• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.3113-3113
• /
• 2001

Some two years ago our company undertook a project on manufacturing network rationalization to maximize competitiveness through continuous improvement in manufacturing efficiency. One key outcome was the recognition of the benefits that could be derived from timely application of new technology or novel use of existing technologies and even more importantly the need to develop company wide strategies to maximize the impact of such applications. As a direct result an exercise was undertaken to identify the ten most promising technologies from a list of literally hundreds seen as having the capability of making a rapid impact on the manufacturing initiative. One of the outcomes of this exercise was the identification of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a pivotal technology for improving process understanding, performance, and control to deliver consistent product quality cost effectively with broad applicability across our product range. While NIR had been in use in targeted areas on some of our sites for some years our new challenge was to develop a strategy to extend NIRs application, initially over 17 manufacturing sites, while concurrently expanding the NIR skill base company wide to ensure that the return on initial investment could be further maximized as shared applications across the remaining sites as required. This presentation will provide an overview of how life cycle based user requirement specifications were developed covering: ㆍSpectrophotometers ㆍSample interfaces ㆍSoftware ㆍEquipment and Software qualification ㆍCalibration transfer ㆍ Ease of developing effective user interfaces and control for applications transferred to a production area ㆍUser training ㆍWorld wide support The presentation will also describe the process adopted for vendor selection to ensure maximum utilization of the existing company wide NIR skill base and its future development to expedite applications of the technology in development, quality control and production areas.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.13
• /
• pp.133-156
• /
• 2012

This paper briefly charts the history of excrement as part of the late 20th-century art and explores ways in which excrement functions in the realms of 'High' art. From Piero Manzoni's to David Hammons' performance , excrement has taken a small yet distinctively important part in the development of contemporary art. In an attempt to challenge the hegemony of 'high' art, on the one hand, and resist the commercialization and fetishization of art, on the other, Manzoni allegedly offered his own "shit" preserved in a tin can and sold it at the price of gold of the same weight. Andy Warhol took the legendary Abstract-Expressionist painter Jackson Pollock as the object of parody, simulating Pollock's dripping action by pissing onto the canvas that had been primed with copper-based paint. Warhol's urination produced splashes and stains of iridescent colors just as the patterns on ordinary abstract paintings. In contrast to Pollock's masculine action, Warhol's pissing alludes to the artist's homosexuality. Excrements in art also provoked controversies, debates, and even acts of vandalism against the artworks. The works of Andres Serrano and Chris Ofili infuriated many Christians for the blasphemous use of excrement with religious icons. Politicians engaged in the heated debates on the use of public and national funds in support of some of the 'politically incorrect' contemporary art. In the midst of media sensation and criticisms, these works challenged the conventional understanding of artistic beauty. The preexisting artworks were also targeted. African-american artist Hammons assumed the role of spectator in by urinating on Richard Serra's sculpture in the street of New York City. It was an act condemnation levelled at the racist pattern of the way in which large portions of funds and commisions of "public" art tended to promote established 'white' artists, whose work or creative process often failed to reflect the actual public. The use of excrement in art is not unusual in contemporary art practices. With its subversive power, excrement plays an important critical roles in the shaping of contemporary art.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.262-268
• /
• 2008

A compact imaging spectrometer (COMIS) for use in the STSAT3 microsatellite is currently under development. It is scheduled to be launched into a low Sun-synchronous Earth orbit (${\sim}700km$) by the end of 2010. COMIS was inspired by the success of CHRIS, which is a small hyperspectral imager developed for the ESA microsatellite PROBA. COMIS is designed to achieve nearly equivalent imaging capabilities of CHRIS in a smaller (65 mm diameter and 4.3 kg mass) and mechanically superior (in terms of alignment and robustness) package. Its main operational goal will be the imaging of Earth's surface and atmosphere with ground sampling distances of ${\sim}30m$ at the $18{\sim}62$ spectral bands ($4.0{\sim}1.05{\mu}m$). This imaging will be used for environmental monitoring, such as the in-land water quality monitoring of Paldang Lake, which is located next to Seoul, South Korea. The optics of COMIS consists of two parts: imaging telescope and dispersing relay optics. The imaging telescope, which operates at an f-ratio of 4.6, forms an image (of Earth's surface or atmosphere) onto an intermediate image plane. The dispersion relay optics disperses the image and relay it onto a CCD plane. All COMIS lenses and mirrors are spherical and are made from used silica exclusively. In addition, the optics is designed such that the optical axis of the dispersed image is parallel to the optical axis of the telescope. Previous efforts focused on manufacturing ease, alignment, assembly, testing, and improved robustness in space environments.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2008

