• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.226-254
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• 1999

For the first time, the theory of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) and the examination method of KyungJung(輕重法) of KiGu(氣口) were formed in "NanKyung(難經)". After that, the vicera assignment theory at left and right hands(左右守藏府記屬理論) was established in "MaekKyung(脈經)" After Reserching the theoretical relevance of the two books, theories between the doctors who understood the examination method of ChukBu(尺部診法) of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon(素問 脈要精微論)" as the examination method of KyungJung(輕重法) and the doctors who understood that method as the method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) were compared and researched. The results were as follows : 1. The posit ion of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) of the examination method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺法) is explained at 2nd Nan(二難) of "NanKyung" as follows. Chuk(尺) is the position which is 1Chon(1寸, unit) distant from Kwan(關) to the direction of ChukTaek acupuncture point(尺澤穴) and Chon(寸) is the position which is 9Pun(9分, unit) distant from Kwan(關) to the direction of EoJe acupuncture point(魚際穴). And the six vessels(六經) were assined to ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) on the basis of OHangJaMoSnagSaeng(五行子母相生) at 18th Nan(18難) of NanKyung. After that Yang Hyun-Jo(楊玄操) at Dang Dynasty, Jung Deok-Yong(丁德用), Woo Seo(廬庶) at Song dynasty explaind the examination method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺法) of NanKyung as the method of ChonKwanChuk of two hands(兩手寸關尺法) from the viewpoint of "MaekKyung(脈經)". 2. From the viewpoint of MaeKyung, the vicera assignment of the two hand ChonKwanChuk method is as follows. At Chuk of left hand, the Heart and Small intestine are assigned. At Kwan of left hand, the Liver and Gall Bladder are assigned. At Chuk of left hand, the Kidney and Bladder are assigned. At Chuk of right hand, the Lung and Large in testine are assigned. At Kwan of right hand, the Spleen and Stomach are assigned. At Chuk of Right hand, the Vital Gate(命門) and Bladder are assigned. 3. For the first time, HwalSu(滑壽) at Won dynasty said that the paragraph "尺內兩傍${\cdots}{\cdots}$" of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" is the first of the examination method of KiGu(氣口診脈法). After that Ma Shi(馬蒔), Jang Gae-Bin(張介賓) of Myung Dynasty, Jang Ji-Chong(張志聰), Seo Dae-Chun(徐大椿) of Chung Dynasty who were influenced by him explained that paragraph as the method of KiGuChonKwanChuk(氣口寸關尺法). 4. Lee Kyu-Jun(李圭晙) explained the paragraph "尺內兩傍${\cdots}{\cdots}$" of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" as the method of KyungJung(輕重法) and explained Chok(尺) as the paragraph 'Chuk is low position of Kigu, and it means the depth(氣口之下位也, 言其深也)' and explained that 'the Left and the Right is layers(左右者層數). And he revised that the Jang(臟) must be examined at the inner part and the Bu(府) must be examined at the outer part. By this, he settled the theoratical basis of the method of KyungJung(輕重法). 5. The doctors who used the examination method of ChonKwanChok(寸關尺診法) settled their logical justification of the two hand examination method of ChonKwanChuk(兩手寸關尺診法) by connecting with "Somon MaekYoJungMi-Ron" from the viewpoint of 2nd Nan(難) and 18th Nan(難) of NanKyung and MaekKyung. On the contrary, the doctors who used the examination method of KyungJung(輕重診法) settled their logical justification of the examination method of KyungJung(輕重診法) by connecting with "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" from the viewpoint of 4th Nan(四難) and 5th Nan(五難).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.52-73
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• 2002

1. Purpose We can find the Newly created prescriptions of ShinChukBon DongyiSuseBowon which is not described at the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases and still more not exist symptom in charge. And some of prescriptions of Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases is not described the composition. So how can we understand that prescriptions is the purpose of research. 2. Methods All the prescription of ShinChukBon DongyiSuseBowon is analyzed by many directions and compared with early books which is DongyiSuseBowonSasangChoBonKywun, GaBoBon DongyiSuseBowon etc. 3. Result and Conclusion We can find the analysis of prescriptions of ShinChukBon DongyiSuseBowon as follows. All prescriptions can't be make clear the base of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases as only ShinChukBon DongyiSuseBowon. And that is made at the different period More research is need that how can we understand the Newly created prescriptions which is not described at the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and prescriptions of Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases which is not described the composition. So we must expain again in view of the varies period.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권3호통권71호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

