• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3628-3638
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• 2023

This paper uses 135 Licensed Operator Event Reports (LOER) from Chinese nuclear plants to analyze how safety culture affects unsafe behaviors in nuclear power plants. On the basis of a modified human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) framework, structural equation model (SEM) is used to explore the relationship between latent variables at various levels. Correlation tests such as chi-square test are used to analyze the path from safety culture to unsafe behaviors. The role of latent error is clarified. The results show that the ratio of latent errors to active errors is 3.4:1. The key path linking safety culture weaknesses to unsafe behaviors is Organizational Processes → Inadequate Supervision → Physical/Technical Environment → Skill-based Errors. The most influential factors on the latent variables at each level in the HFACS framework are Organizational Processes, Inadequate Supervision, Physical Environment, and Skill-based Errors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been successfully used method to introduce foreign genes into some monocotyledonous as well as a large number of dicotyledonous plants genome, We developed transgenic Chinese cabbage plants with insect-resistance gene, modified CryIAc, by Agrobacterium-transformation and confirmed transgene copy number by Southern blot analysis. We confirmed that twenty-nine out of 46 transgenic Chinese cabbage plants have single copy of CryIAc. To obtain the sequences information on the transferred DNA (T-DNA) integration into plant genome, we analyzed left border (LB) flanking sequences by genome walking (GW) PCR method. Out of 46 transgenic Chinese cabbage plants examined, 37 carried the vector backbone sequences. This result indicates that the transfer of the vector backbone from the binary vectors resulted mainly from inefficient termination of LB site. Analysis of T-DNA LB flanking region of 9 transgenic Chinese cabbage plants without vector backbone revealed that all LB ends were not conserved and nucleotides up to 36bp from the LB cleavage site were deleted.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.631-634
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• 2014

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.40-56
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• 1995

During the past two decades, China has seen her great progress in plant biotechnology. Since the Chinese market of herb medicine is huge, while the plant resources are shrinking, particular emphasis has been placed in plant tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants, this includes fast propagation, protoplast isolation and regeneration, cell suspension cultures and large scale fermentation. To optimize culture conditions for producing secondary compounds in vitro, various media, additives and elicitors have been tested. Successful examples of large scale culture for the secondary metabolite biosynthesis are quite limited : Lithospermum ery throrhizon and Arnebia euchroma for shikonin derivatives, Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolium for saponins, and a few other medicinal plants. Recent development of genetic transformation systems of plant cells offered a new approach to in vitro production of secondary compounds. Hairy root induction and cultures, by using Ri-plasmid, have been reported from a number of medicinal plant species, such as Artemisia annua that produces little artemisinin in normal cultured cells, and from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In the coming five years, Chinese scientists will continue their work on large scale cell cultures of a few of selected plant species, including Taxus spp. and A. annua, for the production of secondary metabolites with medicinal interests, one or two groups of scientists will be engaged in molecular cloning of the key enzymes in plant secondary metabolism.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

The response of plants to pathogens and wounding is dependent upon very sensitive perception mechanisms. Although genetic approaches have revealed a variety of resistance genes that activate common defense responses, defense-related proteins are not well characterized in plants. Therefore, we used a proteomic approach to determine which defense-related proteins are induced by salicylic acid (SA) and wounding in Chinese cabbage. We found that SA and wounding induce pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR1a) at both protein and mRNA levels using proteomics and Northern blot analysis, respectively. This indicates that our proteomic approach is useful for identifying defense-related proteins. We also identified several other proteins that are induced by SA or wounding. Among the seven SA-induced proteins identified, four may be defense-related, including defense-related protein, phospholipase D (PLD), resistance protein RPS2 homolog, and L-ascorbate peroxidase. Out of the six wounding-induced proteins identified, three may be defense-related: heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), polygalacturonase, and peroxidase P7. The precise functions of these proteins in plant defense responses await further study. However, identification of the defense-related proteins described in this study should allow us to better understand the mechanisms and signal transduction pathways involved in defense responses in Chinese cabbage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of leaf rot and leaf ring spot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Chinese cabbage under seedling nursery and cultivation greenhouses. Symptoms of leaf rot and leaf ring spot were found in three Chinese cabbage cultivars, Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, 'Ryeokgwang', 'Daetong', and 'CR mat'. In Hwacheon, the disease incidence was 73.8% in the seedling stage of the Chinese cabbage. In Icheon, the symptoms were observed on the upper leaves of the Chinese cabbage cultivar, 'Norangmini' with 20.5% of disease incidence. The symptoms appeared as primary lesions consisting of small, circular necrotic ring spots with gray color, 1.4-3.0 mm in diameter, accompanied by secondary rot lesions with large irregular borders of leaves. The color of mycelial mat of 20 isolates was dark brown and light brown. The average hyphal diameter of all the isolates was within 5.01-11.12 ${\mu}m$. Among the 20 strains isolated from Chinese cabbage, 16 isolates and four isolates anastomosed with the AG-1 (IB) and AG-1 (IC), respectively. Twenty isolates tested were only virulent on foliage parts of Chinese cabbage leaves but were avirulent on stem parts of the plants. Based on the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

