• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 1991

The chromatophore from the chemotrophically grown facultative anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa ATCC 17013 was isolated through stepwise sucrose gradient centrifugation. The isolated chromatophore showed high activities of the cytochrome $bc_{1}$ complex and cytochrome c oxidase. The activity of cytochrome $bc_{1}$ complex was completely inhibited by .5$\mu$M antimycin A,10$\mu$M myxothiazol, and that of cytochrome c oxidase was completely inhibited by .$50\mu$M KCM and $100\mu$M $NaN_{3}$but not inhibited by carbon monoxie. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase of th chromatophore was increased by addition of ionophores or protonophores. The reduced-oxidised difference sspectrum of cytochrome $bc_{1}$ complex isolated by affivity chromatography showed the absorption maxima at 553 nm(shoulder at 547 nm), 520 nm, and 418.5 nm, on the other hand, that of cytochrome c oxidase showed .alpha., .betha. and soret peaks at 554 nm, 523 nm, and 421 nm, respectively. The cytochrome c oxidase from chemotrophically grown Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa seems to be a b-type cytochrome c oxidase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2173-2179
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• 2017

The intracytoplasmic membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroides readily vesiculates when cells are lysed. The resulting chromatophore membrane vesicle (CMV) contains the photosynthetic machineries to synthesize ATP by ATPase. The light-dependent ATPase activity of CMV was lowered in the presence of $O_2$, but the activity increased to the level observed under anaerobic condition when the reaction mixture was supplemented with ascorbic acid (${\geq}0.5mM$). Cell lysis in the presence of biotinyl cap phospholipid (bcp) resulted in the incorporation of bcp into the membrane to form biotinylated CMV (bCMV), which binds to streptavidin resin at a ratio of approximately $24{\mu}g$ bacteriochlorophyll a/ml resin. The ATPase activity of CMV was not affected by biotinylation, but approximately 30% of the activity was lost by immobilization to resin. Interestingly, the remaining 70% of ATPase activity stayed constant during 7-day storage at $4^{\circ}C$. On the contrary, the ATPase activity of bCMV without immobilization gradually decreased to approximately 40% of the initial level in the same comparison. Thus, the ATPase activity of CMV is sustainable after immobilization, and the immobilized bCMV can be used repeatedly as an ATP generator.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2001년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

This study conducted to monitor decomposition process of the charomatophore pollution solution of an animal slurry by using a CCD camera. After the solution was put into test tube, the images(R, G, B, H, L, S) values of the solution were measured by the imgae processing system, and those of it\`s optical density were measured for three hours to be decomposed by microscopic organism. The values of measured for three hours to be decomposed by microscopic organism. The values of measured images(R, G, B, H, L, S) were analysed and compared with those of the optical density. Some of the results are as follows. 1. High correlation coefficients, which analyzed by using data on linear equations, were 0.9557 and 0.9672. They were decreased regularly in this R-value experiment of RGB level. The microscopic organism in this experiment was effective for decomposition of the red charomatophore pollution solution. 2. The values of all correlation coefficients from relationship between RGB-value and optical density were more than 0.95 except H-values. RGB-values, which were average values of summed R, G, B values, had correlation coefficients of 0.9863, 0.9937. These results showed so good relationship that decomposition process of charomatophore pollution solution could be monitored by a image processing system.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1975

1968년 6월,1969년 7월 및 1971년 7월에 해운대 동백섬 연안에서 채집된 953개체의 점망둑 자치어를 재료로 하여 초기생활사에 따른 형태변화 과정중 기조수의 변화, 색소포의 발달과정 및 배지느러미의 형성과정을 관찰하였다. 본 종은 제1등지내러미의 기조원기는 8.0 mm 전후에서 생겨나며 9.2mm 전후에서 완성하며 모든 지느러미의 연조는 초기치어기인 17.0mm 전후에서 완성된다고 생각된다. 색소포의 발달은 3단계로 구분할 수 있는데 후기자어기$(6.3\~14.2mm)$ 있어서 몸의 배면과 미부 복측면 및 꼬리지느러미 기저에 분포하고 있는 경우와, 후기 자어말기$(17.0\~2.44mm)$에 미부의 체측정중선에 일단의 색소총이 생기고 이것이 점점 전방으로 확대분포하는 시간 및 초기치어기$(27.2\~34.8mm)$에 몸 전체에 걸쳐 운형 및 H자상으로 분포되어 종의 특징을 나타내는 시기로 구분된다. 배지느러미의 형성과정은 후기자어기인 전장 7.4mm일 때 기조의 원기가 나타나서 17.0mm 전후에 기조가 완성되며 전장 30.0mm 전후에서 흡반이 완성된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2001

