• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Sericulture is a traditional agro-industry, which involves mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing, has made great contributes to the human civilization. With the development of national economy and modem technology, mulberry and silkworm are being used to develop products with functionality besides the traditional cocoon production in China. In this paper, we brief the current developing situation of sericultural byproducts with functionality in the following aspects. (1) Functional products from silkworm larvae: silkworm powder, white muscardine silkworm, isolation and purification of anti-bacterial proteins from the larvae and production of medically valuable substances by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) vector. (2) Utilization of silkworm feces: for pillow and for isolation of chlorophyll etc. (3) Production of valuable Chinese traditional medicine like Cordyceps sinensis with pupae, functional utilization of pupa protein and chitin. (4) Silk as additives to cosmetics, silk food and medical materials. (5) Functional utilization of mulberry: cultivation of edible fungus on mulberry shoots as medium, mulberry fruit drinks, mulberry tea, etc. The prospect of sericultural byproduct industry in China is also discussed.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1979

대기공해가 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 일본종계통 2품종과 중국종계통 2품종을 오염상 비오염상세, 척상별로 사육하고, 또 상엽 및 잠체중의 S, Cd 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 잠아경과일수는 일본종계통은 비오염구에 비해 오염구가 2.5일 정도 중국종계통은 4일정도 지연 및 불재일하였고 세척구는 중간정도 였다. 2. 잠아 5령극대체중, 견층중, 전견중등은 비오염구, 세척구, 오염구 순으로 성적이 떨어졌다. 3. 화용비율은 상엽처리별로 볼때 일본종은 유의성이 없었으나 중국종은 고도의 유의성을 나타냈다. 4. 오염상엽에 대한 저항성은 일본종계통에 비하여 중국종계통이 현저하게 약하며 동일계통에서도 종간에 차가 있다. 5. 오염지역의 상엽은 비오염지역의 상엽보다 S 및 Cd의 함량이 각각 약 30%, 300%증가하였다. 6. 잠체내 에서도 비오염상 급여구는 S가 0.41%, Cd 0.013ppm 이고 세척상 급여구는 S가 0.52%, Cd가 0.042ppm순으로 높았다. 7. S 및 Cd의 함량이 상엽에 가시적인 피해는 나타내지 않았으나 잠아에는 피해가 심했다. 8. 잠아의 실용형질은 공해로 인한 상엽질의 악화에서 입는 피해보다 상엽에 부착된 분전의 해가 더컸다. 9. 이상을 종합해 보면 분장지대 선정에 있어서 중국종계통은 공해지역을 피할 것이며 부득이한 경우는 상엽을 세척급여하면 현저한 효과를 거둘수 있을 것이다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2003

Mathematical constants for multiplication with leaf length (I) or breadth (b) or l ${\times}$ b have been worked out for determining leaf area in promising mulberry genotypes viz., Chinese White, S-146, Chak Majra and Sujanpur Local of sub-tropical India. When pooled, the mathematical constants worked out were 8.1132, 10.1019 and 0.5992 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively, for genotypes bearing un-lobbed leaves and 6.9447, 8.2761 and 0.5009 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively for genotypes bearing lobbed leaves. Leaf area can be worked out by using any constant by multiplying either with leaf length or breadth or both (l ${\times}$ b). Estimated leaf areas worked out were found significantly and positively correlated with actual leaf area (r＝999$^{＊＊}$). The suggested present non-destructive method by using mathematical constants is very quick and alternative to electronic leaf area meter for spot leaf area determination in mulberry which is the only food source for mulberry silkworm in sericulture industry.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1985

뽕나무 오갈병 마이코플라스마가 매개곤충인 마름무늬매미충에 의하여 5가지 초본식물(일일초, 화이트클로우버, 라디노클로우버, 레드클로우버, 자운영)에 전염되었음이 병징발현과 광학 및 전자현미경적 방법에 의하여 확인되었다. 전염된 식물에서는 마름무늬매미충이 적어도 25일 이상 생존하였고, 산란이 확인되었다. 이 병의 잠복기간은 일일초에서 $25\~30$일, 클로우버류와 자운영에서는 $35\~40$일로 나타났다. 감염된 식물의 공통된 병징은 잎의 변색으로, 일일초는 엽맥투화 및 황화, 화이트 및 라디노클로우버는 갈색, 레드클로우버는 적색, 자운영의 잎은 광색으로 각각 나타났다. 한편 클로우버류와 자운영에서는 상기한 잎의 변색과 함께 식물체에 위축병상이 나타났다. Dienes 염색에 의한 광학현미경적 진단방법은, 모든 이병식물의 줄기 사부가 특이하게 염색디어 뽕나무 오갈병 마이코플라스마의 검출에 신빙성이 있고, 사용하기에 간편한 것으로 나타났다. Toluidine blue 염색에 의한 광학현미경적 방법과 전자현미경 관찰로, 이병식물조직내에서 마이코플라스마의 존재가 확인됨으로써 이 병의 전염이 입증되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1997

