• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2012

Chrysanthemum morifolium (C. morifolium) is a perennial plant herb widely distributed in Korea and has been used in a traditional herbal remedy for various diseases. This study was conducted to determine antioxidant activities and antigenotoxic effect in water, acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts from white and yellow C. morifolium flowers (WC and YC). The antioxidants properties were evaluated on the basis of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The highest TPC (5.09 g/100 g GAE) showed in YC methanol extract. The DPPH RSA activity of WC and YC water extracts increased as its concentration increase from 50 to 1000 mg/mL, respectively, and the lowest $IC_{50}$ of DPPH RAS showed in YC of $25^{\circ}C$. Also, WC solvent extracts showed significantly higher DPPH RSA than YC solvent extracts. The SOD-like activity of YC water extracts were higher than WC water extracts. And, YC acetone extract and WC methanol extract showed significantly higher SOD-like activity than WC acetone extract and YC methanol extract, respectively. The antigenotoxicity of WC and YC extracts were determined by measuring inhibitory effects of $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage in human leukocytes using the comet assay, resulting that the ethanol extracts of WC and YC showed a significant antigenotoxic effect against oxidative stress. These results suggest that C. morifolium has significant antioxidant activity and protective effect against oxidative DNA damage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2015

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important postharvest fungal pathogens of cut flowers. Here, gamma irradiation, an alternative for phytosanitary purposes, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) were used to control B. cinerea in a cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivar, 'Baekma', one of the cultivars susceptible to B. cinerea. Spore germination and mycelium growth of B. cinerea were inhibited by gamma irradiation in an inversely dose-dependent manner. A dose of 4 kGy completely inhibited the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. A significant change in flower quality (physical properties) on chrysanthemum was shown from gamma irradiation at over 0.2 kGy (p<0.05). Therefore, in this study, the integration of gamma ray (below 0.2 kGy) and NaDCC, an eco-friendly form of chlorine, was investigated to control the disease with low dose of gamma irradiation dose. Interestingly, the gamma irradiated flowers showed more disease severity than the non-irradiated flowers. The combined treatment of gamma irradiation and NaDCC does not affect the severity of the fungal disease, whereas only 70 ppm of NaDCC treatment showed a significantly reduced severity. These results suggest that only chlorination treatment can be applied to control B. cinerea in cut chrysanthemum flowers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

The antioxidative activity was measured on the substances of water and ethanol soluble extract from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Lycium chinensis Miller, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Angelica gigas Nakai, Zizyphus jojoba Miller, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Cnidium officinale Makino by four different in vitro experimental models of DPPH (a,a'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) method, superoxide dismutase like activity, thiocyanate method, and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. The Lycium chinensis Miller contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds. The electron donating ability of water extract from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum were higher than those of the others. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of water extract from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge was the highest among those of all the others. The water extract from Zizyphus jujuba Miller showed the highest antioxidative activity determined by TBARS method. Compared to the control, the inducing period associated with the oxidation degree was delayed up to 8 days in both the water extract from Chrysanthemum, Lycium chinensis Miller, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and the in ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum and Glycyrrhiz uralensis Fischer. These results support that water and ethanol extracts from 8 kinds of medicinal herbs contain antioxidative compounds.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts from the herbal teas such as Lonicera japonica Thunberg (L. japonica), Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (C. morifolium), Mentha arvensis L. (M. arvensis), and P.rhizoma. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. And DNA cleavage assay was performed to evaluate an anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Results : L. japonica scavenged DPPH radical by 9.8% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 24.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 61.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 75.8% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, C. morifolium and M. arvensis removed DPPH radical by 15.6% and 10.4% at 12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$, 34.8% and 22.8% at 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66.9% and 43.3% at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 87.4% and 69.1% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and 92.1% and 73.2% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. However, P. rhizoma did not affect on DPPH radical scavenging. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was highest in L. japonica, but lowest in P. rhizoma among the herbal teas. In addition, the extracts from L. japonica, C. morifolium and M. arvensis inhibited oxidative DNA damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, the extracts from C. morifolium inhibited NO production. In addition, it suppressed the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, this study indicates that L. japonica, M. arvensis and C. morifolium possess the protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, C. morifolium exerts an anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2020

In order to industrialize of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul., which is a lot of commercially available and is synonymous with chrysanthemum tea, in the autumn of 2018, Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. seeds were collected from its own native region, and the seeds were germinated after refrigerated storage. Young seedlings were subjected to experiments in February, March, and April in the open field to examine the effects on the harvesting of leaves by distance and the growth of leaves and stems. The results of analyzing the components by collecting the leaves+stem after collecting the flower of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. are as follows. 1. When D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings were planted according to the transplanting date, the number of flowers was 17.1 in the transplanting date in April. The diameter of the flower was 2.9cm, 16ea, 6.5~6.6g in the fresh weight, and the dry weight of the case was 1.1~1.2g. The leaves were 46~47ea in March and April in the planted area, 5.2~5.3cm in leaf length and 3.5~3.6cm in leaf width. 2. When planted D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings according to transplanting distance, the number of flowers was 16.2 when planted at 20×20cm intervals and, 16.8~17.1 at 30×30~50×50cm intervals. The diameter of the flower was 2.7~2.8cm, the number of petals was 8, the length of the petal was 0.8 cm, and fresh weight was 6.5~6.6g per flower. Leaves had the largest number of 47 of 30×30cm and 40×40cm, and leaf length appeared at the longest 6.2cm in the 50×50cm treatment area, but 5.2cm in the other treatment areas. 3. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaves+stems was 7.93%, and the extraction solvent colors were light green at 50, 60% and green at 70, 80, 90, 100%. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers was 7.58%, the color of the extraction solvent was light yellow at 50, 60 and 70%, yellow at 80 and 90%, and dark yellow at 100%. 4. We confirmed 11 kinds of ingredients such as in D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers are gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, methyl gallate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, naringin, 4-melthoxyben, flavone. The content was 29.200-36.900ppm. 5. The components contained in the D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaf+stem, salicylic acid appeared at 6,129.526ppm, and the next 4-methoxyben was 1,966.714ppm. It was methyl gallate 8.197ppm, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic 6.994ppm, caffeic acid 5.566ppm, flavone 4.522ppm, p-coumaric acid 3.787ppm, gallic acid 1.893ppm that appeared in the content below 10ppm.