• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3911-3916
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• 2016

Background: Triple negative (TN) and triple positive (TP) breast cancers both are aggressive types but TN generally has a shorter survival. Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes for patients with TN versus TP breast cancer and to assess various prognostic factors affecting overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of 85 breast cancer patients was conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology on patients from 2006 to 2013 for whom IHC for ER, PgR and Her-2 neu were available. The patients were stratified into: ER-, PR- and Her-2 neu- (Arm A, n=47) and ER+, PgR+ and Her-2 neu+ (Arm B, n=38). Results: TN subtype had higher numbers of premenopausal and advanced stage patients as compared to TP subtype. The locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastatic rate was also higher in TN subtype but there was no definite pattern in both the arms. Among the prognostic factors, patients with premenopausal status and advanced stage in TN breast cancer had inferior survival (P=0.07) whereas for those with postmenopausal status and early stage there was no survival difference between the two arms. Conclusions: TN subtype tends to be more aggressive in terms of younger age and advanced stage at presentation, higher tumour grade, LRR and metastasis, suggesting need for future research efforts on providing aggressive treatment to these patients. We could attribute better outcome for TP subtype to receptor positivity enabling role of hormonal treatment and targeted therapy, although less number of patients received targeted therapy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2020

Objective : Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common intracranial hemorrhages. It can be managed with a simple surgical treatment such as burr-hole trephination and drainage. However, it has a relatively high recurrence rate. The mechanisms and risk factors for the recurrence have not yet been clearly identified and studies have reported varying results. Methods : We analyzed 230 patients with CSDH who were treated with burr-hole trephination and drainage at our institution from March 2011 to March 2016. The patients were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups and the medical records of each group were used to analyze the risk factors associated with CSDH recurrence. Results : After burr-hole trephination and drainage, CSDH recurrence was observed in 49 (21.3%) of the 230 patients. In univariate analysis, none of the factors showed statistical significance with respect to CSDH recurrence. In multivariate analysis, preoperative antithrombotic medication was the only independent risk factor for CSDH recurrence (odds ratio, 2.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.047-5.531). Conclusion : The present study found that preoperative antithrombotic medication was independently associated with CSDH recurrence.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

저자들은 건강하던 8세 남아에서 A군 $\beta$-용혈성 사슬알균(Group A $\beta$-hemolytic streptococci, GABHS) 감염 후 발생한 일련의 면역반응으로 인한 응고장애와 좌측 편마비 및 경련이 발생한 수막뇌염을 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2018

This study was designed to evaluate basic data about dental treatment under general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital. Sex, Age, location, preoperative physical status, intubation methods, inhalation agents, duration of anesthesia and treatment, performed treatment and postoperative follow-up period and frequency were collected based on electronic medical records of 239 patients who visited pediatric dentistry at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from March 2011 to February 2017. There were the most patients between the ages of 5 - 9, and there was no significant difference between male and female. The largest number of patients visited the hospital from Wonju, where the hospital was located. Most of preoperative status was ASA Class I. Orotracheal intubation was used in 169 of patients (70.7%). As an anesthesia maintenance agent, drug containing sevoflurane was used in 153 of patients (64.0%). In performed treatment, dental restoration, sealant and stainless steel crowns were performed 3.8, 1.8 and 1.1 times per person. 129 patients (54.0%) attended follow-up appointments under 6 months and those of the number of appointments were 1 - 4 times in average. General anesthesia as a behavior guidance in pediatric dentistry is increasing. Clinical guidelines for pediatric patients under general anesthesia are required through follow-up studies.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.992-997
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• 2018

Study Design: Feasibility study. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using serum pentosidine level as a potential marker for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Overview of Literature: A review of previous studies suggests a negative correlation between serum pentosidine concentration and bone strength. However, it is unclear whether serum pentosidine level might be a potential marker of OVCF in Koreans. Methods: Forty patients who underwent bone mineral density examination were included in this study, and their serum pentosidine levels were prospectively analyzed. Serum pentosidine level was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among all the patients, 11 with OVCF were assigned to the vertebral fracture group and 29 who did not have vertebral fracture were included in the non-fracture group. In addition, we used the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool Korean version for assessing the 10-year probability of fracture. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean serum pentosidine level (p=0.04) of the vertebral fracture group (110.8 ng/mL) and the non-fracture group (64.3 ng/mL). Logistic regression analyses showed that serum pentosidine was significantly associated with OVCF. The vertebral fracture group had significantly higher 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture as per FRAX than the non-fracture group. There was a positive correlation between pentosidine level and FRAX results (r=0.35, p=0.02). Conclusions: These results suggest that increased serum pentosidine level could be a potential marker for OVCF.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.296-309
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• 2020

