• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.173-182
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• 2006

In church building, the worship space performing practical rituals and making a place of friendship and education has a role to accept the changing services with the times. And it is also distinguishable from the chaotic surroundings and is the space for religious experience of christian identity we cannot experience in our daily life. Therefore it is very important to investigate its characteristic as the space for religious experience. The important purpose of church building is to make up a worship space, and the chancel in worship space is said to be the core in church building, the center of all worship acts. Especially, today with the tendency of multi-functionalizing and opening in worship space, the chancel in worship space has a more special meaning as spatial, functional and symbolic center. The purpose of this study, with the worship space in domestic protestant churches, is to make up basic data for the worship space plan and interiordesign in church building by analyzing the characteristics of interior design for chancel, the core field of worship space. This study has researched the constituentcharacteristics of interior design for the chancel in worship space in domestic protestant churches in 10 years from 1995 to 2004. And found the worship space opening and multi-functionalizing with the changing times. From now on, the study on interior design for creative worship space should be researched positively for the purpose of expressing the christian identity and the opening and muti-functions, on the basis of christian theology.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.239-264
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• 2014

The study aims to study the user perception and satisfaction on the current church library services in Korea. 100 registered attendees and 10 priests, from three different groups were randomly selected for the survey. Three groups - the one with its own library, another with a community type library, and the other without church library - were compared. A literature review and survey were executed, and the questionnaires of the survey for analysis in this research contained demographic information, usage of church library, mission and function of the church library, library space, librarians, collection, community services of the church library, and perception on the effect of the library's community service on a specific religious activity (evangelism). The analysis revealed that the satisfaction level on church library service was relatively high (3.5 point on average, 5-point Likert scale), even though the frequency of using the church library service was relatively low. The study also found that users perceived the library as a community library or archives of the church, and study rooms and reading rooms as its major functions. It reveals that religious materials were preferred as the church library collection and the service of the church library to its community was perceived as being a effective and positive factor on evangelism. Applying church library service should be considered in order to enhance the understanding on the religion and effective results of evangelism.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.71
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• pp.241-276
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• 2022

Due to the 4th industrial revolution, which started with the Smart Revolution in the early 21st century, Hyper-Connectivity, Hyper-Convergence and Hyper-Intelligence of our society is accelerating. These changes induced formation of Metaverse as a fused new space that crosses the perimeter of the physical space and virtual(digital) spaces beyond time and place. The characteristics of Metaverse are continuously spread by engaging with the characteristics of the MZ generation, which collects both Millennial generation (M Generation) and Z Generation. With outburst of Covid-19 pandemic, a variety of attempts have been made to utilize Metaverse, even in church education when it was impossible to worship directly. In other words, the usefulness of the Metaverse was confirmed as a new community space of the education of the church. In addition, Metaverse may provide a substantial, experiential and evolving space for church education. However, in order for church education to further develop, the development in the method of education is also required to move beyond mere concept of space. In particular, when the learner-centered education method, one of the common characteristics of the Metaverse and MZ generation, it is thought that the church education in the Metaverse era will be able to go in a more evolving direction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

One of the big difference between Aalto and other modem architects lies in an attitude that Aalto went beyond the principle of dogmatic functionalism. As an architect of Northern Europe, Aalto made unique architecture that showed both the language of modem architecture and vernacular architecture. He presented the best example which showed modernity in architecture without losing the meaning of the context including site, region and cultural tradition. With this background, Aalto developed his own typological design approach. As Wolfsburg church was designed in his prime of time, it showed the origin and evolutionary process of religious architecture as well as general features of Aalto's design. Clustered site plan, dynamic space of interior, the adequate control of natural light are representative characteristics found in Aalto's religious architecture. Wolfsburg church also demonstrate these features in more specific way including the continuity of wall and ceiling that showed spatial dynamics, free opening of wall which reflects on functions, and careful adjust of natural light. As a result, Aalto showed his typological design strategy that added new design ideas to the accumulated design vocabularies in the design of Wolfsburg church.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

The Main hall of the contemporary church has been used ineffectively. Therefore the purpose of this study is to search various ways of using this space of the contemporary church, which was restricted only to worshiping purposes, and to propose this idea to the local community. This research is based on the modern theology which insists on the responsibility of the church in its local community. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The subjects of this study were 360 pastors, members of churches and local residents. The interviews were carried out from october 8th. 2003. to March 29n0. 2004. The results are as follows: 1) pastors, members of churches and local residents are for the relationship between church and community. 2) Multi-functional plans of spaces in main hall are recommended to provide cultural activities such as concerts, plays, funerals and marriage ceremonies, etc. 3) In building or reconstructing a church, functions for community service and programs to maximize the use of church facilities must be considered in the plans.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