Objectives : To obtain pulse information, oriental medical doctors usually use the three finger pulse diagnosis method. Although the diagnostic positions are very important, the exact positions are not known because of the uncertain conversion of measures of length (bun, chon, chuk) and misunderstanding of the related concepts of oriental medicine. In this study, we proposed relative positions for the detection of three pulses with a pulse analyzer. Methods : The proposal was made based mainly on several literature reviews, especially the original texts, and the examination of anthropometric characteristics of 78 individuals. Results : The Kwan is the spot where the radial pulse can be felt well near the eminent head of the radius at wrist, high bone. The position of Chon should be apart from Kwan by 6/10 distance between the high bone and wrist joint of each individual. Finally, the position of Chuk is apart from Kwan by 6.5/100 distance between the high bone and the elbow joint of each individual. Conclusions : Adapting those proposed positions for measuring three pulses can provide more consistent information to what an oriental doctor obtains than a pulse analyzer applied to other positions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the degree of the pulse wave parameter of post-mastectomy women and to identify the relationships between each of them. Methods : Data were obtained from public health center in Busan Metropolitan city. Participants were 82 post-mastectomy women aged 31-82. the data collection was from Oct, 1, 2010 to Oct, 31, 2010. the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test. A p-value less than .05 was considered significant by 2-tailed test. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS/Win(ver 12.0). Results : As for the difference in the pulse wave by the general characteristics. The pulse energy was showed highly in the order of Chon, Quan and Chuk of left and right pulse respectively. In the pulse energy of left Quan and right Chon, the case of both mastectomy was showed highly and in the pulse energy of left Chuk, the case of right mastectomy was showed highly. Left and right pulse energy of menopause female were significantly higher than normal range except left Chon and Chuk. In h1, h2, h4, h5, t1, t2, AP and Aw, the pulse energy of left Chon was showed the largest significantly. In As, the pulse energy of right Chon was showed the smallest and in Ad, right Chuk was showed the largest. In RAI, right and left Chuk was showed the highest respectively. Conclusions : From these result, we can see that there are relation between women's age, area of operation breast and menopause after mastectomy in pulse wave. The result of this study will become basic data necessary for the Oriental Medicine treatment to reduce or prevent women's functional difficulties, symptomatology after mastectomy.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2017

As a part of collaborative efforts to understand ionospheric irregularities, the Korea ionospheric scintillation sites (KISS) network has been built based on global positioning system (GPS) receivers with sampling rates higher than 1 Hz. We produce the rate of TEC index (ROTI) to represent GPS TEC fluctuations related to ionospheric irregularities. In the KISS network, two ground-based GPS sites at Kiruna (marker: KIRN; geographic: $67.9^{\circ}$ N, $21.4^{\circ}$ E; geomagnetic: $65.2^{\circ}$ N) and Chuuk (marker: CHUK; geographic: $7.5^{\circ}$ N, $151.9^{\circ}$ E; geomagnetic: $0.4^{\circ}$ N) were selected to evaluate the ROTI value for ionospheric irregularities during the occurrence of the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm. The KIRN ROTI values in the aurora region appear to be generally much higher than the CHUK ROTI values in the EIA region. The CHUK ROTI values increased to ~0.5 TECU/min around UT=13:00 (LT=23:00) on March 16 in the quiet geomagnetic condition. On March 17, 2015, CHUK ROTI values more than 1.0 TECU/min were measured between UT=9:00 and 12:00 (LT=19:00 and 22:00) during the first main phase of the St. Patrick's Day storm. This may be due to ionospheric irregularities by increased pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) after sunset during the geomagnetic storm. Post-midnight, the CHUK ROTI showed two peaks of ~0.5 TECU/min and ~0.3 TECU/min near UT=15:00 (LT=01:00) and UT=18:00 (LT=04:00) at the second main phase. The KIRN site showed significant peaks of ROTI around geomagnetic latitude=$63.3^{\circ}$ N and MLT=15:40 on the same day. These can be explained by enhanced ionospheric irregularities in the auroral oval at the maximum of AE index

