• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine the growth condition of Chionanthus retusa, roadside tree in Cheongyechon (CGC) and to investigate the relationship soil characteristics and tree vitality and chlorophyll contents of it. Growth condition of tree (condition of flower, leaves and branch, % of flowering, height, diameter at breast height, width, vitality and chlorophyll contents) and physiochemical relation item (pH, organic matter, K, Mg, Na, Ca, P) were investigated. The result are as follows : 1. The growth condition of flower, leaves and branch in the left side of CGC is better than the right side since the quantity of sunshine of left side of CGC is much more than the right side. 2. The average pH was alkaline. P and organic contents were much lower than the standards. 3. Tree vitality and chlorophyll contents were bad where were high user density and high buildings, such as 1, 2 area near Jong-gak and jongro 3 ga. Among the physiochemical factors of soil which affect tree vitality, K and P were found to be the main factors. Therefore, in order to improve the growth environment of roadside tree in CGC, it is needed to do periodical soil fertilizing and improve physical characteristics of soil such as, permeability and porosity by soil conditioner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine in vitro antioxidative activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibitory effect of various solvent fractions from Chionanthus retusa leaves. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potent antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The active compound was isolated from the butanol fraction by silica gel column chromatography and MPLC. The isolated compound was luteolin-4'-O-glucoside determined by $^1H$, $^{13}C$-NMR and 2D NMR. Compared with several antioxidant compounds, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside exhibited effective DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power in a concentration dependent manner. Bioassay with pure luteolin-4'-O-glucoside showed a dose-independent inhibitory effect on L-DOPA oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase and its $IC_{50}$ values were established as 23.2 ${\mu}g/mL$. Therefore, we may suggest that luteolin-4'-O-glucoside can be used as a food additive possessing the potent antioxidative activity and skin-whitening cosmetic material.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-47
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• 1998

This study examined ecophysiological characteristics, cultivation methods and planting uses of tree and shrub species native to Kangwon province and valuable as landscape plants. The results were as followos : 1. 73 species selected as shrubs were ; Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron micranthum, Abelia mosanensis, Abeliophyllum distichum, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Acanthopanax senticosus, Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum etc. 2. 38 species selected as trees were ; Cornus controversa, Sorbus commixta, Malus baccata, Prunus padus, Acer triflorum, Acer tegmentosum, Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Sorbus alnifolia etc. 3. Shade-tolerant species were ; Abies koreana, Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron micranthum, Prunus padus, Sorbus commixta, Acer triflorum, Rhus japonica, Cornus kousa, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Sorbus alnifolia, Magnolia sieboldii, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Berberis koreana, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus. 4. Species growing well even in less fertile soils were ; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus dentata, Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhus japonica, Quercus acutissima, Albizzia julibrissin, Sorbus alnifolia, Staphylea bumalda, Philadelphus schrenckii, Clerodendron trichotomum, Deutzia coreana, Weigela florida, Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lindera obtusiloba. 5. Salt-tolerant species were ; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus aliena, Prunus padus, Styrax japonica, Quercus dentata, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Albizzia julibrissin, Tilia amurensis, Forsythia koreana, Lonicera maackii, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Clerodendron trichotomum, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Abelia mosanensis, Deutzia coreana, Viburnum carlesii, Rhus japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Callicarpa dichotoma, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus. 6. Pollutant-tolerant species were ; Styrax japonica, Prunus padus, Quercus dentata, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Styrax obassia, Forsythia koreana, Kpiraea salicifolia, Clerodendron trichotomum, Viburnum sargentii, Viburnum carlesii, Weigela florida and Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2020

It is known that different plant species have ability to deposit different amounts of particulate matter (PM) on their leaves and plants can absorb heavy metals in PM through their leaves. Heavy metals in PM can have toxic effect on human body and plants. Therefore, PM on different roadside trees at Chungbuk national University including box tree (Buxus koreana), yew (Taxus cuspidate), royal azalea (Rhododendron yedoense), and retusa fringetree (Chionanthus retusa) was quantified based on particle size (PM_>10 and PM_2.5-10). The metal concentration in PM accumulated on leaves was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. In this study, the mass of PM_>10 deposited on the surface of the tree leaves ranged from 6.11 to 32.7 ㎍/㎠, while the mass of PM_2.5-10 ranged from 0 to 14.8 ㎍/㎠. The royal azaleas with grooves and hair on the leaf surface retained PM particles for longer time, while the yews and box trees with wax on leaf surfaces accumulated more PM. The PM contained elements in crustal material such as Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe and heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Zn. The concentration of elements in crustal material was higher in the coarser size, while heavy metal concentration was relatively higher in the finer size fraction. The Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of leaves and PM_2.5-10 were significantly correlated indicating that PM was taken up through tree leaves.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of naturally occurring aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors from white-color natural products (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, Chionanthus retusa, Cosmos bipinnatus, Hibiscus syriacus, Hydrangea paniculata, Magnolia denudata, Prunus padus, Robinia pseudo-accacia, Rhododendron mucronulatum for. albiflorum, Spiraea blumei, and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora). The MeOH extract of white-color natural products were tested on rat lens AR inhibition in vitro. Among them, the MeOH extract of R. mucronulatum for. albiflorum showed highest inhibition on AR ($IC_{50}$ value, 1.07 ${\mu}g/ml$). These results suggested that R. mucronulatum for. albiflorum, a white-color natural product, could be a useful resource in the development of a novel AR inhibitory agent against diabetic complications.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2003

