• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2018

Solanum berthaultii is one of the wild diploid Solanum species, which is an excellent resource in potato breeding owing to its resistance to several important pathogens. On the other hand, sexual hybridization between S. berthaultii and S. tuberosum (potato) is limited because of their sexual incompatibility. Therefore, cell fusion can be used to introgress various novel traits from this wild species into the cultivated potatoes. After cell fusion, it is crucial to identify fusion products with the aid of molecular markers. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of S. berthaultii obtained by next-generation sequencing technology was described and compared with those of five other Solanum species to develop S. berthaultii specific markers. A total sequence length of the chloroplast genome is 155,533 bp. The structural organization of the chloroplast genome is similar to those of the five other Solanum species. Phylogenic analysis with 25 other Solanaceae species revealed that S. berthaultii is most closely located with S. tuberosum. Additional comparison of the chloroplast genome sequence with those of the five Solanum species revealed 25 SNPs specific to S. berthaultii. Based on these SNPs, six PCR-based markers for differentiating S. berthaultii from other Solanum species were developed. These markers will facilitate the selection of fusion products and accelerate potato breeding using S. berthaultii.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2018

Pseudostellaria Pax (Caryophyllaceae) is a small genus distributed in temperate region. It consists of 25 species presenting high diversity in Asia. Pseudostellaria longipedicellata S. Lee, K. Heo & S. C. Kim was first announced as new species in 2012. Morphological characters of P. longipedicellata are closely related to those of Psedusotellaria palibiniana and Psedusotellaria okmotoi. These are distinguished from P. longipedicellata by shorter pedicel and puberulent pedicels, respectively and by being distributed allopatically between P. longipedicellata and rest of species. The complete chloroplast genome of P. longipedicellata was successfully rescued from raw reads generated by HiSeq2000. Its total length is 149,626 bp consisting of four regions: large single copy (LSC) region (81,292 bp), small single copy (SSC) region (16,984bp), and inverted repeats (IRs; 25,765 bp per each). It contained 126 genes (81 coding DNA sequence (CDS), eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs); 18 genes (seven CDS, four rRNAs, and seven tRNAs) are duplicated in inverted repeat regions. The overall GC content of P. longipedicellata is 36.5% and in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 34.3%, 29.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes of P. longipedicellata and relatives species presents clear phylogenetic positions of Pseudostellaria genus. This chloroplast genome will be an important sequence resources for further researches of Pseudostellaria genus.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1991

Mesophyll protoplasts of Nicoliana labacum ($NR^{-}/SR^{+}$) and N glulinosa were electrofused with AC field of 0.5 MHz and 1 kV DC pulse for 2 ms. Fused protoplasts were selected and cultured to the green cell clusters in $MSNO_3$ medium containing 1.2 mg!ml streptomycin sulfate. Four plant lines regenerated from selected colonies showed both parental morphological characteristics of leaf and flower and these plant lines were confirmed as somatic hybrids based on electrophoretic patterns of leaf peroxidase. In XhoI restriction patterns of chloroplast DNA, these hybrid plant lines expressed both parent common restriction sites and parent specific sites. One of these hybrid lines exhibited interspecific pattern of both parental chloroplast genomes. indicating nine both parent common sites, one N labacum specific site and two N glutinosa specific sites. sites.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.276-287
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• 1986

Chlorella ellipsoidea were cultured in the media containing rifampicin for 7 days. Aliquot cells were taken out after the inoculation and at intervals during cultivation and growth rate of Chlorella cells was measured. In order to investigate the effect of rifampicin on the nucleic acid synthesis, nucleic acid and RNA polymerase were extracted from chloroplast isolated from these cells, and the contents of nucleic acid and activity of enzyme were measured to compared with those of the control. The inhibitory concentration of rifampicin on growth was 80 ppm. The DNA contents in chloroplasts isolated were decreased 60% to compared with control, whole cells were markedly decreased 70% by rifampicin. The contents of base in the RNA were decreased 46% by rifampicin in shole cell, and 77% of base contents were decreased in chloroplast. Rifampicin also inhibited the activity of RNA polymerase, therefore whole cell was decreased 10% of activity and chloroplasts were decreased 42% of activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1988

Endonuclease inhibitor was isolated from the chloroplast of the leaves of tobacco, Burley 21 and NC 83, The inhibitory effect on the activities of endonucleases including BamH1 was lost by the addition of trypsin or heat treatment However, the treatment of $\alpha$-amylase was unconcerned in the inhibitory effect The endonuclease inhibitor was found to be a monomeric protein that plays a vital role for protection of tobacco chloroplast DNA from endonuclease action.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.71.2-72
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• 1999

