• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1992

As many industrial workers have been involved with computer terminal tasks, for example, monitor ing, inspection, or computer da4a entry etc., concerns for difficulty evaluation of computer terminal tasks are Increased. This study provides that eyeblink can be used as a means of difficulty evaluation of a computer terminal lask. Four subjects without color blindness are asked to perform the monitoring task of the binary choice type under five levels of task difficulty. In each task, eyeblink rates and eyeblink interval times were measured from the subjects. The results show that the eyeblink rate does decrease with an Increase in task difficulty. In addition, it was found that both eyeblink interval time and eyeblink Interval time variation increased with an increase in task difficulty. It was concluded that the change of eyeblink rate, eyeblink interval time and eyeblink interval time and eyeblink interval time variation could be regarded as a generalized response to the imposition of task difficulty.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2000

Present study was performed to compare different types of teleoperation performance measures. A modified Cooper-Harper rating scale and a distance measure were newly introduced and compared to two traditional measures, the error rate and time-to-completion. Participants performed a simulated telerobotic task with varying visual display interfaces. The results of correlation analyses revealed that the modified Cooper-Harper ratings had a close association with the error rate measure. The distance measure also appeared to be a consistent performance measure, which accounted for both the error rate and time-to-completion. A further analysis, however, showed that the effectiveness of each performance measure varied with the level of task difficulty. The results imply that the choice of performance measure should be made based on the task difficulty as well as the particular task being studied. The results revealed here also have implication for performance measures of various display and control systems including aircraft navigation displays and tactical displays.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2012

The sales volume of men's cosmetics has drastically increased in Korea. In recent years, men's needs for cosmetics have been diversified and the consumer demand for functional cosmetics has greatly risen. In particular, male consumers have become more interested in essence product that is a light and concentrated treatment to correct skin problems. This research analyzes consumer preferences for essence-for-men through the use of choice-based conjoint analysis. This approach is adopted since the task of respondents to choose the most preferred option from several alternatives closely mimics actual marketplace purchasing behavior by consumers. New technique for the construction of choice sets is suggested based on the balanced incomplete block design, to accommodate a larger number of product profiles. The proposed design for choice sets is balanced and provides a tool to filter the contradictory choices. Conjoint analyses are performed to assess the relative importance of attributes and identify the most preferred profile of essence-for-men with respect to attributes such as emphasized function, price, type of content, and design of container. Some differences are indicated in the analysis results between age brackets as well as between groups classified by the amount of fashion item expenditures.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2021

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the reliability of the test for choice stepping reaction time (CSRT) under an unstable surface and determine whether there were differences in CSRT between support surface conditions (stable vs. unstable conditions) and between age groups (young adults vs. community-dwelling older adults). Methods: Twenty healthy community-dwelling older adults and twenty young adults performed the stepping task under an unstable condition over two visits. The mean of the two trials measured for each visit was used for the analysis. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Differences in CSRT between support surface conditions and age groups were analyzed using the independent t-test with Bonferroni correction. Results: Excellent consistency was observed for ICC >0.90 in both groups. Moreover, the SEM and MDC values of the CSRT in older and young adults were 0.03 and 0.09 and 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. There was a significant difference in the CSRT between the age groups under stable (p<0.001) and unstable conditions (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the test for CSRT under an unstable condition had reliable results in both groups. Although older adults demonstrated longer reaction times than younger adults in all surface conditions, increasing the balance control demand by implementing a choice stepping task concomitant with a balance task had no influence on the reaction time in both age groups.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2013

This study addresses the relationship between individual differences regarding self-concept, measured by Self Concept Clarity (SCC) scale and Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and relationships (RISC) scale, and diverse affective consequences after choice behavior. We hypothesized that lower self-concept clarity and higher relational interdependence would be related to increased susceptibility to choice context-for example, how a choice set is constructed based on one's initial preference. We examined how variations in a choice set can produce different affective consequences after making choices, and investigated the underlying neural mechanism using fMRI. In this experiment, participants first rated their preferences for art posters, and made a series of choices from a presented set. After the choice task, they completed post-choice measures including preferences for the chosen posters, as well as measures of their self-concept clarity and relational interdependence. Our behavioral results demonstrated that when participants faced more conflicting choice context, self-concept clarity was related to more positive affective consequences after choice, whereas relational interdependence was correlated with a lower second-rated attractiveness of the chosen option. The neuroimaging analysis of choice-making revealed that self-concept clarity and the degree of their relational interdependence served as modulators in shaping how one perceives and experiences the same decision-making process. These results have theoretical and practical importance in that it is one of the first studies investigating the influence of the individual differences regarding self-concept on value-based decision making process among diverse choice set contexts.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2009