Carol Christian Poell is a designer famous for experimental designs and presentations. Poell's actions in the fashion-world resemble Fluxus, an anti-art group that started working in the 1950s. This study analyzed the works of Poell based on the characteristics of Fluxus and then compared the works of Poell with the performance of Nam June Paik, a Fluxus artist. We conducted literature studies and case studies. We examined the works of Poell and Paik based on the four characteristics of Fluxus: iconoclasm, unity of art and life, playfulness and chance. The results were as follows. First, they were engaged in anti-aesthetic works. While Paik concentrated on the content aspect of works, Poell was more focused on formal aspects. Second, neither of them distinguished between art and life. Paik achieved it by including audiences in his works; however, Poell attained it by adopting daily spaces as a place to display presentations and use ready-made forms. Third, they showed playfulness with a satirical nuance. Paik expressed it in an erotic way; however, Poell implied it through the irrational settings of circumstance. Finally, they created works by utilizing chance. Paik focused on auditory elements and the content aspects of works; however, Poell used the coincidence of visual and tactile elements when creating his works. This study compared the works of Poell with Paik and has its significance in its usefulness to understand designers with Fluxus characteristics in the fashion industry.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2011

Background: Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is one of the effective treatments in managing radicular pain. There have been some prospective studies on the depth to the epidural space with the transforaminal approach. However, there have been no studies about the depth in Asians, especially Koreans. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the depth to the epidural space and the oblique angle and factors that influence the depth to the epidural space during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. Methods: A total of 248 patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections were evaluated. At the L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, and S1 levels, we measured the oblique angle and depth to the epidural space. Results: Needle depth was positively associated with body mass index (correlation coefficient 0.52, P = 0.004). The median depths (in centimeters) to the epidural space were 6.13 cm, 6.42 cm, and 7.13 cm for 50-60 kg, 60-70 kg, and 70-80 kg groups, respectively, at L5-S1. Age and height were not significantly associated with the needle depth. Conclusions: There is a positive association between the BMI (and weight) and transforaminal epidural depth but not with age, sex, and height.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.31-52
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• 2018

이 논문은 19세기 프랑스 소설가인 조르주 상드의 공상적 사회주의를 재조명하기 위한 것이다. 한 마디로 그녀의 사회주의는 기독교적 사회주의라고 할 수 있다. 그녀는 당시 기독교적 사회주의를 부르짖은 르루와 라므네에게서 지대한 영향을 받았다. 이것은 당시의 공상적 사회주의자들인 생시몽과 푸리에등과도 다른 사회주의였다. 또한 상드의 사회주의는 당시 유행하였던 코뮤니즘과도 닮아있었다. 우리는 많은 저술에서 상드를 코뮤니스트로 묘사하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그녀의 소설도 그녀의 코뮤니즘적 사상을 전파하기 위해 쓰여진 것이다. 하지만 그녀의 코뮤니즘은 마르크스식의 코뮤니즘과는 또 다른 사상을 보여준다. 이 논문에서는 그녀의 소설과 편지 그리고 그녀가 쓴 정치적 격문들 속에 나타난 그녀의 코뮤니즘 사상을 마르크스 주의와의 비교를 통해 다음 세 가지로 분석할 것이다. 1.마르크스의 공산주의가 폭력을 정당화하였다면 상드의 코뮤니즘 사상은 비폭력주의를 바탕으로 한다 2. 상드의 코뮤니즘은 노동자뿐 아니라 노동자와 자본가 모두를 위한 평등을 주장한다. 그녀는 "모두를 위한 평등이 아니라면 우리는 논할 자격도 없다"고 말한다. 3. 마지막으로는 그녀의 코뮤니즘은 철저하게 기독교적 가치관 즉 사랑과 연대에 바탕을 둔 것이다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-279
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to clarify how adolescent recognize their father according to the father demographic characteristics. The analysis was performed for 400 students in Seoul on the basis of two measuring tools that were adolescent's father image criterion developed from Seon hwa Cho, Myung seon Choi(2004) and semantic analysis criterion from Osgood(l957). Father image were inclined to friend when their father was younger. Adolescent were recognizing their father as a friend, advisor, and able man when their father had high level profession. On the other hand they felt father as a difficult being to make intimate relationship when their father had management occupations. Christian and Buddhist fathers were recognized as a advisor. Catholic and Christian father were showing less tired aspect rather than Buddhist and atheism father. Catholic and Buddhist fathers were recognized more active person. Adolescent were recognized their father as a friend, advisor, and able man when their father were high educated person.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2023

For centuries in the Christian era in the West, rhetoric was considered to be a pagan art, one unnecessary for, and detrimental to, religious propagation. As the Christian era gave way to a scientific one during the Enlightenment, both rhetoric and religion were considered irrational and outside the scope of Cartesian certainty. In recent decades, though, rhetorical studies have regained status in universities and rhetorical studies of religion have proliferated. Much work remains to be done, however. For example, Western rhetorical models do not typically consider religious tenets or creeds in terms of what this article will call rhetorical relationality, because creeds and tenets of Western Christianity tend to be purely exhortative. In the West, then, we lack a framework for such an analysis, but with the Four Tenets of Daesoon Jinrihoe, we are presented with Tenets that can, in fact, be analyzed relationally. In order to analyze them as such, this article draws upon philosophical, legal, and rhetorical frameworks developed by major twentieth- century rhetorician Chaim Perelman to understand the primary concern of mutuality expressed in contemporary rhetorical relationality.