• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze 9th grade students' understanding about the earth science terms written by Chinese characters depending on their loaming style and attitudes toward science. The study selected the eight students with the middle level of science achievement and divided into four groups: verbal-high attitude toward science, verbal-low attitude toward science, visual-high attitude toward science, and visual-low attitude toward science learners. Three types of questionnaires including Korean characters type, a picture type, md Korean and Chinese characters type were developed to determine the students' understanding about the earth science terms written by Chinese characters. The results of data indicated that the 9th grade students' understanding showed no significant difference by their different teaming style, and yet demonstrated higher level of understanding in Korean and Chinese characters type questionnaire rather than Korean characters type only or a picture type. On the other hand, the level of students' understandings both in Korean characters type and a picture type was about equal. In conclusion, it seems more effective in students' teaming about the earth science terms written by Chinese characters when they were provided with both Korean and Chinese characters.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.157-179
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Chinese adolescents' academic performance and smartphone overdependence as well as the moderating effects of parental involvement. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 472 adolescent students in three middle schools (n = 224) and three high schools (n = 248) in Shanghai, China. The survey consisted of the "S-Scale for Smartphone Addiction," the "Parental Involvement Scale," and questions regarding perceived academic performance using a demographic questionnaire. Results: The following are the major findings. First, after controlling for the students' demographic characteristics, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the students' perceived academic performance was negatively related to the levels of smartphone overdependence. Second, this study found significant moderation effects of parental involvement on the relationship between academic performance and smartphone overdependence. Chinese adolescents with low levels of perceived academic performance and high levels of perceived parental involvement showed high levels of smartphone overdependence. Finally, this study found significant moderation effects of parental involvement on the relationship between academic performance and smartphone overdependence only in middle-school students. Conclusions: These results indicate the need for healthy smartphone use and education and therapy programs for Chinese parents and adolescent children to prevent smartphone overdependence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.69-83
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• 2000

This study purposes to analyse what games are played and what play-songs are sung among Chinese primary and middle school children of immigrants who emigrated from Korea to 延邊 about 50 years ago. Questionnaire survey, asking about the kinds of games, play-materials, the origins of the games, and the contents of play-songs, was conducted on 50 5th-grade-children and 50 middle school students. The results are as follows: The primary school children have enjoyed physical play. While playing, they sang the songs which they learned from their mother, grand parents, siblings, and teachers. The middle school children tend to play alone more than the primary ones, watching videos and listening to music. Especially they enjoy the popular songs of South Korea. This phenomena reflects the cultural change of the communist society which is struggling to transform its system to open market system.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.235-249
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• 2008

The paper used the quantitative method to compare Chinese students' and teachers' mathematics related beliefs, including beliefs about mathematics, mathematics teaching and learning. The result indicated that there are some differences between their beliefs. Based on the results, we give some recommendations.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives: This study examined the life style differences of middle school students among in Korea, China and Japan and analyzed the factors influencing on the perceived health. Methods: The data of 1,390 students aged between 14 years and 16 from three countries collected between in November, 2008 and January, 2009 and analyzed the data using $x^2$-test, ANOVA-test and logistic regression analysis in SPSS Win 12.0. Results: Korean students spent more time on study and mobile phone use than Japanese, and more time on TV computer game than Chinese students. In addition, Korean students had a higher percentage in skipping breakfast and in not exercising than the other two countries. Overall, students who went to bed before midnight, having breakfast or doing exercise had better perceived health. Conclusions: The policies on health education should be conducted at a national level in order to improve their unhealthy life styles of Korean middle school students.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.520-530
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' understanding of the terms presented on the information board in the Jinan-Muju National Geopark. To this end, a survey was conducted with 219 students (147 elementary, 41 middle, and 31 high school students) to determine the level of their perceptions of the geopark, and of the usefulness of the information board, and their understanding of the terms presented on the information boards of the National Geopark. To determine the students' understanding of terms, 10 representative information boards were selected and the entire content was converted into text. Afterwards, 256 key terms were extracted from the text through discussions with three experts, and these terms were presented to students to grasp their level of understanding. The results were as follows: First, the level of students' perceptions about the geopark was very low, so publicity and educational approaches are needed. Second, students were not interested in the information board and had a low level of understanding owing to the large amount of information and reading difficulties. Third, among the 256 terms, the number of terms that students found difficult to understand tended to decrease with increasing school grade: 80 for elementary school students, 53 for middle school students, and 31 for high school students. The reason the students had difficulty in understanding terms was that elementary school students had not yet learned the terms in the curriculum, whereas middle and high school students have difficulty understanding technical terms and Chinese characters. Therefore, the information board in the geopark will need to be easily translated into Chinese characters or additional explanations of technical terms need to be provided so that visitors can understand the concepts more easily.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2002