This study investigates the effects of different types of genre and tasks on college students' English listening comprehension. 104 college students were assigned to Argumentative (AG), Causal and Evaluation (CE), and Narrative (NA) group. They report their listening comprehension through gap-filling (GF), summary (ST), and multiple-choice comprehension task (MC). Results showed that different genre groups were significantly different on overall tasks. Moreover, results from each group also presented that different mean scores on each task indicated a statistical significance. Proficiency levels, higher and lower level group, showed a significant effect for the task on listening comprehension. The results of the statistical analysis, using One-way ANOVA indicated that genre significantly affects Korean college students' listening comprehension, and implied that listening comprehension sores for each genre were also substantially different. Different genre groups resented significant different in overall listening comprehension tasks.

• 인지과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-83
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• 2019

현재 얻을 수 있는 이득/손실을 참고 기다리는 것은 그 시간만큼 이득/손실을 가져다준다. 하지만 사람에 따라 지연 시간에 대한 가치를 평가하는 것에는 개인차가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 지연 시간에 대한 가치 평가의 개인차를 탐색하기 위하여 시점 간 선택 과제에서의 판단과 위험 지각/수용, 정서, 자기조절초점, HPSP 설문, BELT과제, 주관적 시간 길이 측정 과제의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 추가적으로 시점 간 선택 과제를 수행 성과화하여 수행을 잘 한 사람과 못 한 사람, 주관적 시간의 길이를 길게 지각한 사람과 짧게 지각한 사람의 개인차 변인의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 시점 간 선택에서 적절하게 선택을 했던 사람들은 개방성이 높았으며, 12시간, 15일, 6개월, 5년의 길이를 더 길게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 시점 간 선택의 수행에 미래 시간의 길이에 대한 재구성은 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되며, 이에 대한 후속 연구의 필요성을 논의하였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제3호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

According to Asher(1972) listening skill must be taught before any other skills. Despite such an importance of listening skill, listening tests taken at the secondary schools depend on simple multiple choice method. So more various method such as Task-Based Listening Test need suggesting. This study aims at (1) three step listening material development (2) and advancement of listening ability through the materials.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2016

Rational choice theory holds that the alternative with largest expected utility in the choice set should always be chosen. However, it is often observed that an alternative with the largest expected utility is not always chosen while the choice task itself being avoided. Such a choice phenomenon cannot be explained by the traditional expected utility maximization principle. The current study posits shows that such a phenomenon can be attributed to the gap between the expected perceived gain (or loss) and the expected perceived value. This study mathematically analyses the relationship between the expectation of an alternative's gains or losses over the reference point and its expected value, when the perceived gains or losses follow continuous probability distributions. The proposed expected value (EV) function can explain the effects of loss aversion and uncertainty on the evaluation of an alternative based on the prospect theory value function. The proposed function reveals why the expected gain of an alternative should exceed some positive threshold in order for the alternative to be chosen. The model also explains why none of the two equally or similarly attractive options is chosen when they are presented together, but either of them is chosen when presented alone. The EV function and EG-EV curve can extract and visualize the core tenets of the prospect theory more clearly than the value function itself.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2011

교육에 있어서 평가는 피교육자의 성장과 발달 정도를 확인하고, 교육의 질적 향상을 도모하는 중요한 요소이다. 평가의 방법에는 여러 가지가 있으나 지필시험, 객관식 고사와 같은 전통적인 평가 방식이 갖는 한계를 극복하기 위해서 수행평가가 등장하였다. 수행평가는 피교육자가 과제를 완성한 정도나 상태를 바탕으로 평가하는 방법이다. 정보활용교육은 피교육자의 정보활용능력을 신장하는데 목적이 있으며, 수행평가는 정보활용능력의 상태나 정도를 측정하는데 매우 적합하다. 수행평가를 위해서는 먼저 수행과제가 준비되어 있어야 한다. 그러나 교수자가 수행평가의 요건을 모두 고려하여 수행과제를 개발한다는 것은 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교수자가 정보활용교육을 전개함에 있어서 수행과제를 쉽게 제작할 수 있도록 수행과제 개발도구를 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 수행과제 개발 도구는 템플릿 형태를 취하고 있으며, 4단계 즉, 교육목적 및 학습목표, 지식과 기능, 과제 유형, 측정 및 채점기준으로 구성하였다.