• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.477-492
• /
• 1999

The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권13호
• /
• pp.5199-5203
• /
• 2015

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa associated tissue lymphomas. Cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) is one of the virulence factors of H.pylori. It is hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play roles in H.pylori associated disease especially in development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Individuals infected with H.pylori bearing CagA produce more ROS than others. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is an in vitro marker of DNA damage and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 8OHdG level, H.pylori infection and CagA and alterations of serum 8OHdG level after H.pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted with dyspeptic complaints and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were assessed. H.pylori was determined from histopathology of specimens. Serum 8OHdG levels of three groups (H.pylori negative, H. pylori positive CagA negative and H.pylori positive CagA positive) were compared. Patients with H.pylori infection received eradication therapy. Serum 8OHdG levels pretreatment and posttreatment were also compared. Results: In total, 129 patients (M/F, 57/72) were enrolled in the study. Serum 8OHdG level of H.pylori negative, H. pylori positive CagA negative and H.pylori positive CagA positive groups were significantly different ($5.77{\pm}1.35ng/ml$, $5.43{\pm}1.14ng/ml$ and $7.57{\pm}1.25ng/ml$ respectively, p=0.05). Furthermore, eradication therapy reduced serum 8OHdG level ($6.10{\pm}1.54ng/ml$ vs $5.55{\pm}1.23ng/ml$, p=0.05). Conclusions: Individuals infected with H.pylori bearing CagA strains have the highest serum 8OHdG level and eradication therapy decreases the serum 8OHdG level. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that evaluated the effect of CagA virulence factor on serum 8OHdG level and the effect of eradication therapy on serum 8OHdG levels together. Eradication of CagA bearing H.pylori may prevent gastric adenocarcinoma by decreasing ROS. 8OHdG level may thus be a good marker for prevention from gastric adenocarcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권20호
• /
• pp.8969-8974
• /
• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of health promoting lifestyle behaviour among medical students attending seven of the medical schools in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional descriptive study was performed during the second semester of the first and last (sixth) years of study from March to May 2011. A questionnaire with two sections was specifically designed. The first section contained questions on demographic characteristics; the second consisted of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP) Scale. From a total of 2,309 medical students, 2,118 (response rate 91.7%) completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t, Anova, Tukey test and binary logistic regression analysis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Erciyes University. Results: The mean age was $20.7{\pm}2.9$ years and it was found that 55.1% were men, 62.3% were in the first year. The overall prevalence of smoking was 19.1%, and for drinking alcohol was 19.4%. HPLP point averages of the first year students were $129.2{\pm}17.7$, and for last year $125.5{\pm}19.0$. The overall mean score for the HPLP II was $2.5{\pm}0.4$. They scored highest on the spiritual growth subscale ($2.9{\pm}0.5$), interpersonal relations ($2.8{\pm}0.5$), health responsibility subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.5$), nutrition subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.5$), stress management subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.4$), and the lowest subscale physical activity ($2.0{\pm}0.5$). It is established that student's grade, educational level of parents, economic status of family, marital status, smoking and general health perception of the students resulted in a significant difference in HPLP Scale total score average and the mean score of majority of subscales. There was no statistically significant difference between the total HPLP when evaluated for gender, chronic disease, alcohol drinking status and BMI. Conclusions: Based on these results, particularly in the curriculum of medical students in order to increase positive health behaviours including physical activity, health promotion issues, and giving more space to aim at behaviour change in these matters is recommended.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.163-177
• /
• 2008