The cracking problem in concrete is widespread and complex. This paper reviews the problem and focuses on those parts of the problem that are more readily solved. Polymer fibers are shown to have promise in several important areas of the cracking problem. To investigate one of these areas of the cracking problem more completely, an experimental research program focusing on the early-age properties of fibers was carried out. This study researched the properties of four polymer fibers; two of the fibers were macrofibers, and two were microfibers. Each fiber was tested at several dosage rates to identify optimum dosage levels. Early-age shrinkage, long-term shrinkage, compressive strength, and tensile strength were investigated. Long-term shrinkage and strength impacts from the polymer fibers were minimal; however, the polymer fibers were shown to have a great impact on early-age shrinkage and a moderate impact on early-age strength.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2010

Wind tunnel measurements on T-shaped free-standing walls and inclined free-standing walls have been carried out. Mean net pressure coefficients have been derived and compared with previous research. It was observed that the high loads at the free ends are differently distributed than those derived from the pressure coefficients for free-standing walls in EN 1991-1-4. In addition net pressure coefficients based on extreme value analysis have been obtained. The lack of correlation of the wind induced pressures at windward and leeward side result in lower values for the net pressure coefficients when based on extreme value analysis. The results of this wind tunnel study have been included in Dutch guidelines for noise barriers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.323-338
• /
• 2000

An analytical approach for the prediction of the behaviour of steel-fiber reinforced concrete beams subjected to torsion is described. The analysis method employs a special stress-strain model with a non-linear post cracking branch for the material behaviour in tension. Predictions of this model for the behaviour of steel-fiber concrete in direct tension are also presented and compared with results from tests conducted for this reason. Further in this work, the validation of the proposed torsional analysis by providing comparisons between experimental curves and analytical predictions, is attempted. For this purpose a series of 10 steel-fiber concrete beams with various cross-sections and steel-fiber volume fractions tested in pure torsion, are reported here. Furthermore, experimental information compiled from works around the world are also used in an attempt to establish the validity of the described approach based on test results of a broad range of studies. From these comparisons it is demonstrated that the proposed analysis describes well the behaviour of steel-fiber concrete in pure torsion even in the case of elements with non-rectangular cross-sections.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2012

Concrete is an economical construction material and for that reason it is widely used in buildings and infrastructures. The use of deicing salts, expansion joint failure, and freeze-thaw cycles have led to concrete bridge girders experiencing corrosion of steel reinforcement and becoming unsafe for driving. The goal of this research is to assess the effectiveness of current and possible repair techniques for the end region of damaged prestressed concrete girders. To do this, three American Association of State Highway and Transportation prestressed concrete girders were tested to failure, repaired, and retested. Three different repair materials were tested including carbon fiber, glass fiber, and surface mounted rods. Each different repair material was also tested with and without injected epoxy. Comparisons were then made to determine if injecting epoxy had a positive effect on stiffness and strength recovery as well as which repair type regained the largest percentage of original strength.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2002

Wool yams were coated with conducting Polypyrrole by chemical synthesis methods. Polymerization of pyrrole was caned out in the presence of wool yarn at various concentrations of the monomer and dopant anion. The changes in tensile, moisture absorption, and electrical Properties of the yam upon coating with conductive polypyrrole are Presented. Coating the wool yams with conductive Polypyrrole resulted in higher tenacity, higher breaking strain, and lower initial modulus. The changes in tensile properties are attributed to the changes in surface morphology due to the coating and reinforcing effect of conductive Polypyrrole. The thickness of the coating increased with the concentration of p-toluene sulfonic acid, which in turn caused a reduction in the moisture regain of the wool yin. Reducing the synthesis temperature and replacing p-toluenesulfonic acid by anthraquinone sulfonic acid resulted in a large reduction in the resistance of the yam.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2017

The preliminary data reduction, analysis and first results from the Herschel survey of the AKARI NEP field are presented. Herschel SPIRE observations of the NEP-Wide region and PACS observations of the NEP-Deep region have yielded galaxy catalogues of 4000 and 900 sources respectively down to flux density levels of approximately 15 mJy at 100-250 microns. Source counts produced from these catalogues reach cosmologically significant depths tracing the evolutionary upturn and turnover in the source counts. The source counts are in agreement with other large area surveys carried out with Herschel bridging the gap between the shallow and deep Herschel surveys.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2017

This paper reviews the requirements for far-infrared astronomy in the period following the SPICA satellite in the late 2020's. We take a very long view of the state of FIR astronomy and what facilities will be required in a twenty year timeframe. We show that spatial resolution to match that of observatories operating in the optical and mid-infrared and the radio will be a necessity. Moreover this high spatial resolution must be combined with high spectral and photometric sensitivity to provide the data required to further our understanding of planetary formation mechanisms, the history of star formation through cosmic time and the feedback between active galactic nuclei and their host galaxies in controlling star formation. We review three possible conceptual mission scenarios and comment on the possibility of realising them in the coming deades.