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

Objectives : The pulse diagnosis is an important method in Oriental Medicine. The aim of this study is to measure the similarity of the diagnosis by a traditional method using doctor's hand for feeling of pulse and by pulse diagnosis apparatus using Hwang-Je (HJ) pulse analyser, Hui-Su (HS) pulse analyser on Chon, Kwan and Chuk. Methods : Four korean medical doctors and HJ pulse analyser, HS pulse analyser have measured the speed (遲數), the size (微細弱緩大), and the depth (浮沈) of pulse waves of 23 volunteers. First, four korean medical doctors measured pulse waves of volunteers. And then, the pulse waves of volunteers were measured by HJ pulse analyser, HS pulse analyser. This was performed on the right Chon, Kwan and Chuk. Results : The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 60.9% matches on the values of the pulse speed condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 78.3% matches on the values of the pulse speed condition. The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 56.5% (Chon), 65.2% (Kwan), 78.3% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse size condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 65.2% (Chon), 13.0% (Kwan), 39.1% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse size condition. The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 43.5% (Chon), 26.1% (Kwan), 47.8% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse depth condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 45.5% (Chon), 30.4% (Kwan), 36.8% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse depth condition. Conclusions : According to these results, we suggest that the pulse analyser is necessary to develope for its high similarities with the traditional pulse diagnosis.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.73-105
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• 1993