Periodontal disease, a form of chronic inflammatory bacterial infectious disease, is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated in periodontal disease and widely studied for its role in the pathogenesis of CVD. A previous study demonstrating that periodontopathic P. gingivalis is involved in CVD showed that invasion of endothelial cells by the bacterium is accompanied by an increase in cytokine production, which may result in vascular atherosclerotic changes. The present study was performed in order to further elucidate the role of P. gingivalis in the process of atherosclerosis and CVD. For this purpose, invasion of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) by P. gingivalis 381 and its isogenic mutants of KDP150 ($fimA^-$), CW120 ($ppk^-$) and KS7 ($relA^-$) was assessed using a metronidazole protection assay. Wild type P. gingivalis invaded HASMCs with an efficiency of 0.12%. In contrast, KDP150 failed to demonstrate any invasive ability. CW120 and KS7 showed relatively higher invasion efficiencies, but results for these variants were still negligible when compared to the wild type invasiveness. These results suggest that fimbriae are required for invasion and that energy metabolism in association with regulatory genes involved in stress and stringent response may also be important for this process. ELISA assays revealed that the invasive P. gingivalis 381 increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and the chemotactic cytokines (chemokine) IL (interleukin)-8 and monocyte chemotactic (MCP) protein-1 during the 30-90 min incubation periods (P<0.05). Expression of RANTES (regulation upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), was increased in HASMCs infected with P. gingivalis 381 by RT-PCR analysis. P. gingivalis infection did not alter interferon-$\gamma$-inducible protein-10 expression in HASMCs. HASMC nonspecific necrosis and apoptotic cell death were measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and caspase activity assays, respectively. LDH release from HASMCs and HAMC caspase activity were significantly higher after a 90 min incubation with P. gingivalis 381. Taken together, P. gingivalis invasion of HASMCs induces inflammatory cytokine production, apoptotic cell death, and expression of TLR-4, a PRR which may react with the bacterial molecules and induce the expression of the chemokines IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES. Overall, these results suggest that invasive P. gingivalis may participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, leading to CVD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.21-24
• /
• 2011

구강건조증이란 주관적인 구강 내 건조감으로 정의되며, 이는 약물, 타액선 질환, 방사선 치료, 쉐그렌 증후군, 심리적 요인 등과 같은 다양한 원인에서 비롯된다. 구강 건조증 환자 중 현저한 타액선 기능 감소가 존재하는 경우 구강캔디다증, 치아우식증, 치주질환, 미각변화, 구취 등의 병발증이 나타날 수 있다. 이러한 구강건조증의 치료로는 우선적으로 구강건조를 유발하는 원인요소를 제거하거나, 환자의 불편감을 감소시키기 위한 대증요법이 주가 되며 실제로 타액 분비 기능이 감소된 경우 이로 인한 합병증을 예방하기 위한 치료와 타액분비를 자극할 수 있는 약물치료를 시행할 수 있다. 이 중 타액분비를 촉진시키는 약물인 필로카핀은 구강건조증 치료제로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 발한작용, 비뇨기 및 위장관계의 비정상적인 기능유도, 심혈관계 및 호흡기계에 대한 위험 등의 부작용이 있어 천식, 만성폐질환, 심혈관계 질환자에게는 주의 깊은 사용이 요구되며, 특히 조절되지 않는 천식환자의 경우 필로카핀의 절대적 금기증으로 사용이 금지된다. 이처럼 구강건조증 치료에 있어 필로카핀은 부작용으로 인해 전신적인 투여에 많은 제한이 있다. 따라서, 필로카핀의 부작용을 최소화하기 위해 국소적으로 사용되는 방법 중의 하나인 필로카핀 양치액을 이용하여 치료한 증례를 통해 그 효과를 확인해보고자 하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2011

우리나라는 1990년대 이후 겨울에서 봄철로 이어지는 시기에 지역적으로 만성적인 가뭄이 계속되고 있고, 특히 2001년에는 기상관측이래 때 이른 무더위와 극심한 가뭄으로 전국적으로 피해를 입었다. 가뭄에 대한 경제적인 손실은 홍수에 비해서 2~3배정도 달하고 있으며 미국 해양기상청(NOAA)이 선정한 20세기 최대의 자연재해 중 세계 각지에서 발생한 4개의 가뭄이 상위 5위안에 랭크된 바 있고, 미국 국립가뭄경감센터(NDMC)에서 발표한 통계재해 유형별 연평균피해액 중 가뭄피해가 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 국내에도 2001년 봄 가뭄 시 국내총생산 성장률 0.45% 소비자물가 0.31% 상승하는 등 가뭄에 의한 경제적인 손실과 영향력은 막대하였음에도 불구하고 홍수 등에 대비해서는 수해방지종합대책 등 국가차원의 사전대책을 마련하여 시행하고 있는 반면, 가뭄에 대해서는 종합적인 사전예방대책보다는 응급복구 위주로 되어 있고 가뭄상황을 객관적으로 표현할 수 있는 지표도 명확하지 않아 이에 대한 체계적인 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 RCM 강수모의 자료를 이용하여 표준강수지수(SPI)를 산정하여 가뭄의 변동성을 평가하였다. 또한 산정 되어진 표준강수지수를 이용하여 가뭄의 시공간적인 변동성 분석을 실시하여 2015년대, 2045년대 및 2075년대로 나누어 가뭄지수의 주성분 분석을 통하여 현재와의 차이점을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.708-718
• /
• 1997

