• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.39-57
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• 1985

Presented in this paper the data from a chromosome study of 397 patients referred for suspected chromosmal abnormalities. Karyotypes were obtained using short-term blood culture and direct method. Of these 238 patients had normal chromosome complements; 159 (40.1%) patients had chromosome abnormality. Among all patients with chromosome abnormalities, 82.4% (131/159) had aberrations of chromosome number, the others 17.60/0 (28/159\ had aberrations of chromosome structure. Ten had a chromosome rearrangement; Five of them were reciprocal and five Robertsonian translocations. Four patients with pericentric inversions and one with paracentric inversions and four with isochromosomes were observed. There were four patients with marker chromosome, two patients had a chromosome insertion; and three others. (additional abnormal chromosomes.) Thus the results of the present study indicate the importance of cytogenetic evaluation in clinically abnormal patients.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the protein kinase inhibitors, 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) and cycloheximide (CHXM) on the development and chromosome constitution of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. In vitro matured oocytes were activated by electric stimuli (ES) or a combination of ES with culture in 2 mM DMAP or $10{\mu}g/ml$ CHXM for 4 hr. Activated oocytes were cultured in PZM-3 for 6 days. Some 1-cell embryos and blastocysts were fixed by air dry method to analyze the chromosome constitutions and/or total cell number. Blastocyst development of DMAP-treated group (26.7%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of CHXM-treated and ES control groups. Ploidy in 1-cell stage embryos was not different among groups (77.3 to 81.0%), however, proportion of diploid chromosome constitutions was high in DMAP-treated group (61.9%, p<0.05). In the blastocyst stage, proportion of diploid chromosome plates was significantly high in DMAP-treated group (64.2%, p<0.05), and proportion of abnormal chromosome plates was higher in CHXM-treated group (36.6%, p<0.05) than DMAP-treated group (28.3%,). Proportion of embryos with abnormal chromosome constitutions was slightly increased by DMAP (40.0%) and CHXM (42.1%) treatment due to the increasing of mixoploid (47.4 and 52.0%). The present study shows that the DMAP treatment increase the development of porcine parthenotes. However, parthenogenetic activation by ES or combined treatment with ES and DMAP or CHXM detrimentally affects the chromosome constitutions of porcine parthenotes during early embryonic development, leads to increased abnormal ploidy in the blastocyst stage.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.153-156
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• 2010

한국산 솜다리속 4종에 대한 염색체수를 조사하였다. 산솜다리(L. leiolepis)의 염색체수는 설악산에서 채집된 개체에서 2n = 24로 처음으로 보고되었다. 왜솜다리(L. japonicum) 염색체수는 국내 3지역에서 조사된 개체에서 모두 2n = 28로 동일하였다. 하지만 기존 보고된 한국(2n=26)과 일본산(2n=21, 26)과는 차이를 보였다. 같은 sect. Nobilia에 속하며 형태적으로 유사한 왜솜다리와 한라솜다리(L. hallaisanense)는 염색체수가 2n = 28로 동일하였다. 한국산 들떡쑥(L. leontopodioides)의 염색체수(2n = 24)는 기존 러시아산에서 보고된 것(2n = 26)과 차이를 보였다. 한국산 솜다리속 종들의 염색체는 모두 4배체이거나 이수체로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1971

Lilium Miquelianum Makino is a species which originated in Korea. The Karyotype of the species was examined in materials collected at Mts. Kaya, Kasan, Chejung, and Kaji. The results are as follows: 1) The somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n=24. 2) The karyotype is described as: K=2Am＋2Bkm＋2Csst＋2Dsst＋2Ests＋2Fst＋2Gst＋2Hst＋2Ist＋2Jsst＋2Kst＋2Lst m: metacentric, sm: submetacentric st: subtelocentric, s: secondary constriction 3) A single subcentric supernumerary B-chromosome was found in some bulbs from Mt. Kasan. 4) The shape of the supernumerary B-chromosome was similar to that of the E chromosome which had separated at its secondary constriction and lost its lower chromosome fragment. 5) From three to eight nucleio of varying sizes were found in the telophase or interphase nucleus of root tip cells. The maximum number of eight nucleoli corresponds to the number of chromosomes that have a secondary constriction.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2008

To identify low temperature-induced genes of wheat chromosome substitution line 5D, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed with mRNAs from leaf samples that treated with low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA isolated from wheat chromosome substitution line 5D leaves treated with low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative gene products were compared. wfr-9 and wfr-32 showed identity over 90% related to vernalization gene. Other two genes, wfr-77 and wfr-83 which is related to freezing-resistant gene have also identity over 90%. This result suggest that those genes may be transcribed into antifreeze proteins which are accumulated within leaf apoplasts, when wheat chromosome substitution line 5D is acclimated during low temperature treatment.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2022

Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) is characterized by unbranched culms, one terminal spikelet, bisexual flowers, and bristly perianths, occurring mainly in circumboreal marshes and wetlands. There are about 250 species worldwide, and 15 taxa in Korea have been recognized. Chromosomes in Cyperaceae are known to be holocentric, missing constricted centromeres during cell division. For the first time, we report the chromosome counts of Eleocharis from Korean populations of E. attenuata f. laeviseta (Nakai) H. Hara (2n = 20); E. parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer (2n = 10); E. ussuriensis Zinserl. (2n = 16); and E. valleculosa var. setosa Ohwi (2n = 16). The populations exhibit variations in their chromosome sizes from ca.1.7 ㎛ to ca. 6 ㎛, categorized as gradient and bimodal karyotypes. The karyotypes observed are congruent with previous phylogenetic groups proposed. To clarify the traditional and phylogenetic classification of Korean Eleocharis, further taxonomic and chromosomal investigations with additional taxon sampling efforts are required.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

유전 알고리즘은 생물 유전학에 기본 이론을 두는 전역 탐색 알고리즘으로, 산업, 뉴럴 네트워크, 웹, 그리고 국방 등의 분야에서 활발히 사용되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 유전 알고리즘은 염색체의 개수가 고정되어 있는 형태여서 시뮬레이션 도중 초기에 주어진 상황보다 더 복잡한 상황이 주어질 수 있는 경우에는 적용이 힘들다는 한계점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위해서 염색체 비분리를 적용한 가변 염색체 유전 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고 염색체 수의 변화가 시뮬레이션 결과에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하기 위하여 대 잠수함 HVU 호위 임무 시뮬레이션에 염색체 비분리를 적용한 가변 염색체 유전 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 기존의 유전 알고리즘과는 달리 가변 염색체 유전 알고리즘에서는 더 복잡한 전술이 더 일찍 등장하였으며, 그에 따라 염색체 수가 증가하는 방향으로 진화가 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2019

Avian sex determination system involves the male ZZ and female ZW chromosomes. However, very few studies are reported the expression, functional role and importance of genes on the W chromosome because of its small and highly heterochromatic genomic regions. Recent studies demonstrated that the W chromosome may have critical roles in physiology, sex determination and subsequent sexual differentiation in chickens. Therefore, gene annotation, including describing the expression and function of genes in the chicken W chromosome, is needed. In this study, we have searched the W chromosome of chickens and selected a total of 36 genes to evaluated their specific expression in the testis and ovary at various developmental stages such as embryonic day 6 (E6), hatch and adult. Interestingly, out of 36 genes in chicken W chromosome, we have found seven female-specific expression at E6.5 day, indicating that they are functionally related to female chicken gonadal differentiation. In addition, we have identified the stage specific gene expression from the sex specific genes. Furthermore, we analyzed the relative location of genes in the chicken W chromosome. Collectively, these results will contribute molecular insights into the sexual determination, differentiation and female development based on the W chromosome.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

국내에 자생하는 황기속(Astragalus L.) 식물인 정선황기(A. koraiensis)의 핵형을 분석하고, 5S 및 45S rDNA 유전자를 이용한 FISH 실험에 기초하여 세포유전학적 연구를 수행하였다. 핵형 분석 결과, 정선황기의 체세포 염색체수는 2n = 16으로, 기본 염색체수는 x = 8임을 확인하였다. 염색체 조성은 6쌍의 중부염색체(염색체 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8)와 2쌍의 차중부염색체(염색체 2, 7)로 구성되었다. 정선황기의 염색체상에서의 FISH 결과, 1쌍의 45S rDNA signal이 5번 염색체의 동원체 부위에서 관찰되었고, 2쌍의 5S rDNA signal이 4번 염색체의 단완 말단부위와 7번 염색체의 동원체 부위에서 관찰되었다. 이는 기존의 황기 및 제주황기, 몽골황기(A. mongholicus) 와는 전혀 다른 FISH 패턴을 보이고 있어 정선황기가 고유종임을 암시하지만, 형태학적으로 유사한 갯황기(A. sikokianus) 및 A. bhotanensis 와의 비교연구를 수행하여 정확한 분류학적 처리가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with nine reproduction and morphological traits in three breed populations of Chinese goats. Methods: The genome-wide association of nine reproduction and morphological traits (litter size, nipple number, wattle, skin color, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were analyzed in three Chinese native goat breeds (n = 336) using an Illumina Goat SNP50 Beadchip. Results: A total of 17 genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs associated with one reproduction trait (litter size) and six morphological traits (wattle, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were identified in three Chinese native goat breeds, and the candidate genes were annotated. The significant SNPs and corresponding putative candidate genes for each trait are as follows: two SNPs located on chromosomes 6 (CSN3) and 24 (TCF4) for litter size trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 9 (KATNA1) and 1 (UBASH3A) for wattle trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 26 (SORCS3), 24 (DYM), and 20 (PDE4D) for coat color trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 18 (TCF25) and 15 (CLMP) for black dorsal line trait; four SNPs located on chromosome 8, 2 (PAX3), 5 (PIK3C2G), and 28 (PLA2G12B and OIT3) for beard trait; one SNP located on chromosome 18 (KCNG4) for beard length trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 17 (GLRB and GRIA2), 28 (PGBD5), and 4 for hind leg hair trait. In contrast, there were no SNPs identified for nipple number and skin color. Conclusion: The significant SNPs or genes identified in this study provided novel insights into the genetic mechanism underlying important reproduction and morphological traits of three local goat breeds in Southern China as well as further potential applications for breeding goats.