To say nothing of the orient and the west, the human beings discover the method of Jin Mac(診脈) by the way that observe disease. But oriental medicine devise special method of Jin Mac(診脈) in the study of Kyoung Mac(經脈). Although sip-ei Kyoung Mac Jin(十二經脈診), Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Chon Kwan Chuck Jin(寸關尺診) namely Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac (六部定位診脈) that is used today are devised, it has changed naturally by the changing treatment and the introduction of Yuin Yang(陰陽) and five element(五行). Many methods dg Jin Mac(診脈), it had not developped successing alternative, it had developped of declined by it's own way. 1. Results for the birth of Mac(脈) 1) Mac(脈), it means Kyoung Mac(經脈), at first entirelly Mac(脈), is seized a blood vessel that flows in the body. As presumed today, after finding many acupunture point, a general idea of Mac(脈) is not maked by the line that connect point and point, it connect between acupunture point and acupunture point. 2) Like blood flows in Hyul Mac(血脈), Gie(氣) flows in Kyoung Mac(經脈). The two things relate deeply each other. In a general idea or actrally Kyoung Rak(經洛), the two things sometimes accord, sometimes seperate, sometimes mix alternative. 3) Hyul Mac(血脈) and Kyoung Mac(經脈), we call it Mac(脈) entirely Kyoung Mac(經脈), is a way that manifest disease through Kyoung Mac(經脈) or a boundary that disease belongs to it method of Mac Jin(脈診) individual that disease of Kyoung Mac(經脈) is diagnosed by the jumping situation of Hyul Mac(血脈). 4) In method of Moxa, athough the pathology and the diagnostic of Mac(脈) are created by finding Mac(脈). Finding acupunture have opportunitty fot Mac Jin(脈診) and treatment. 2. Results of Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診) 1) In theory of kyoung Rak(經洛), disease are resumed for malfunction of Young Wee(榮衛) that flows in Kyung Rak(經洛). So to speak, in treatment of Kyoung Rak area, the purpose of diagnosis observe the situation of disease and cause. For fitting the purpose of diagnosis, the dead had esatablised four-diagnosis method mangMunMnnJeul(望聞問切), in four-diagnosis(四診法), the core is Mac Jin(脈診). 2) sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) had existed as Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診), it precedes Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診). In Young Ki Gu Mac(人迎脈口診). 3) Although Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈), So Um Mac(少陰脈) is a part of Sip-ei Kyoung Mac(十二經脈診), they developped especially because they located in the point of Won Hyul(原穴) and they are convenient for diagnose. 4) Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診), which belongs to Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈) and So Urn Mac(少陰脈), is not important for the comming age medical books compared with Mac Kyoung(脈經). 3. Results gor Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) 1) Mac Jin(脈診) of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候), which is noted in the theory of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候診) of So Mun(素問), belongs to Kyoung Mac Mac Jin's(經脈脈診) geneology, Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) is arranged, simplicated by the idealogy three talents(三才思想) in the heaven and the earth. 2) What Sam Bu Gu Jin(三部九候診) is regardded as very important in So Mun(素問), the editor of So Mun(素問) recognize the meaning that one discover disease early in this method of diagnosis. 3) After Young chu(靈樞), Nan Kyoung(難經) it is lacked the method of Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) in the books that treatment has changed. Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) based on actually clinic appropriate. 4. results for In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) 1) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is the method of comparative Mac Jin(脈診) according to the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), it is presumed after Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), it had perished in parallel with the development of the theory of five elelment(五行). The development of the acupunture, the perishment of the treatment of negative(刺絡). 2) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) recreated that the left is In Young(人迎), the right is Kie Gu(氣口). In future generations by Jin Mu Taek(陳無擇) who is the writer of Sam In Bang(三因方). In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is a measure for disease which classify it's inside and outside cause. 5. Results for Chon Gu Mac Jin(寸口脈診) 1) What we say Mac Jin(脈診) of Chon Gu(寸口) two means are used in commn. First case, we simply say the area of Chon Gu(寸口), second case, we say Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸口尺診) reducingly. Chon Gu(寸口) is the area which is the radial artery of wrist joint. What we attemp diagnose by only Chon Gu Mac(寸口脈), it is clearly shoued in the method of Nan Kyoung, five Nan(難經五難). 2) Because Jin Mac(診脈) is made in only Chon Gu(寸口), that is the area in which is concentated Kyoung Kee(經氣). That is the birth of Jin Kee(眞氣) and Jin Kee(眞氣) is related with disease. We can diagnose disease by taking Chon Gu(寸口). 3) Chuk Jin(尺診) in Nae Kyoung(難經) have two things. One is Il Chuk(一尺), the other is Chon Kwan Chu(寸關尺). 4) Chuk Chon Jin(尺寸診) is the method which diagnose the difference of point and the condition of Mac(脈) by dividing a part of Chuk(尺) in the area of Chon Gu(寸口). In Chon Gu Jin(寸口診), by introducing the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), the method of Chon Gu Jin(寸口診) is developed by chon Gu Jin(寸口診). 5) What Chuk Kwan Chon Jin(寸關尺診) is that area of the Chon Gu(寸口) are divided fot three point, we can diagnose. By consulting Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), developping of the method of acupunture, utilzing the theory of five element(五行) it is devised by concentrating way of thinking of the method mac Jin(脈診) exiting. 6) Chon Kwan Chuk Jin MaC(寸關尺診脈) begin from Nae Kyoung(內徑) exiting. After Nan Kyoung(內徑), spread out widely from Mac Kyoung(脈診) of Wang Suk wha(王叔和), the future medicins followed it. Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) and established Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) which is used widely today. This right and left Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診), we call it method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 7) We can think the base which presume the arrangement of the viscera for Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺) of the right and the left. 8) The origin, which seperate the right and the left of Mac(脈), is showed at the treory of Ji Jin Yo Dae(至眞要大論) in So Mun(素問) which Chon Chuk(寸尺) seperate the right and the left. But the method of diagnosis in Nan Kyoung(難經) have no seperation the fight and the left. Otherwise this. there is clearly writtened the seperation for the right origin of the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈) seek for Cang Gong(倉公). 9) Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) notice that the Chuk(尺) is mentioned for Sam Cho(三焦) in the method of Mac Kyuong(脈經), Sim Po Kyung(心包經) which put together with Sam Cho(三焦) allot on this, he had established the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 10) On the method of Paen Jak Yin Yang Mac(扁鵲陰陽脈) in Mac Kyoung(脈經), equal article exist with the theory of Pyung In Kee Sang(平人氣象論) in So Mun(素問). When Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) write Mac Kyung(脈經), we can presume that the book of Mac(脈) which Paen Jak(扁鵲) had experienced the origin have exited besides So Mun(素問), Young Chu(靈樞). If so he must be make Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) very fairly standard. So Nae Kyoung(內經), which must be fllowed the method of Paen Jak Mac(扁鵲脈), do the method diagnosis of Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺), diagnise of disease and treat.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2006