This study is a descriptive comparative investigated one to analyze nursing education system and curriculum of Korea and China trans-culturally. 1) Education System The basic level of nursing education in Korea consisted of 65 3-year- junior college of nursing (7379 students) and 48 4-year-bachelor of nursing college (2345 students) in 2000 showing more 3-year-junior college of nursing and its students. In China, western nursing as well as Chinese nursing education system were operating. In 2000, 501 western school of middle technical nursing, 29 school of middle technical nursing of middle level education, and 89 3-year western and 24 Chinese junior college of nursing, and 42 4-year western bachelor of nursing college and 10 Chinese of high level education have been established. The presence of Chinese school of middle technical nursing system seemed to be in slower development in nursing than Korea, but that of Chinese nursing education seemed to be advanced with its national identification prior to Korea. Post graduate continuous education for RN-Diploma and RN-BSN program has been opened as in Korea. The Hosa(護士) system in school of middle technical nursing in China reflects lower level of education than Korea. But it can be a merit, other than in Korea, without nurses aids, when they are acting under supervision of nurses and led by them, and there presents a special course for promotion up to high level education. Graduate school in Korea is divided into general type opening a curriculum for MS in 1960 and as of 2000, 21 general types for majoring in nursing. The PhD course in Korea was established in 1978, and after that the PhD courses have been opening in 14 universities at present. China established master degree course in 1991 and as of 7 colleges are ongoing, and the doctoral course is now under planning, resulting slower development than Korea. 2) Education of theory and clinical practice in Korea and Chine (1) Korea's 3-year junior nursing college have 51 subjects, 49 subjects in China, which was not different. China was following education of ideology and medical. 4-year Bachelor of Science College has 92 subjects in Korea with cultural subjects and essential major studies/elective in theory education in Korea, while 63 subjects in China, showed wider selection in Korea's education. (2) Korea's 3-year and 4-year nursing colleges performed clinical practice education parallel with theoretical education for a certain period, block or theory/practice system. While China's 3-year and 4 or 5-year-colleges educated the theory first and then practice for one year in the last grade, integrating each situation of the departments and the theory. (3) Korea's oriental nursing theory in nursing education was performed in 28 colleges of 65 nationwide ones of 3-year junior nursing colleges, but only one school was educating clinical practice. In 4-year bachelor of nursing colleges, the oriental nursing theory was done in 14 among 48 investigated. And 1-4 subjects of them were doing, and 4 schools performed of clinical practice, showing more reinforced than the junior colleges. China's 3-year and 4-5-year western nursing colleges taught two subjects of Chinese medicine nursing. China's 3-year & 4-5-year College of Chinese medicine nursing, theory of Chines medicine nursing education taught eight subjects. (4) 5-year colleges of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing, theory of Chinese medicine nursing education consisted of twelve Chinese medicine nursing subjects and two of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing subjects. China was tempting a new development of a pattern of Chinese medicine nursing subjects reinforced. 3) The verification of Korean and Chinese nurse's license. The verification test of Chinese nurses license is differentiated at the level of education other than in Korea. Expire date is 2 years and a qualified test must be done to a renewal. And the continuing education hours are 72 per year, which is more enforced than Korean nurses (10 hours a year). In accordance with WTO regulations, we should prepare for opening foreign hospital, educating oriental nursing subjects. And on this, it is recommendable to settle a basic frame research to run the oriental nursing practice ongoing. 1. It is desirable to develop the oriental nursing subjects to apply its idea to the western nursing and differentiate Korean nursing. 2. It is desirable to certify oriental nurse's characters, to expand and develop the nursing areas to practice it, and to establish the oriental nursing system. 3. It is expectable to promote Korean nursing specialization to develop the oriental nursing as a professional and to create its demand.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 2015

The current study investigated how academic stress, academic burnout, and academic self-efficacy relate to each other; in addition, this study examined the mediating effects of academic self-efficacy on the relationship between academic stress and academic burnout of Chinese adolescents. A total of 412 students attending third-grade from two different middle schools (ninth-grade in the United States) located in Jiading District of Shanghai participated in the final analysis. By using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the maximum likelihood estimation procedures of AMOS 20.0, the latent variable measurement models were confirmed. The results and conclusions of this study are summarized as follows. A positive correlation between academic stress and academic burnout was soundly supported by this study. Meanwhile, both academic stress and academic burnout indicated negative correlations with academic self-efficacy. The modeling indicated that academic self-efficacy has a partial mediating process and a direct effect on the relationship between academic stress and academic burnout. Thus, academic stress and academic burnout were significantly weaker when academic self-efficacy was higher. In the field of education and curriculum, these results are applicable for restructuring or developing Chinese middle school curriculum utilizing useful methods for adolescents to develop their academic self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 2006

The influence of peer relationships and teacher's support on the development of self-concept was assessed in Chinese immigrant, Korean-Chinese, and Korean middle and high school students. Subjects were 205 Chinese immigrants in Seoul, Korea, 256 Korean-Chinese in Shenyang, China, and 368 Korean adolescents in Seoul and Ulsan, Korea. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, factor analysis, and multiple regression. Results showed that the self-concept score of Korean-Chinese was highest followed by Chinese immigrants in Korea, and Korean adolescents, in that order. The self-concept of Chinese immigrant adolescents was influenced by peer relationships, of Korean-Chinese by teacher's support, of Korean adolescents by both peer relationships and teacher's support.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2010

Objectives: This study analyzed the factors that influence the mental health of adolescents in Korea, China, and Japan. Methods: The survey was conducted in each country between November 2008 and January 2009. The respondents were 1,390 Korean, Chinese, and Japanese students aged between 14 years and 16. The mental health was measured by the School Mental Health Scale of Ochanomizu University (2004), which is composed of six scales: physical symptoms, eating disorders, depression, interpersonal relationship, powerlessness, and impulsiveness. Results: The relationship with family and friends are strongly associated with mental health. As for Korean and Chinese female students experienced mental illness more than male. Regarding Korean students, the time to use TV computer game is related to relationship and impulsiveness. The mobile phone use more than three hours is related to depression and relationship for Japanese, and the number of family member less than three, is associated with powerlessness for Chinese. Conclusion: Regular and effective health education is required in order to improve students lifestyles and family and peer relationships. This study also offers the fundamental information for health promotion programs for Korean, Chinese and Japanese students.