• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.752-756
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare 2 laxatives, namely, polyethylene glycol 4000 without electrolytes and lactulose, evaluating the efficacy and safety for the treatment of constipation in children. Methods : Fifty-six children with chronic functional constipation were randomly assigned to receive polyethylene glycol 4000 (24 patients) or lactulose (32 patients). Patients or their parents reported defecation frequency, stool consistency, abdominal pain, stool incontinence and side effects after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Percentage of recovered patients were compared with each group. Results : Defecation frequency, abdominal pain and stool incontinence were improved in each group. At 12 months of follow up, 60% of patients treated with polyethylene glycol and 57.7% of patients treated with lactulose were considered as recovered. Conclusion : In this study, both polyethylene glycol and lactulose were equally effective and safe in the long-term treatment of constipation in children. There were no significant differences in recovery rates between 2 groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.649-661
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• 2020

This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HD), Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg). For the low-fiber diet-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group (normal diet), negative control group (low-fiber diet), positive control group (Agio granule, 620 mg/kg), and the same treatment groups. Fecal number, weight, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio were higher in the groups treated with HP, HD, and PM than in the groups treated with loperamide or low-fiber diet. Thickness of colon mucosa and muscle layers were increased in the treated groups. Colon tension increased in the HP groups, and [Ca²⁺]i measurements using fura-2 as an indicator showed that HP inhibits ATP-mediated Ca²⁺ influx in IEC-18 cells. These results showed that the HP mixture has laxative activity by increased mucin secretion and inducing contractile activity and relaxation. It may be a useful therapeutic strategy for ameliorating in chronic constipation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term outcome and the factors contributing to treatment outcome for chronic functional constipation in children. Methods: Sixty three children were enrolled who had chronic functional constipation and could be followed by telephone contact. They were treated at the Bucheon Soonchunhyang Hospital for more than 1 month and observed from March 2001 to June 2005. We analyzed the clinical features, symptoms and signs, as well as the course and results of treatment. Results: The male to female ratio was 35 (55.6%) : 28 (44.4%). The mean age at the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was $21.1{\pm}23.5$ (1.9~84.0) months and $47.1{\pm}34.2$ (6.9~138.0) months, respectively. The mean defecation frequency before treatment was $3.2{\pm}2.3$ (0.5~10.0) times per week. The symptoms associated with constipation were as follows: soiling 34 (54.0%) which was more common in males than females, large stools in 30 (47.6%), decreased bowel movements less than three times a week in 20 (31.7%), straining during defecation in 19 (30.2%) and retentive posturing 19 (30.2%). The mean duration of follow-up was $34.2{\pm}14.6$ (3.6~60.0) months and 44 (69.8%) patients had their symptoms resolve ("success") and 19 (30.2%) were not resloved ("fail") from the constipation. The time for recovery from soiling, straining during defecation and retentive posturing after treatment was $4.3{\pm}2.4$ (1.0~36.0), $5.0{\pm}1.4$ (0.8~36.0) and $5.0{\pm}3.1$ (1.0~36.0) months, respectively. A relapse of the constipation occurred in 15 (23.8%) patients, 9 (60%) boys and 6 (40%) girls. The time to relapse after cessation of treatment was $2.9{\pm}1.9$ (1.0~6.0) months and the only risk factor associated with relapse was the initial duration of treatment. Conclusion: Most of the patients had resolution of symptoms within five months after treatment; relapse occurred within three months after the interruption of treatment. The duration of treatment was important for recovery and for the prevention of relapse in the constipated children. Thus a long term maintenance of therapy and follow-up is necessary for chronic functional constipation in children.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2019

Saururus chinensis (SC) belongs to the dicotyledonous plants, and its roots, leaves and flowers are white, so it is named three hundred and seconds. It is mainly distributed in Korea, China and Japan. In Korea, it is a native plant distributed in Jejudo and Jirisan areas. It has been known to improve blood circulation, anticarcinogenic effects and purge. However, studies of the efficacy on digestive system is few. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral administered-SC extract in loperimide-induced constipation rats. The amount, weight and water content of the stools were measured. The number and type of stools in the large intestines were measured, and the amount of intestinal mucus was analyzed by serological analysis and histologic special staining. The severity of constipation in SC groups was significantly less than that in control group (non-SC rats). Digital Image processing also showed weaker inflammation on the large intestines of SC groups than that of control group (non-SC group). Especially, with increased dose dependent manner of SC extract, the amount and integrity of intestinal mucus increased. These results suggest that SC extract may prevent the symptoms of constipation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.715-723
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• 2002