We came to the conclusion as follows from the research about pulse diagnostic technique (脈診) out of "Nan Jinghoeju jeonjung" (難經滙注箋正). 1. "Nan Jing" is practical medical book for clinician and holds different opinions about three portions and nine takings(三部九候脈法) from Huang Di Nei Jing's Taking the pulse of Bu Jung Chim Chon Kwan Chuk((浮中沈 寸關尺) is a quite creative means which has been a important role to future generation. 2. We pointed the differences between western medical science and traditional medical science. And can explain the pulse in western medicine divided from twelve channels of Oriental Medicine. We can explain special connection between heart and lungs using the theory of systemic & pulmonary circulation in western medicine. And this can be a basement of Lung controls every pulse theory in oriental medicine. 3. We have negative assertion about viewing the human body using theory of Yin and Yang-Five Elements. And have poor opinion of explaining about the matching internal organs to Chon Kwan Chuk using the theory of Yin and Yang-Five Elements. 4. We pointed out the mistake that Porak & Sang hwa act for heart. We took pulses considering heart is a real actual internal organ as others. 5. We denied the theory of Man's Chuk pulse is always weak(男子尺脈恒弱) & Woman's Chuk pulse is always strong(女子尺脈恒盛). The physical form of man and woman is not different from each other considering their inheritances from forefather & same shape of organs. So, we cannot insist on the theory.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Objectives : The study on the affected factor of the pulse wave is important in the pulse wave part. The purpose of this study is to secure the objective data of pulse-wave parameter on the food intakes affected the radial pulse-wave. Methods : The study was carried out healthy adult men. We researched the blood circulation index and the changes of the pulse factor according to 'before meal', 'right after meal', '30 minute after meal', '1 hour after meal' and '2 hours after meal'. We analyzed the changes according the time schedule. And analyzed the difference between 'before meal' and 'after meal'on the pulse-wave parameter. Results : The results were as follows. 1. HR, ECO and ECI were showed the highest increase 'after meal' and the significant decrease in '2 hours after meal' with 'before meal' degree. 2. In the pulse energy, 'left hand average pulse energy' was showed the highest increase 'after meal', and 'right hand average pulse energy' and 'right Quan(關)' were showed the highest increase in '30 minute after meal'. 3. h1 of '6 part of left and right hand'(Chon-Quan-Chuk, 寸關尺) was showed the significant difference statistically in 'left Chuk' and 'right Quan'. 4. T was showed the highest 'before meal' and the lowest after meal in '6 part of left and right' (Chon-Quan-Chuk, 寸關尺). 5. RAI was showed the highest 'before meal' in '6 part of left and right'(Chon-Quan-Chuk 寸關尺). Conclusions : From the about results, the food intakes was considered important factor of pulse formation. On the factor affected the pulse, we considered that continuous study needs for the future.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2012

Objective : Studying Naekyung's relation with confirmation of the three segments in the Chongu-mac palpation and the assignments of five vidcera and six entails. Finding the original principles of the segmemt confirmation in the Chongu-mac palpation from Naekyung. Method : Analyzing the relating contents of the Palpation of Chuk-bu and Chongwanchuk-sambu in Somoon, Macyojungmiron. Performing comparative study on the successive doctors' notes. Result : Found that the confirmation of the three segments in the Chongu-mac palpation and the assignments of five vidcera and six entails was originated from Naekyung. The original diagnotic principles of Naekyung are more clearly revealed. Conclusion : Somoon, Macyojungmiron is about the palpation of Chuk-bu. Somoon, Macyojungmiron is the origin of Chongu-mac diagnosis. The method of dividing the three segments in Chongu-mac diagnosis is from Somoon, Macyojungmiron. The Chongu-mac diagnosis should follow the principles found in Naekyung.