This study compares St. Nicholas' Orthodox Church in Seoul (1968) and St. Dionysios' Orthodox Church in Ulsan (2005), which are Byzantine-style churches under the Korean Orthodox Church, with Hagiya Sophia in Istanbul, a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. Focusing on the construction method and shape of the dome, which is a major characteristic of Byzantine architecture, this study compares the architectural background of these three churches, the presence and shape of the dome, the presence of drums, and the number and shape of skylights. As a result, it was found that these three churches differ in the construction method of the dome due to differences in different architectural backgrounds and structural methods, and that these structural and morphological differences ultimately determine the atmosphere of the interior space of the cathedral. This study examines two representative Byzantine Orthodox churches in Korea, both designed by the same architect, Zho Chang Han (b. 1936), with a time gap of approximately 40 years between them. It holds particular significance in exploring how the Byzantine dome was constructed differently by analyzing the historical context and structural characteristics of the Orthodox Church.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to understand the existing and the architectural characteristics of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju. The method of this study is to research all the literature and to visit. The time of establishment of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju was mostly 1950's, and that time was the heyday of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church that was built in Korean. Catholicism was spread throughout Jeju during this time, and in the process, the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church was built. The Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju are sited mostly in coastal villages, and especially Catholicism was actively spread throughout the west of Jeju and the a large number Secondary Stations of Catholic Church were built in the west of Jeju. The Secondary Stations of Catholic Church were built between the mid-1950's to the mid-1960's. The plan type is kept as plan shaped of straight shape. When made an enlargement of the interior space and altered, framework of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church was generally maintained. The head of the side window and the front door have the same design characteristics. When the belfry is located, it is attached to an outer wall of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church, or is located to the left or the right the front of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church. The design of belfry found expression in various forms. The buttress are not located in the others but in Young-su Gong-So, and it has not the structural functions but the design functions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This study is for figuring out the relationship between the transition of the religious outlook and the design of worship space in Korean churches after the year of 2000. Analyzing the design samples of worship spaces which are appeared in architectural and interior design publications, it is found out that the modernity in architectural and interior design is presented in many worship spaces. And the progressive effort for the renewal of the worship service is projected to composition of the pulpit and others. But the conservatism of the Korean church has not been eliminated yet. These phenomena are considered to be same in the most cases of rural community church.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.86-93
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• 2013

Illumination in church building has played an important role in making workship space more suitable for divine service. As time has changed, however, the worship space of Protestantism is no longer somber and reverent, but changing into practical and multipurpose space with bright and colorful image. This study investigates intensity of illumination of worship space during day and night respectively and figures out the change of psychological change of congregation in accordance with brightness and color temperature in worship space in order to find out preference and look into the usage and change of illumination in recent Protestantism in compliance with the needs of the time and influence. Then, result value is to be compared to Korean Standard intensity of illumination. Also, the correlation between intensity of illumination and color temperature by Kruithof's curve theory is used to identify the comfortableness of the worship space during day and nigh. And it is a common task of space designers and pastors to map out the worship space in terms of illumination suitable for its own purpose with even more modern and Korean sensibility and to create spiritual space for worshippers by collecting opinions from congregation, the main user of the space. With appropriate usage of illumination in Protestantism worship space, the atmosphere and purpose of worship can be enhanced.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-148
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• 2007

This study aims at searching the Church Building Type and Design Sources of a German church architect who had designed many churches and other buildings in Korea. P. Alwin Schmid(1904-1978) had designed 188 Catholic buildings in Korea for 20 years from 1958 to 1978. In his works there are many excellent Catholic ritual buildings. It was caused by his conviction on the theology and the principles of Church Architecture. And His remarkable achievement is affected by the works of Dominikus Bom(1880-1955) and Rudolf Schwarz(1897-1961). Alwin's 5 plan type is relevant to Schwarz' iconographic model, and their approach to 'light' is much the same. But the Character of inner space is the middle of Dominikus Bom and Rudolf Schwarz. His works rotted in the Liturgical Movement had been developed in the line of connection with 20th German church architecture. The works of Dominikus Bom and Rudolf Schwarz played the role of the teacher of Alwin Schwarz.