Bombyx mori, silkworm powder has been studied for blood-glucose lowering activity by National Sericulture & Entomology Research Institute(NSERI) and Kyung Hee University group in 1995. To obtain the optimum preparative condition of silkworm powder for lowering blood-glucose levels in postprandial time, blood-glucose lowering activity of mulberry & silkworm varieties were examined. In mulberry varieties, Samkwangjam showed the highest activity. Activity for lowering blood-glucose levels of autumn rearing silkworm was higher than that of spring silkworm and hybrid silkworm showed higher activity than that of parent silkworm. In the silkworm lines, Chinese lines showed higher activity than that of Japanese lines. In experiments to see the difference in blood-glucose lowering activity between either male and female or larvae and pupae, activity of larvae was higher than that of pupae and the male was higher than female. The heating dry and artificial diet showed lower than mulberry diet and normal freeze dry of the 5th instar 3rd day. Among the sericultural products, larvae showed the highest activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of bioconversion on different components of the mulberry tree, and determined changes in the physiological activities. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of five different segments (fruit, Mori Fructus; leaf, Mori Folium; twig, Mori Ramulus; root, Mori Cortex; and mistletoe, Loranthi Ramulus) of the mulberry tree show enhanced anti-oxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylvenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, after being treated with a crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, in the following order of activity: Mori Folium>Mori Cortex>Mori Ramulus>Mori Fructus>Loranthi Ramulus. Ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of mulberry leaves (Mori Folium) that underwent bioconversion was most effective, and was devoid of any cytotoxicity. The fraction was also effective against mRNA expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6. In addition, the fraction was effective in LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and IKK, and $I{\kappa}B$ degradation, followed by translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, bioconversion increased the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the mulberry leaf.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

The leaves (Mori Folium; MF), branches (Mori Ramulus; MR), and root bark (Mori Cortex Radicis; MCR) of the mulberry tree have been used as therapeutic herbs for centuries. Existing analytical methods were developed specifically for different parts of the tree and cannot be applied to samples containing a mixture of tree parts. Such method specialization is time-consuming and requires separate identification and quality control of each tree part. This report describes an HPLC method for the simultaneous quality control and discrimination of MF, MR, and MCR using four marker compounds: rutin, kuwanon G, oxyresveratrol, and morusin. An Optimapak $C_{18}$ column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) was used with a gradient elution of 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. In quantitative analyses of the three parts, rutin (0.11 % w/w) was detected only in MF. The oxyresveratrol content (0.12 % w/w) was highest in MR. Kuwanon G (0.33 % w/w) and morusin (0.18 % w/w) were higher in MCR than in other parts. The HPLC method given herein can be used to simultaneously classify and quantify three herbal medicines from the mulberry tree.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 1999

This study examines the effects of the Korean horticultural foods which are, by traditional wisdom, supposed to contain anti-aging substance. All twenty three kinds of plants are chosen as a sample for the experiment in which the content of three main anti-aging nutrients, -carotene, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E are respectively measured by Nilis, Colorimetric, and AOAC method. The result shows: among the samples, top six plants that contain the most -carotene content are high quality tea(Camellia sinensis), thistle(Cirsium japonicum Var.), Angelica keiskei, mulberry leaves(Morus alba l.), field horsetail(Equisetum arvensa), and carrot(Daucus carota), in order; top four for a Vitamin C contents are low quality tea, mulberry leaves, pine leaves(Pinus densiflora), and high quality tea, in order; top four for a Vitamin E contents are persimmon leaves(Diospyros mongolicum) tea, high quality tea, low quality tea, and pine leaves, in order. Drying or boiling process increases the content of -carotene and Vitamin E in high quality tea, dropwort(Oenanthe javanica), field horsetail, and wild aster(Ligularia stenocephala Marsumum et Koldzumi), while, in case of mulberry leaves, drying process lowers them. Vitamin C content strikingly decreases in heating and drying process.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2004

Here we report the molecular cloning of a LIM protein cDNA of the CRP (cysteine-rich protein) family from the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona, geramri. The A. germari LIM protein cDNA contains an open reading frame of 276 bp encoding 92 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of approximately 10 kDa. The A. germari LIM protein contains the cysteine-rich consensus sequence of LIM domain and the glycine-rich consensus sequence observed in cysteine-rich protein family 1 (CRP1). The potential nuclear targeting signal is retained. The deduced amino acid sequence of the A. germari LIM protein cDNA showed 81 % identity to both Bombyx mori muscle LIM protein (Mlp) and Drosophila melanogaster Mlp60A and 77% to Epiblema scudderiana Mlp. Northern blot analysis showed that A. germari LIM protein is highly expressed in epidermis and muscle, and less strongly in midgut, but not in the fat body.