14), the device based on TPyPA as a white-light emitter exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 3.2% and a luminance efficiency of 7.7 $cdA^{-1}$ with CIE coordinates at (0.33, 0.39). Also, TPyPA-based organic solar cell (OSC) exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.35%. TPyPA-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) exhibited highly efficient field-effect mobility (${\mu}_{FET}$) of $1.7{\times}10^{-4}cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$, a threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) of -15.9 V, and an on/off current ratio of $8.6{\times}10^3$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a saliency detection method using entropy weight and Weber contrast in the wavelet transform domain. Our method is based on the commonly exploited conventional algorithms that are composed of the local bottom-up approach and global top-down approach. First, we perform the multi-level wavelet transform for the CIE Lab color images, and obtain global saliency by adding the local Weber contrasts to the corresponding low-frequency wavelet coefficients. Next, the local saliency is obtained by applying Gaussian filter that is weighted by entropy of wavelet high-frequency subband. The final saliency map is detected by non-lineally combining the local and global saliencies. To evaluate the proposed saliency detection method, we perform computer simulations for two image databases. Simulations results show the proposed method represents superior performance to the conventional algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.294-300
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• 2010

In this study, we fabricated a polymer light emitting diode (PLED) and investigated its electrical and optical characteristics in order to examine the effects of the PFO [poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2-7-diyl) end capped with N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-4-aniline] concentrations in the emission layer (EML). The PFO polymer was dissolved in toluene ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 wt%, and then spin-coated. To verify the influence of the TPBI [2,2',2"-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)]electron transport layer, TPBI small molecules were deposited by thermal evaporation. The current density, luminance, wavelength and current efficiency characteristics of the prepared PLED devices with and without TPBI layer at various PFO concentrations were measured and compared. The luminance and current efficiency of the PLED devices without TPBI layer were increased, from 117 to $553\;cd/m^2$ and from 0.015 to 0.110 cd/A, as the PFO concentration increased from 0.2 to 1.0 wt%. For the PLED devices with TPBI layer, the luminance and current efficiency were $1724\;cd/m^2$ and 0.501 cd/A at 1.0 wt% PFO concentration. The CIE color coordinators of the PLED device with TPBI layer at 1.0 wt% PFO concentration showed a more pure blue color compared with the one without TPBI, and the CIE values varied from (x, y) = (0.21, 0.23) to (x, y) = (0.16, 0.11).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.417-430
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the effects of NaCl concentration and cooking temperature on the color and pigment characteristics of presalted ground chicken breasts. Four treatments with different salt concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) were prepared and stored for 7 d prior to cooking. Each sample was cooked to four endpoint temperatures ($70^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, and $85^{\circ}C$). The salt concentration affected the color and pigment properties of the cooked ground chicken breasts. As the salt concentration increased, the cooking yield and residual nitrite content also increased. However, the samples with 1%, 2%, and 3% NaCl showed similar nitrosyl hemochrome and total pigment contents. Among the products containing salt, the samples with 3% NaCl showed the lowest percentage myoglobin denaturation (PMD) and the lowest CIE $a^*$ values. The cooking temperature had limited effects on the pigment properties of cooked ground chicken breasts. The oxidation-reduction potential and residual nitrite contents increased with cooking temperature, while the PMD, nitrosyl hemochrome, total pigment contents and CIE $a^*$ values were similar in the samples cooked at different temperatures. These results indicated that the addition of up to 2% salt to ground chicken breasts and storage for 7 d could cause the pink color defect of cooked products. However, the addition of 3% NaCl could reduce the redness of the cooked products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.636-648
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the addition levels of white kimchi powder and acerola juice powder, as natural sources of sodium nitrite and sodium ascorbate, on the quality of cooked ground pork products. Freeze-dried white kimchi powder was prepared and used after fermentation for 2 wk. Six treatments were included: control (100 ppm sodium nitrite and 500 ppm sodium ascorbate), treatment 1 (0.2% white kimchi powder, 0.02 % starter culture, and 0.1% acerola juice powder), treatment 2 (0.2% white kimchi powder, 0.02% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder), treatment 3 (0.4% white kimchi powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.1% acerola juice powder), treatment 4 (0.4% white kimchi powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder), and treatment 5 (0.4% celery powder, 0.04% starter culture, and 0.2% acerola juice powder). The pH values were decreased (p<0.05) because of lower pH of acerola juice powder, resulting in lower cooking yields (p<0.05) in these treatments. CIE L* and CIE a* values of indirectly cured meat products were not different (p>0.05) from the sodium nitrite-added control. However, indirectly cured meat products showed lower (p<0.05) residual nitrite contents, but higher (p<0.05) nitrosyl hemochrome contents and cure efficiency than the control. Treatments 2 and 4 had higher (p<0.05) total pigment contents and lipid oxidation than the control. This study indicates that white kimchi powder coupled with acerola juice powder has substantial potential to substitute synthetic nitrite to naturally cured meat products, which could be favored by consumers seeking clean label products.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.683-687
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• 2013

Evacuation disorder(ED) is frequently observed in the elderly people. In this study, we investigated the tongue color properties in the elderly. 327 subjects were participated in this study and classified into normal group (n=95) and ED group (n=23) by two Korean Oriental Medicine doctors. The tongue images were acquired by using computerized tongue diagnosis system, and its color were linearly corrected base on CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ values of 12 color samples. The tongue region was segmented from acquired image and divided into two regions along the vertical direction. In order to estimate color properties of the tongue, a color histogram was calculated for the root region based on the CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ values, and differences of color histogram values between normal and ED groups were computed based on the Mann-Whitney U test. As results, pixels corresponding to typical colors of the pale tongue and thin tongue coating were significantly more distributed in ED than those in normal group(p<0.05). The tongue color of the root region in ED was revealed to be different from those in healthy subjects.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.633-643
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• 2009

We propose a color transfer method that used color contrast based templates to express the visual difference clearly between objects, while remaining the quality of the input image. Our algorithm employs colors of both the input image and template distributed on the $a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$chrominance plane of CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$color space. The templates are made by considering the effect of color contrast and have the shape of either a line or a curve represented color distribution of the basic colors based gradation image. These tempates can be modeled on spline curves. We also generate simply new templates with the different basic colors by moving the control points of that curve. The color transfer method using the templates is done through a regressive analysis and color matching. We maintained color coherence of the input image by transforming similarly the color distribution of an input image to the one of templates.