The objective of this experiment was to search plant species with herbicidal activity in Korea. Two hundred native plants were collected and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Six plants such as Staphylea bumalda, Wistaria floribunda, Allium victorialis, Rumex crispus, Chionanthus retusa, and Ulmus parvifolia were highly herbicidal: their $GR_{50}$ values were < $1,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. In addition, seventeen plants such as Galium spurium, Zelkova serrata, Campsis grandiflora, Eucommia ulmoides, Sorbus commixta, Deutzia glabrata, Cercis chinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia japonica, Kerria japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Thuja orientalis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pulsatilla koreana showed herbicidal activity: their $GR_{50}$ values were between 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. However, 177 plants showed no herbicidal activity. Plants with herbicidal activity found in this study could be used for weed management and herbicidal compounds in such herbicidal plants could be used as lead compounds in the development of new herbicides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.150-168
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare stand structure in Bihwajin basin Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Korea for ten years between 2003 and 2014, in which occurred the east coastal forest fire in 2000. Data were collected from 32 quadrates that followed by the analysis of vegetation classification according to plant sociology, importance value by Mclntosh and Curtise, species diversity and similarity index. In the result of vegetation classification, the vegetation unit decreased from 7 units to 4 units, and the number of species groups changed from 11 to 7. As a result of importance value (IV) changes, IV of Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata and Q. variabilis was increased by 6.8%, 5.2% and 2.9% in the order, respectively. However, that of Pinus densiflora was decreased by 2.8%. That of major planted species such as Castanea crenata, Chionanthus retusa, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, Acer triflorum and Koelreuteria paniculata was reduced. As a result of species diversity, it was increased from 0.252 to 0.287 in tree layer, from 0.252 to 0.434 in subtree layer, and from 1.293 to 1.333 in shrub layer. But that in herb layer was decreased from 1.745 to 1.646. As a result of similarity index, it was 0.78, 0.65, 0.72 and 0.55 by layers that showed most difference in herb stratum. Considering the results, this study would be applied to the ecosystem diagnose and management of forest fire damaged area similar to the investigated area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.536-543
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• 2017

This study developed a new methodology to evaluate the carbon storage using a Mobile Mapping System according to the life cycle of street trees. The system for calculating the carbon storage of a roadside tree using the MMS developed in this study consisted of a database, memory, processor, user interface, and communication module. The carbon storage was calculated for 261 trees in the Cheonan-Asan New Town (distance: 2.1 km, area: $283,698m^2$). The average biomass and carbon storage of Metasequoia glyptostroboides were highest at 34.5 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 19.5 kg and 9.8 kg C, respectively. The total biomass and total carbon storage of Ginkgo biloba were highest at 5028.8 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 780.7 kg and 390.3 kg C, respectively. Based on the roadside tree database, the amount of carbon storage in a given area was converted to Google format and visualized in 3D by GIS analysis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.118-130
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• 2023

Decay or large cavities inside trees are the main causes of trees overturning and broken branches, and structurally weakened trees are more vulnerable to strong winds and heavy snowfall. Recently, as strong winds and typhoons increase due to climate change, the damage to human life and property due to trees overturning continues to increase, and cultural assets are in a similar situation. In particular, old big trees are structurally vulnerable to external shocks such as strong winds and heavy snowfall. This study was aimed at providing a scientific basis for preventive protection measures by conducting a structural stability diagnosis of seven retusa fringe trees designated as natural monuments. For the structural stability diagnosis, tree risk assessment and internal tree defect measurements were performed. As a result of the tree risk assessment, the Retusa Fringe Trees in Sinjeon-ri, Yangsan and Gwangyangeupsu had the highest risk of broken branches due to weak branch attachment strength. As a result of the diagnosis of internal defects of cross sections of measured trees, there were suspected cavities or severe decay in all except two trees of the population of Retusa Fringe Trees in Pyeongji-ri. Natural disasters due to climate change are increasing, and the scale is getting larger, so it is very important to preemptively manage large old trees through scientific structural safety diagnosis to manage trees that are vulnerable to environmental changes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.68-86
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• 2002

The vascular plants in Bulgapsan, Younggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, were consisted of 437 taxi; 104 families, 289 genus, 382 species, 51 varieties, 4 forma. From the floristic point of view, Bulgapsan is belongs to the South Province in Korea represented as Platycarya strobilacea, Cudrania tricuspidata, Mallotus japonicus, Lindera glauca, Euscaphis japonica, Meliosma myriantha, Euryu japonica, Halorrhagis micrantha, Hydeocotyle maritima, H. ramifloru, Chionanthus retusa, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium and Cymbidium goeringii, The Specific plants which is categorized to the Degree by the Ministry of Environment appeared to 25 taxa; Degree V was 2 species, Degree IV was 15 species, Degree III was 7 species and Degree II was 1 species. The mark evaluated by Degrees of five evaluation unit was 186.