In recent yearn, eating habit that is not right causes disease the dietary fiber (DF) intakes of Korean decreases. Occurrence of chronic disease such as constipation increased gradually. This study was performed to investigate of high fiber standard recipes for one day including major source of DF such as vegetables, cereals and grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi and mushrooms, and legumes and products for improving constipation through dietary treatment. Nutrient analysis per person marked energy, protein, fat and DF content. The food of high I : S ratio (Insoluble fibers: Soluble fibers) are soybean sprout salad, rice gruel with vegetables, pan fried mushroom with vegetables. The food of low I:S ratio are fermented soybean paste stew, fried rice with kimchi, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The menu developed in this study, contains fiber of at least 8.97 times of RDA and in point view of 1 day intake, that is similar to the scope of RDA, 20-25 g per day. This findings should be appliable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation. And also, the aim of study is constipation patients easily applicate that developed the food of high fiber using Korean common food. And the result of the study will be the basic data about clinical test of food developed in this study and the danger of high fiber diet. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yoghurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. This findings should be applicable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.90-93
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• 2002

The purgative activity of Seunggitang prescriptions (Deseunggitang, Soseunggitang and Joweseunggitang) was measured to compare the laxative potency of these herbal prescriptions. Daeseunggitang and Jowiseunggitang more potently stimulated the transportation of small and large intestine than Rhei Rhizoma alone. However, the small and large intestine transportation activities of Soseunggitang were similar to those of Rhei Rhizoma alone. Soseunggitang inhibited nitrite production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and trypsin than the other Seunggitangs. The inhibitory activity of Jowiseunggitang was more potent on nitrite production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells than those of Daeseunggitang. These results suggest that Daeseunggitang can be used as a emergent purgative for patients with severe fever and constipation, Soseunggitang can be as a mild purgative for chronic constipation with inflammation and Jowiseunggitang can be as a potent purgative for patients for severe constipation and weak colitis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2021

This case study reports the effects of complex Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon, on Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) accompanied by chronic constipation and abdominal pain as the main symptoms. A 39-year-old woman diagnosed with LEMS with major symptoms, including chronic constipation and acute abdominal pain, received Western treatment. The treatment efficacy was weak and symptoms recurred, so the patient received outpatient treatment and 13 days of hospitalization for active Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon. During outpatient treatment and hospitalization, defecation frequency and the numeric rating scale (NRS) for abdominal pain and abdominal cold feeling were measured. The NRS for abdominal pain and cold decreased from 8 at admission to 3 and 0, respectively, at discharge. Defecation frequency increased significantly from once or twice a month to once every 2-3 days during hospitalization. This study results that complex Korean medicine treatment, including Nangan-jeon may be useful for treating patients who mainly complain of autonomic neurological symptoms, among patients diagnosed with LEMS. In addition, it is believed that it could be basic data applicable to more LEMS patient treatment cases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects children and young adults. Its cause remains unknown. The incidence of pediatric Crohn's disease is increasing, so it is important for clinicians to be aware of the presentation of this disease in the pediatric population. The majority of patients complain of abdominal pain (72%), with only 25% presenting with the 'classical triad' of abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Many children with Crohn's disease present in a 'non-classical' manner, with vague complaints such as lethargy or anorexia, which may be associated with only mild abdominal discomfort. Other symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, growth retardation, malnutrition, delayed puberty, psychiatric symptoms, arthropathy, and erythema nodosum. Severe constipation and abdominal distension are uncommon symptoms at diagnosis. We report a case of pediatric Crohn's disease, which was diagnosed after the patient presented with severe constipation and abdominal distension.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.454-456
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• 2014

A 9-month-old intact male Persian cat (3.2 kg of body weight) was referred with primary complaint of constipation. Diagnostic studies found severe constipation and megacolon. After immediate medical treatment (e.g. enema), the physical examination was performed and revealed that the unusual urethral opening was found approximately 0.5 cm ventral to the tip of the penis where a 3.5 fr tomcat catheter was easily advanced into the bladder. The case was diagnosed as hypospadias. The cat was treated with castration and medical therapy for constipation. To our best knowledge, this case is the first case report for feline hypospadias complicated with chronic constipation in Korea.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2006

Insomnia is one of the most common clinical symptom those almost patients with neuropsychiatric disorder complain. and the most common cause of insomnia in neuropsychiatric disorder is the major depressive disorder. We experienced a 59 year-old male who complained of recurrent insomnia in spite of taking medicines(nervines, antidepressants, etc,) during 30 years. We had given herbal medicine, acupuncture treatment and aroma therapy with continuing medications. The patient had several sypmtoms as anxiety, agitation, feeling thirsty, chronic constipation, and etc. beside the insomnia. After the patient took the herbal medicine, especially Sam-Hwang-Sa-Sim-Tang, he could have a sound sleep and be relaxed. In this case, we concluded that oriental medical treatment can be an effective remedy of chronic insomnia that responds to neuropsychiatric medications incompletely and Sam-Hwang-Sa-Sim-Tang is effective to a kind of insomnia with agitation, anxiety, thirsty, constipation, and etc.