• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of Lake Jinyang using Landsat 8 satellite image band correlated with chlorophyll-a, which is also related to algae proliferation. We selected 20 Landsat 8 images dating from 2013 to 2017, taken close to water quality measurement date when the cloud cover was less than 20 %. Based on the results of the previous studies, analyzing the correlation between chlorophyll-a, and Landsat 8 satellite image band, we selected near infrared wavelength, band 5 which is closely related to the population of algae. The nutritional status was classified using the Aizaki trophic state index (TSIm). The results of the regression equation between band 5 and the observed chlorophyll-a data was used to calculate chlorophyll-a for the image data from 2013 to 2017. The concentration of chlorophyll-a ranged from 3 to $16.1mg/m^3$. To illustrate the spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a within the lake, the chlorophyll-a concentration was divided into five grades. The images on October 14, 2014 and April 10, 2016 showed relatively high value of chlorophyll-a, while January 18, 2015 and December 6, 2016 chlorophyll-a value were below 5. The images on October 14, 2014 and April 10, 2016 were rated as eutrophic status in most areas. The results of simulating water quality for the day when the water quality was not measured resulted to an approximate value for the Panmun station while the Naedong station needed some corrections.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1990

The chlorophyll-protein complexes were separated from thylakoid membranes of Spinach oleracea and Zoysia japonica by two gel Systems of LiDodSO4-PAGE and LiDodSo4/Urea- PAGE under nondenaturing conditions. Seven chlorophyll~protein complexes of CPI*, CPI, CPII*. CP47, CP43, CP29 and CPII were fractionated from both S,oleracea and Zjaponica by LiDodSO4-PAGE. CPI, CP47 and CP43 contained more chlorophyll a than chlorophyll b. The patterns of their absorption spectra at room temperature were similliar to that of chlorophyll a, judging by their UV-spedtroscopy. On the other hand, CPII* and CPII contained approximately equim-olar quantities of chlorophyll a and b. Additional five chlorophyll-protein complexes not separated in the LiDodSO4-PAGE system were electrophoretically isolated from both S, oleracea and Zjaponica by LiDodSO4/Urca-PAGE. The chlorophyll-protein complex just above LRCII $\alpha$in the gel appears CCII-RC separeted recently. 23 kDa and 20 kDa cho-protein complexes is probably LHCIa and LHCIb as judged from their molecular weight. Two novel chlorophyll~protein complexes designated "CPI7" and "CPI6" were fractionate by this gel system. Their molecular weights respectively. Although the stoichiometry of their components and their roles in thylakoid membranes are not apparant, It is thought that they are another kinds of LHCI.other kinds of LHCI.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2016

Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. However, fewer studies have investigated the difference in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of tropical afforestation tree species. Therefore, this study examines the difference in foliar chlorophyll contents of six tropical afforestation tree species namely: Tectona grandis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Piptademiastrum africanum, Azadirachta indica, Brachystegia eurycoma and Gmelina arborea found in the relict forest in Umudike, South east, Nigeria. A single factor experiment in a completely randomised design in three replicates was employed to analyse the rate of leaf chlorophyll contents. Fisher's least significant different was used to test for significance in mean difference in foliar chlorophyll contents between tree species at 95% confidence interval using analysis of variance. The results of this study showed a significant difference in foliar chlorophyll concentration between the tree species with Tectona grandis having a higher chlorophyll concentration than other trees this could be as a result of its higher vegetative activity which increases its primary productivity followed by Pentaclethra macrophylla while Azadirachta indica having least the chlorophyll concentration. The study further revealed that other indigenous tree species like Piptademiastrum africanum and Brachystegia eurycoma have higher chlorophyll concentration. Further studies should be carry out to examine factors that have contributed informed the differences in the chlorophyll concentration of these trees species, thus this would broaden the understanding of their physiological status and equally encourage there conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.377-381
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• 2001

Chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b and $\beta$-carotene, crude chlorophylls and carotenoids (CCC) extracts of mustard leaf kimchi were isolated by DEAE-sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B colume and TLC. The effects of chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b and $\beta$-carotene on linoleic acid autoxidation were examined by the determination of peroxide value and conjugated dienoic acid content. Among them, chlorophyll a showed greater antioxidative activity than others, followed by chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b and $\beta$-carotene. Degradation of pheophytin b was observed to be slower than others and $\beta$-carotene showed highest degradation level during the autoxidation reaction of linoleic acid.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2002

The results of our observation in May 2000 indicated that the SeaWiFS algorithm (O'Reilley et al., 1998), which was adopted for OSMI data processing, overestimated the actual chlorophyll values. This was rather unexpected in that there were good reasons to expect that the bio-optical properties of East/Japan Sea belonged to Case 1 water and in such case, the OC2 algorithm would give unbiased estimates of actual chlorophyll a values. In November 2000, a cruise conducted bio-optical surveys in the same area. This time we added HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method for measuring chlorophyll a concentration to the standard fluorometric method, which we hale been using during the past Fluorometric method with acidification is known to result in under/overestimation of chlorophyll values in many parts of the world oceans, while it is easier and cheaper than HPLC method. To our surprise, the comparison of HPLC chlorophyll and fluorometric chlorophyll values show that fluorometric values gave an underestimation up to 50%. This error was due to the presence of accessory pigments such as chlorophyll b. Considering this error, our precious result of May 2000(Yoo et al., 2000) might have to be reinterpreted. Calculation of reflectance at 490 and 555nm, however, indicated that this is not still enough to explain the discrepancies.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2003

