• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chinese milk-vetch

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Preference of Adult Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to Different Seedlings of Upland Crops (알팔파바구미 성충의 밭작물 유식물에 대한 기주선호성)

  • Bae, Soondo;Kim, Hyunju;Mainali, Bishwo Prasad;Yoon, Youngnam;Lee, Geonhwi
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.371-377
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    • 2013
  • Occurrence of adult alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal, was observed at Chinese milk vetch field, and host plant preference of its $1^{st}$ generation adult was observed at greenhouse and Chinese milk vetch field. The over-wintered adult of the weevil appeared from late March and peaked in mid April while the $1^{st}$ generation adult appeared from late April and peaked in late May. However, the occurrence of over-wintered adult was very low contrary to the $1^{st}$ generation adult which was very high with some variations among observed years. In greenhouse, host plant preference of $1^{st}$ adult generation of H. postica was evaluated with 11 different seedlings. H. postica was found to occur in significantly higher number on Chinese cabbage seedling followed by soybean, and kale at 7 days after releasing(DAR). Corn, crown daisy and sorghum were found to be the least preferred with nil occurrence of the weevil. Seedlings damage rate by H. postica feeding at 7DAR was the most severe on Chinese cabbage(60.0%) followed by soybean(50.0%), kale(30.0%), foxtail millet(16.7%), proso millet(13.3%) and lettuce(3.3%) significantly. Also, seedlings damage rate by H. postica at 7DAR in Chinese milk vetch field had shown the similar trend with Chinese cabbage(46.7%), soybean(43.3%), kale(23.3%), foxtail millet(13.3%) and proso millet(13.3%) in greenhouse significantly. Accordingly, results on host plant preference of H. postica from this study can be used as a basic information for safe cultivation of upland crops at near or around green manure crop field.

Effects of Supplementary Chinese Milk Vetch Silage and Rapeseed Meal on the Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Lambs Given Ammoniated Rice Straw Based Diet

  • Wu, Yueming;Liu, Jian Xin;Chen, Zhenming
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.455-461
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    • 1998
  • This study was proposed to investigate effects of inclusion of Chinese milk vetch silage (MVS) and rapeseed meal (RSM) on the growth and rumen fermentation of Hu-sheep. Fifty weanling lambs were randomly divided into five equal groups and offered ammoniated rice straw (ABRS) ad libitum along with 100 g concentrate (Trial 1). The animals in $T_0$, $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ group were respectively supplemented with MVS at levels of 0, 0, 7, 14 or 21% and with RSM at levels of 0, 15, 10, 5 or 0%. Daily gain of lambs was significantly (p<0.05) higher in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ group than that in $T_0$ and $T_4$ group. Feed conversion ratio was greatly reduced in supplemented groups as compared with $T_0$ group. In trial 2, five sheep with rumen cannulae were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. The experimental treatments were as described in Trial 1, but without concentrate. The intake of AVRS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in $T_4$ group than that in $T_0$ group, and also significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in $T_1$ and $T_2$ group. Little difference among all treatments was found in 48h DM degradability of ABRS, MVS and RSM, and in rumen pH value and microbial protein concentration. Rumen concentrations of individual and total VFA tended to be higher in supplemented groups than those in $T_0$ group.These rusults suggest that supplementation with RSM or RSM plus MVS can effectively improve the performance of lambs, and may fail to influence markedly the rumen digestion of ABRS and rumen environments.

Optimum Soil Incorporation Time of Chinese Milk Vetch(Astragalus sinicus L) for its Natural Re-seeding and Green Manuring of Rice in Gyeongnam Province, Korea

  • Kim, Sang-Yeol;Oh, Seong-Hwan;Hwang, Woon-Ha;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Oh, Byeong-Gen
    • Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 2008
  • To develop a natural re-seeding technology, the optimum soil incorporation time of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) plant residues, seed persistence in soil, biomass production and subsequent rice yield were determined from 2005 to 2007 in rice with CMV green manure in southern Korea. Generally, insufficient seedling stand was regenerated with CMV incorporation to the soil at 20 and 25 days after flowering(DAF), while high regeneration of greater than 400 seedlings per $m^2$ was observed at 35 and 40 DAF. High re-seeding stand of CMV incorporated at 35 DAF or later was related with high seed viability and heavy seed weight. Appreciable number of CMV seeds remained 4 month after burial in soil and a good number of CMV seedlings regenerated from this seed bank at rice harvest time in the fall. Based on the relationships among re-seeding number of CMV plants, seed weight and seed viability, CMV plants should be incorporated into the soil 35 DAF(May 30) or later when CMV seeds were sufficiently matured. The natural re-seeding stand for the 3-year trials was stable ranging from 437 to 700 plants per $m^2$ and the biomass production was sufficient to supply nitrogen for rice growth. The use of re-seeding CMV plant can produce similar rice yield like that of rice without CMV green manure.

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Comparison of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Winter Cover Crop Cultivation in Rice Paddy Soil

  • Lee, Seul-Bi;Haque, Mozammel;Pramanik, Prabhat;Kim, Sang-Yoon;Kim, Pil-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.234-242
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

Effects of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth of Direct Seeded Rice in No-tillage Rice / Vetch Cropping System

  • Young-Son, Cho;Zhin-Ryong, Choe
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.97-101
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    • 1999
  • No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

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Evaluation of Legume Green Manure Crops for Spring-Sowing in the Central Regions of Korea (중부지역에서 이용 가능한 춘파용 두과 녹비작물 선발)

  • Cho, Hyeoun-Suk;Jeon, Weon-Tai;Seong, Ki-Yeung;Kim, Min-Tea;Lee, Jong-Ki;Kim, Chung-Guk;Jeong, Kwang-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 2010
  • The use of green manure crop for sustainable agriculture can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and herbicides, and the cultivation area of the green manure crop has gradually increased. However, there has been little information about appropriate use of spring-sown green manure crop in the central regions of Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different legume crops on application of sown green manure in spring. Each of the green manure crops including alfalfa, chinese milk vetch, crimson clover, crotalaria, hairy vetch, lupin, red clover and white clover was grown in upland soil of silt loam. The dry weight and C/N ratio of all crops increased throughout the growing period, while C/N ratio of all crops during growing period was lower than 25. The highest value of dry weight among the green manure crops was observed in crimson clover, followed by red clover, lupin, chinese milk vetch and alfalfa. Also, the highest value of contents of nitrogen, phosphous and potassium of green manure crops were observed in hairy vetch, alfalfa and crimson clover, respectively. And the values were 41.3, 4.3 and 35.9 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. In terms of nitrogen yield, crimson clover that showed 71 kg N $ha^{-1}$ was the highest yield among the green manure crops, followed by chinese milk vetch of 51 kg $ha^{-1}$, red clover of 46 kg $ha^{-1}$, and hairy vetch of 41 kg $ha^{-1}$. These results suggest that crimson clover, chinese milk vetch, red clover, and hairy vetch could be a suitable green manure crop for spring sowing.

Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.