The author surveyed overall obesity indicies and factors concerned with obesity such as dietary intake, physical activity, stress and life style with the subject of doctors. The number of subjects was total 508 with 396 men and 112 women. They were subgrouped into surgical part, medical part and service and basic part by speciality. And also subgrouped into intern and resident, pay doctor, and practitioner by working type. The results were as follows. 1) Obesity indices: BMI of total doctor was $23.1{\pm}2.8$, and WHR was $0.87{\pm}0.08$ and overweight prevalence(BMI>25.0) was 23.6%. It was within normal limit but slightly over the Korean standard. The degree of obesity indices of subgroups by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part', and by working type was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. 2) Dietary intake and Physical activity: Average dietary intake was $2148{\pm}451kcal/day$. The degree of dietary intake by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part'. By working type it was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. Average physical activity was $29{\pm}5$ METs/day. The degree of physical activity also showed similiar pattern. But there was no significant difference among each groups. 3) Comparision between over-weight and non-over-weight group: The items that showed significant difference between two groups were dietary intake, skip breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, heavy drinking, chronic disease etc.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2020

사회의 급속한 발전과 함께 수반되는 환경오염이 인간의 건강을 위협하는 커다란 위험인자로 인식되기 시작하면서 공기오염을 억제하기 위한 노력과 공기오염에 의해 유발되는 여러 질환을 억제 및 치료하기 위한 연구개발이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 인간 건강에 나쁜 영향을 주는 공기오염의 주된 원인중의 하나인 미세먼지는 (particulate matter, PM) 크기에 따라 일반미세먼지와(PM₁₀) 초미세먼지(PM_2.5)로 나누어 질 수 있으며, 호흡기, 소화기, 및 피부에 흡수 및 부착되어 이상 면역반응을 유발하여 만성호흡기질환, 당뇨병 및 면역질환등을 촉진하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그동안 인류의 건강을 위해 미세먼지의 발생을 억제하기 위한 범 국가적 노력과 함께 미세먼지의 유해성을 증명하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 총설에서는 여러 인체질환에 있어서 미세먼지가 미치는 유해성을 중심으로 소개하고 미세먼지의 생물학적 위험성을 평가하는 세포 및 동물실험법에 대해 요약하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2001

The oxidative stress causes the cell damage and death and thereby, stimulates membrane lipid peroxidation. In this study, the correlation between the lipid peroxidation product and the parameter of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was investigated in cholestasis induced rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (sham: sham operation, BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II : bile duct ligation/scission) and were observed for 2 or 4 weeks. After observation period, the organs were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. Sera and liver tissue were used for the measurement of malondealdehyde (MDA), parameter of clinical biochemistry, total collagen content and the staining. The ratio of organ weight/body weight in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II was significantly increased compared to sham operated group. Serological parameters (Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and Total bilirubin) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group were significantly higher than those in sham operated group. Concentration of MDA in BDL/S-I (261%) and BDL/S-II(790%) was significantly increased compared to MDA in sham operated group. And the content of hydroxyproline (hyp) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group was significantly increased 2~4 times than in sham operated group. The good correlations between hyp in liver tissue and MDA in sera of sham operated group and all operated group were found (r=0.825). The significantly higher value of MDA, hyp and serological parameters in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group suggests the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chronic liver damage. Especially the activation of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of liver fibrosis was stronger in BDL/S-II group than in BDL/S-I group. The stronger fibrosis, portal-portal septum formation, the more massive bile duct proliferation in portal triads and stroma, and hepatocytes swelling were observed in liver tissue of and BDL/S-II group compared to BDL/S-I group. Conclusively, a good correlation between MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and hyp as a liver fibrotic parameter could be connected with the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, cholestasis condition may cause jaundice, activation of lipid peroxidation, and collagen accumulation in liver. Additionally, optimal observation period of bile duct obstruction for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in rats would be four weeks.