This study was investigated the possibility of measuring chlorophyll in paddy crops using two kinds of chlorophyll meters(SPAD-502, Field Scout). The results of correlation analysis showed the 0.7758(r$^2$) relationship between the chlorophyll contents of paddy leaves measured by SPAD and spectrophotometer. It indicates that chlorophyll content in paddy crops could be measured using the SPAD. Considering the data of the SPAD and Field Scout there was significant difference between their chlorophyll contents measured by the SPAD and Field Scout. Likewise, such results were consistent with the corrected data using light intensity. According to the results, it can be concluded that it is difficult to describe the rice chlorophyll measured by the Field Scout more accurately than the SPAD when using one standard spectrum and another spectrum for reflectance measuring. The chlorophyll variance measured at a research institute and a farmer's field revealed that the output of SPAD was more reliable than that of the Field Scout.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2008

We collected information on seasonal and interannual variability of surface chlorophyll a concentration between 1997-2007 from the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Satellite data were used to acquire chlorophyll a and sea surface temperature from six regions: East Sea/Ulleung Basin, East China Sea, Philippin Sea, Warm Pool region, Warm Pool North region, and Warm Pool East region. Mixed layer depth (MLD) was calculated from temperature profiles of ARGO floats data in four of the six regions during 2002-2007. In the East Sea/Ulleung Basin, seasonal variability of chlorophyll a concentration was attributed to seasonal change of MLD, while there was no significant relationship between chlorophyll a concentration and MLD in the Warm Pool region. Interannual anomaly in sea surface temperature were similar among the East Sea, East China Sea, Philippin Sea, and Warm Pool North region. The anomaly pattern was reversed in the Warm Pool East region. However, the anomaly pattern in the Warm Pool region was intermediate of the two patterns. In relation to chlorophyll a, there was a reversed interannual anomaly pattern between Warm Pool North and Warm Pool East, while the anomaly pattern in the Warm Pool region was similar to that of Warm Pool North except for the El $Ni\tilde{n}o$ years (1997/1998, 2002/2003, 2006/2007). However, there was no distinct relationship among other seas. Interestingly, in the Warm Pool and Warm Pool East regions, sea surface temperature showed a pronounced inverse pattern with chlorophyll a. This indicates a strong interrelationship among sea surface temperature-MLD-chlorophyll a in the regions. In the Warm Pool and Warm Pool East, zonal distribution of chlorophyll a concentration within the past 10 years has shown a good relationship with sea surface temperature which reflects ENSO variability.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2005

This study was carried out to develop a real-time grouping system of chlorophyll contents of rice crop canopy for precision agriculture. The system measured reflected light energy of a rice canopy on a paddy field from visual to near-infrared range and analyzed the collected information of chlorophyll contents of rice crop canopy with given position data. The four filters, 560 nm $({\pm}10nm)$, 650 nm $({\pm}25nm)$, 700 nm $({\pm}12nm)$, and 850 nm $({\pm}40nm)$, were used for a multiple regression to estimate the chlorophyll contents of rice crop canopy. Every $0.2m^2$ area of the open field was inspected at a distance of 1 m above the rice canopy. According to the results of verification test, the chlorophyll content grouping by a commerical chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and by the developed system showed 58.7% match for five-stage chlorophyll contents of rice crop canopy grouping and 93.5% for the $five{\pm}1-stage$ grouping. In addition, the results showed 63.0% match for three-stage grouping and 100.0% for the $three{\pm}1-stage$ grouping.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1039-1041
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• 2003

Ocean color products derived from remote sensing satellite data are useful for monitoring the sea water quality such as the concentrations of chlorophyll, sediments and dissolved organic matter. Currently, ocean color products derived from MODIS data can be requested from NASA over the internet. However, due to the bandwidth limitation of most users in this region, and the time delay in data delivery, the products cannot be use for near-real time monitoring of sea water chlorophyll. CRISP operates a MODIS data receiving station for environmental monitoring purposes. MODIS data have been routinely received and processed to level 1B. We have adapted the higher level processing algorithms from the Institutional Algorithms provided by NASA to run in a standalone environment. The implemented algorithms include the MODIS ocean color algorithms. Seasonal chlorophyll concentration composite can be compiled for the region. By comparing the near-real time chlorophyll product with the seasonal composite, anomaly in chlorophyll concentration can be detected.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 1996

Developmental of photosynthetic pigments and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence of dark-grown rice seedlings were studied during greening. Light-illumination stimulated accumulations of total chlorophylls and carotenoids in leaves of etiolated seedlings, accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b. When the composition of carotenoids was analyzed, violaxanthin level was shown to increase up to 24 h after the beginning of light illumination, followed by a subsequent decline. In contrast to this, zeaxanthin level increased consistently with progress of deetiolatin. The role of zeaxanthin is discussed in relation to chlorophyll fluorescence quenching. A study on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of the rice seedlings being deetiolated showed a time-dependent increase in Fv/Fm (yield of variable fluorescence/maximum yield of fluoresecnece) ratios, indicating that greening is responsible for the activation of photochemical reaction centers of the photosystem. When chlorophyll fluorescence quenching was examined, qNP (nonphotochemical quenching) and qE (energy-dependent quenching) exhibited a time-dependent decline with progress of greening. The presented results indicate that greening-induced development of the photosynthetic machinery is associated the conversion of the carotenoid violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, suggesting that zeaxanthin synthesized in the illuminated leaves may provide the protection from the damage when etiolated plants are exposed to light.