고등식물에 있어서 엽록체에 존재하는 저 분자량 heat shock protein (smHSP)은 식물의 내열성 획득에 있어서 필수유전자임이 mutant를 이용한 유전학적인 연구에 의해 보고된 바 있다. 고온내성이 강한 작물인 벼로부터 엽록체 smHSP cDNA를 분리하고자 벼의 잎에서 분리한 mRNA로 작성한 cDNA library로부터 screening하였다. 선발된 smHSP cDNA는 1,026 bp의 염기로 구성되어 있었으며, 239개의 아미노산으로 구성되는 예상분자량 26.6 kDa의 단백질을 code하고 있었다. 또한 다른 식물로부터(중략)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

To increase thennotolerance of forage crops, transgenic rice plants as a model for transformation of monocots were generated. A cDNA encoding the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (small HSP) of rice, Oshsp21, was introduced into rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system. Calli induced from scutella were co-cultivated with a A. tumefaciens strain EHAlOl canying a plasmid, pIGhsp21. A large number of transgenic plants were regenerated on a medium containing hygromycin. Integration of Oshsp2l gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses with genomic DNA. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses revealed that the Oshsp21 gene was constitutively expressed and accumulated as mature protein in transgenic plants. Effects of constitutive expression of the OshspZl on thermotolerance were first probed with the chlorophyll fluorescence. Results indicate that inactivation of electron transport reactions in photosystem I1 (PSII), were mitigated by constitutive expression of the Oshsp21. These results suggest that the chloroplast small HSP plays an important role in protecting photosynthetic machinery during heat stress. (Key words : Thermotolerance, Rice, Transgenic, cDNA)

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

To gain insights into the phylogenetic relationships of genus Staurastrum and Staurodesmus, we analyzed nuclearencoded small subunit rDNA of 82 strains, and chloroplast atpB gene sequences of 44 strains belonging to three genera (Staurastrum, Staurodesmus, Cosmarium). Excluding the Staurastrum muticum and S. orbiculare, forty five strains of genus Staurastrum formed a well supported clade. It was shown that with no cell wall sculpture and processes, these two species have a strong phylogenetic relationship with genus Staurodesmus. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to transfer Staurastrum without processes and cell wall sculpture into Staurodesmus. S. obsoletus is a taxa that is transferred from Cosmarium. But, from this study, it has shown a phylogenetic relationship with Cosmarium. Therefore, this species is strongly recommended to transfer back to Cosmarium instead of Staurodesmus. As it was studied before, genus Staurastrum has shown monophyletic. Since the genus taurodesmus groups with Cosmarium, they were shown to be polyphyletic.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

One of wild diploid Solanum species, Solanum chacoense, is one of the excellent resources for potato breeding because it is resistant to several important pathogens, but the species is not sexually compatible with potato (S. tuberosum) causing the limitation of sexual hybridization between S. tuberosum and S. chacoense. Therefore, diverse traits regarding resistance from the species can be introgressed into potato via somatic hybridization. After cell fusion, the identification of fusion products is crucial with molecular markers. In this study, S. chacoense specific markers were developed by comparing the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of S. chacoense obtained by NGS (next-generation sequencing) technology with those of five other Solanum species. A full length of the cpDNA sequence is 155,532 bp and its structure is similar to other Solanum species. Phylogenetic analysis resulted that S. chacoense is most closely located with S. commersonii. Sequence alignment with cpDNA sequences of six other Solanum species identified two InDels and 37 SNPs specific sequences in S. chacoense. Based on these InDels and SNPs regions, four markers for distingushing S. chacoense from other Solanum species were developed. These results obtained in this research could help breeders select breeding lines and facilitate breeding using S. chacoense in potato breeding.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

The multifunctional triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of the Potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) has been reported to have silencing suppressor, cell-to-cell movement, and helicase functions. Yeast two hybrid screening using an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library with TGB1 as bait, and co-purification with TGB1 inclusion bodies identified several host proteins which interact with AltMV TGB1. Host protein interactions with TGB1 were confirmed by biomolecular fluorescence complementation, which showed positive TGB1 interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase delta' chain subunit (ATP synthase delta'), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex I subunit A4 (LHCA4), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (LHB1B2), chloroplast-localized IscA-like protein (ATCPISCA), and chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase. However, chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase interacts only with $TGB1_{L88}$, and not with weak silencing suppressor $TGB1_{L88}$. This selective interaction indicates that chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase is not required for AltMV movement and replication; however, TRV silencing of chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase in Nicotiana benthamiana induced severe tissue necrosis when plants were infected by AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$ but not AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$, suggesting that ${\beta}$-ATPase selectively responded to $TGB1_{L88}$ to induce defense responses.