• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.153.1-153.1
• /
• 1990

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.171-171
• /
• 1990

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.38 no.8 s.375
• /
• pp.765-772
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.405-411
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimum conditions for oral mucosal irritation testing using the buccal pouch of hamsters. Methods: Test materials were applied to the buccal pouch of seven-week old male Syrian hamsters (SLC, Japan) four times at one-hour intervals and macroscopic changes were examined at 24 hours after final treatment. After sacrifice, the buccal pouches were removed and prepared for histopathological evaluation. In order to set the exposure time, we performed exposure tests of 5, 12, 18 and 23 minutes using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1% and set the treatment volume from the test results at 2, 3, or 4 ml treatment using SLS 1%, Triton X-100 1% and ethanol. After setting the experimental conditions, seven groups of materials [sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (1%), Triton X-100 (1%), hydrogen peroxide (3%), ethanol (100%), chlorhexidine (0.2%, 2%), phosphate buffer saline (PBS)] were assessed. Results: Experimental conditions of material exposure time were fixed as 18 minutes from the exposure tests of 5, 12, 18 or 23 min using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 1%. Treated volume was set as 4 ml per each pouch from the test results of 2, 3, or 4 ml treatments using SLS 1%, Triton X-100 1% and ethanol. The results in terms of irritation degree were in the order of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (1%) > Triton X-100 (1%) ${\fallingdotseq}$ hydrogen peroxide (3%) > ethanol (100%) ${\fallingdotseq}$ chlorhexidine (0.2%, 2%) > phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Conclusion: From this study, suitable conditions for hamster mucosal irritation testing were suggested and this method was verified through materials commonly used on oral mucosal membranes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.613-624
• /
• 2007

Full-mouth disinfection (Fdis) completes the entire scaling and root planing (SRP) in one stage within 24 hours for the prevention of microbial recolonization from untreated sites and ecological niches. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical short-term effects of modified Fdis with those of the conventional SRP in the therapy of moderate and severe chronic periodontitis. Modified Fdis group (5 patients) received the entire SRP within 24 hours using chlorhexidine solution (0.1%) and conventional SRP group (5 patients) received SRP per quadrant at one-week intervals. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, one month and three months after both therapies. The results of this case report were as follows: 1. There were considerable decreases in sulcus bleeding index and plaque index one month after Fdis. 2. The mean probing depth of single-rooted teeth decreased more in Fdis group than conventional SRP group after therapy and, that of multi-rooted teeth decreased similarly in both groups. 3. The mean probing depth decreased 1.77mm in case of initial probing depth of 4-6mm and it decreased 4.13mm in case of initial probing depth of ${\geq}$ 7mm three months after Felis. 4. There were the smaller increases in gingival recession together with the larger gains in attachment in Fdis group than conventional SRP group after three months. Within the limitations of this study, one could conclude that Fdis has beneficial clinical effects in the treatment of moderate and severe chronic periodontitis and further research would be helpful including more subjects during a longer period to confirm the beneficial long-term effects of Fdis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.627-633
• /
• 2000

A 6-year-old male Basset hound weighing 9.3 kg was presented with a history of severe mucopurulent discharge from the bilateral fronto-nasal area which had been developed progressively over 1 year. At admission, the physical state and appetite of the patient was poor. There was bilateral thick and mucoprulent discharge on the fronto-orbital area with fistula opening in the skin over the frontal bone. A sample of exudate was cultured and fungi were isolated. Radiographically, there was an increased diffuse opacity of the frontal sinus with decreased definition and a thickening of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. This case was finally diagnosed as chronic fungal frontal sinusitis. After surgical obliteration of the sinus, local and systemic antifungal therapy with chlorhexidine and ketoconazole were applicated. The dog had gradually recovered the physical state and appetite.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.242-244
• /
• 2003

A 3-year-old, male, mongrel dog was presented with pruritus, alopecia to the Veterinary medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine of Kyungpook National University. On physical examination, generalized erythema, papules, scales and crusts were observed. The canine scabies infestation was diagnosed by deep skin scraping and Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were found on skin cytology. He was treated with selamectin at 6 mg/kg applied to the skin in a single spot every two weeks for one month in order to investigate the effect of selamectin on canine scabies and was treated with amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanate pattassium, ketoconazole and chlorhexidine shampoo for Malassezia sup. and Staphylococcus spp. simultaneously. When he was rechecked after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first application of selamectin, scabies werent seen. The dermatological signs including pruritus, papules, scales, and crusts were remarkably resolved at 14 days. The alopecia was almost disappeared and few Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were seen after 28 days. The efficacy of selamectin by this protocol is excellent in the dog infestated canine scabies.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare three surgical scrub methods-4% chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG) with brush, 4% CHG without brush, and waterless scrub using 1% CHG and 61% ethanol combination(alcohol-based agent)-for antimicrobial efficacy. Method: "Glove-juice technique" was used to evaluate microbial hand counts before surgical scrubs, 1 min and 3 hr after surgical scrubs. Result: Waterless scrub using CHG and ethanol combination resulted in a 4.8-log reduction at 1 min and 4.0-log reduction at 3 hr. CHG without brush resulted in a 4.7-log reduction at 1 min and 3.3-log reduction at 3 hr. The traditional scrub using CHG with brush resulted in a 3.6-log reduction at 1 min and 0.8-log reduction at 3 hr. The waterless scrub and CHG without brush showed significantly higher log reduction(p<.05) than CHG with brush at 1 min and 3 hr after surgical scrub. Waterless scrub showed greater log reductions than CHG without brush, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Waterless scrub using alcohol-based agent showed more persistent and immediate antimicrobial efficacy than either CHG with brush or CHG without brush.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the acceptable intraoral application time of antiseptic agents and evaluate the effect of mechanical irrigation. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were selected for this study. Saliva secreted at the resting state was taken. The subjects were divided into 8 experimental groups, and kept 10% povidone-iodine (PVI) or 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 20 or 40 seconds in their oral cavity with/without irrigation of the oral cavity with sterilized normal saline, respectively. Then, the saliva was taken and diluted with phosphate buffered saline and then plated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates, which were incubated. Colony forming unit (CFU) was measured for the salivary bacterial counts. Results: After application of PVI and CHX, all the experimental groups showed statistically significant decrease in CFU (P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate in CFU than group 4 (CHX, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 6 (PVI, 40 s, irrigated) showed more significant reduction rate than group 2 (PVI, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate than group 1 (PVI, 20 s; P<0.01). Conclusion: Application of PVI for 40 seconds and mechanical irrigation with sterilized normal saline showed the best result among the 8 groups in terms of the reduction rate of salivary bacterial counts.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.1.1-1.8
• /
• 2018

Objectives: To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro. Materials and Methods: Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results: The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.