The zoea1 stages of Philyra kanekoi Sakai, 1934 were obtained by laboratory rearing. Three zoeal stages were described and illustrated in detail. Zoeal morphology was compared with those of other described species of the family Leucosiidae. Morphological comparisons with congeneric species revealed that zoeas of P. kanekoi were more similar to those of P. pisum and P. platychira than to other Philyra. The present material could be distinguished from other Philyrinae species by having no dorsal carapace spine, a spinous tip of the antenna, and no chromatophore on the base of a dorsal carapace spine. Within the family Leucosiidae, the zoeas of three Philyra (P. kanekoi, P. pisum and P. platychira) showed the greatest affinities with Leucosia sima and L. pubescens (Leucosiinae), and the number of setae on the basipod of the first maxilliped could be very useful characterisitcs for indentification between Philyra and Leucosia zoeas.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2020

The genus Petroderma never been reported from the coast of Korea. In this study, our collection from Chaeseokang is matched with P. maculiforme morphologically. Petroderma maculiforme is characterized by having small irregular light to dark brown crusts, a basal layer of irregularly shaped cells giving rise to erect parallel filaments which easily separate with pressure, single chromatophore per cell, small spherical to cylindrical unilocular sporangia in a terminal position, and plurilocular sporangia narrower than erect filaments or wider and shorter than erect filaments in a terminal position. In addition, Hineksia sordida was also collected from Korea. It is mostly epiphytic and characterized by uniseriate filamentous thalli forming loose tangled masses, sparse and spiral branching, some long lateral branches, rhizoids occurring throughout the plant, plurilocular and unilocular sporangia scattered on separate plants. Our molecular analyses based on the rbcL gene reveal that our samples of P. maculiforme and H. sordida are nested within the clades of Petroderma and Hincksia, respectively. Therefore P. maculiforme and H. sordida are reported as new records from Korea based on morphological and molecular analyses.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.261-271
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• 1986

무당개구리(Bombina orientalis Boulenger)背皮의 청록색 발현에 관여하는 黃色素細胞(xanthophore)의 분화과정을 광학 및 전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 성체의 개구리에서 관찰되는 황색소세포는 pterinosome과 carotenoid vesicle등 2가지 색소과립을 함유하고 있으며, 진피의 다른 색소세포들과 複合體를 이루어 기저막을 따라 길게 세포질의 돌기를 뻗고 있었다. 최초의 황생소세포는 幼生期의 섭식시기를 전후하여 진피층에 나타나는 rER이 풍부한 세포와 Golgi complex가 풍부한 세포로부터 發生, 分化하며 변태의 각 단계를 거치면서 점진적으로 색소과립의 형성이 이루어진다. 변태가 완료되는 시기를 전후하여 pterinosnme의 급격한 증가현상이, 그리고 동면기 이후에는 carotenoid vesicle의 증가 현상이 관찰되는데, 이들 색소과립은 분화의 정도에 따라 여러 가지 구조를 나타내었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.697-707
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• 2007

Cytochrome $cbb_3$ oxidase is a member of the heme-copper oxidase superfamily that catalyses the reduction of molecular oxygen to the water and conserves the liberated energy in the form of a proton gradient. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of subunit I from different classes of heme-copper oxidases showed that transmembrane helix VIII and the loop between transmembrane helices IX and X contain five highly conserved polar residues; Ser333, Ser340, Thr350, Asn390 and Thr394. To determine the relationship between these conserved amino acids and the activity and assembly of the $cbb_3$ oxidase in Rhodobacter capsulatus, each of these five conserved amino acids was substituted for alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The effects of these mutations on catalytic activity were determined using a NADI plate assay and by measurements of the rate of oxygen consumption. The consequence of these mutations for the structural integrity of the $cbb_3$ oxidase was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis of chromatophore membranes followed by TMBZ staining. The results indicate that the Asn390Ala mutation led to a complete loss of enzyme activity and that the Ser333Ala mutation decreased the activity significantly. The remaining mutants cause a partial loss of catalytic activity. All of the mutant enzymes, except Asn390Ala, were apparently correctly assembled and stable in the membrane of the R. capsulatus.