During late August and early September 2011, stem rot symptoms were observed on adzuki bean plants (Vigna angularis) growing in fields located in Beijing and Hebei Province, China, respectively. In this study, four isolates were obtained from infected stems of adzuki bean plants. Based on their morphology, and sequence and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (rDNA-ITS) region, the four isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani in anastomosis group (AG) 4 HGI. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates were strongly pathogenic to adzuki bean and resulted in serious wilt symptoms which was similar to observations in the fields. Additionally, the isolates infected several other crops and induced related rot on the roots and basal stems. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HGI causing stem rot on adzuki bean.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.437-445
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• 2021

Tilletia laevis Kuhn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) causes wheat common bunt, which is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. Common bunt can result in a reduction of 80% or even a total loss of wheat production. In this study, the characteristics of T. laevis infection in compatible wheat plants were defined based on the combination of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found T. laevis could lead to the abnormal growth of wheat tissues and cells, such as leakage of chloroplasts, deformities, disordered arrangements of mesophyll cells and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. What's more, T. laevis teliospores were found in the roots, stems, flag leaves, and glumes of infected wheat plants instead of just in the ovaries, as previously reported. The abnormal characteristics caused by T. laevis may be used for early detection of this pathogen instead of molecular markers in addition to providing theoretical insights into T. laevis and wheat interactions for breeding of common bunt resistance.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2007

Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants will be required the assessment of risks associated with the release of GM plants that should include a detailed risk assessment of their impacts in human health and the environment. Prior to GM plant release, applicants should provide the information on GM crops for approval. We carried out this study to provide the molecular data for risk assessment of the GM Chinese cabbage plants with insect-resistance gene, modified CryIAc, which we obtained by Agrobacterium-transformation. From the molecular analysis with GM Chinese cabbage, we confirmed the transgene copy number and stability, the expression of the transgene, and integration region sequences between the transgene and the Chinese cabbage genome. Based on the unique integration DNA sequences, we designed specific primer set to detect GM Chinese cabbage and set up the GM cabbage detection method by qualitative PCR analysis. Qualitative analysis with GM Chinese cabbage progenies analysis was revealed the same as the result of herbicide treatment. Our results provided the molecular data for risk assessment analysis of GM Chinese cabbage and demonstrated that the primer set proposed could be useful to detect GM Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1563-1579
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• 2024

More and more diterpenoids have attracted extensive attention due to the diverse chemical structures and excellent biological activities, and have been developed into clinical drugs or consumer products. The vast majority of diterpenoids are derived from plants. With the long-term development of plant medicinal materials, the natural resources of many plant diterpenoids are decreasing, and the biosynthetic mechanism of key active components has increasingly become a research hotspot. Using synthetic biology to engineer microorganisms into "cell factories" to produce the desired compounds is an essential means to solve these problems. In this review, we depict the plant-derived diterpenoids from chemical structure, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. We use representative plant diterpenes as examples to expound the research progress on their biosynthesis, and summarize the heterologous production of plant diterpenoids in microorganisms in recent years, hoping to lay the foundation for the development and application of plant diterpenoids in the future.