• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8197-8201
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• 2014

Background: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate trans-membrane 1 like (CLPTM1L) genes located on chromosome 5p15.33 are known to influence the susceptibility to various cancers. Here, we examined the association of TERT and CLPTM1L single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Genotyping of TERT SNP rs2736098 and CLPTM1L SNP rs401681 was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays in a case-control study of 201 HCC cases and 210 controls in a Chinese male population. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Results: Both the rs2736098 T allele of TERT and the rs401681 T allele of CLPTM1L were associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.605, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.164-2.213; adjusted OR=1.399, 95%CI=1.002-1.955, respectively). Individuals carrying both TERT and CLPTM1L risk genotypes had an even higher risk of HCC (adjusted OR=4.420, 95%CI= 2.319-8.425). The TERT rs2736098 T allele was also significantly associated with the level of the HCC clinical indicator alpha-fetoprotein (P=0.026). Conclusions: Our results show that genetic variants of TERT and CLPTM1L may contribute to HCC susceptibility in Chinese males.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.124-136
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• 2009

This study was focused on classifying lower-body trunk and revealing the lower-body characteristics of the Chinese males in their 20s through 40s for their slacks pattern design. Compared with the 20s, the subjects in their 30s and 40s had small vertical and big horizontal sizes and showed a somatotype difference through a horizontal change. According to the size of absolute values, the lower body of Chinese men was "tall and normal trunk"(43.9%). Based on the shape of index values, Type 3(40.3%) was representative with average hip-surface length, waist-hip width difference and long upper hip. While Type 3 was seen a lot in the 20s(51.8%), 30s and 40s were each represented by Type 2(47.1%) with the smallest waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and long hip-surface length and Type 1(45.9%) with small waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and short hip-surface length. As this study is confined to Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province and has a small number of subjects, the generalization of the findings should be more serious. Further research will be centered on the development of slacks patterns in consideration of the body type changes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2008

This study held physical measurement for male subjects in their 20s living in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in China, showing the biggest market in men's clothes. Their representative lower body types with average shapes and sizes were chosen so as to develop men's slacks patterns with better dimension fitness. The following are the results of the analysis: 1. Slacks patterns were made based on the mean measurement values of 5 people, who were closest to the representative body types, from the index*absolute group of 47 people. The dimensions of application for slacks pattern-making were 77cm(omphalion waist circumference), 91cm(hip circumference), and 103cm(slacks length). 2. For the comparison of high-fitness and more-room pattern dimensions, 5 styles of slacks were made: Korean, Chinese, British, Japanese, and industrial. In the dressing fitness tests, industrial patterns had excellent appearance and Japanese ones had the best function. 3. Based on the analysis results of slacks pattern comparison, the target slacks were experimentally made and received superior evaluation points to the compared slacks patterns in two times of evaluation for appearance and function. 4. The final slacks pattern in this research had the following dimensions: front waist circumference: W(1-2cm with room included)/4-1cm, back waist circumference: W/4+1cm, front hip circumference: H(9$\sim$10cm with room included)/4-1cm, back hip circumference: H/4+1cm, crotch length: H/4-1.5cm, hip length: crotch length-H/12, front crotch extension: H/16-1.5cm, back crotch extension: H/8+3cm, knee line: 33cm below crotch line, front tuck amount: 4cm, back dart amount: 2.5cm(center) and 1.5cm(side), and back dart length: 10cm (center) and 6cm(side).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.418-426
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• 2021

Objective : A role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is not well-understood. This study evaluates the effectiveness of DWI in the diagnosis of CVT. Methods : Literature search was conducted in electronic databases for the identification of studies which reported the outcomes of patients subjected to DWI for CVT diagnosis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve overall estimates of important diagnostic efficiency indices including hyperintense signal rate, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI in diagnosing CVT, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI signal areas and surrounding tissue. Results : Nineteen studies (443 patients with 856 CVTs; age 40 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 43]; 28% males [95% CI, 18 to 38]; symptom onset to DWI time 4.6 days [95% CI, 2.3 to 6.9]) were included. Hyperintense signals on DWI were detected in 40% (95% CI, 26 to 55) of the cases. The sensitivity of DWI for detecting CVT was 22% (95% CI, 11 to 34) but specificity was 98% (95% CI, 95 to 100). ADC values were quite heterogenous in DWI signal areas. However, generally the ADC values were lower in DWI signal areas than in surrounding normal areas (mean difference-0.33×10-3 ㎟/s [95% CI, -0.44 to -0.23]; p<0.00001). Conclusion : DWI has a low sensitivity in detecting CVT and thus has a high risk of missing many CVT cases. However, because of its high specificity, it may have supporting and exploratory roles in CVT diagnosis.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2023

Emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) is a rarely performed operation. It is important to know the indications and outcomes of EPD to have a better understanding of its application in clinical practice. A review of eight consecutive cases of EPD was done. Between January 2003 and December 2021, 8 out of 370 patients (2.2%) in a single center received pancreaticoduodenectomy as emergency. There were six males and two females with a median age of 45.5 years. The indications were trauma in three patients, bleeding tumors in two patients, and one patient each in obstructing duodenal tumor, postoperative complication and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complication. The median operative time and blood loss were 427.5 minutes and 1,825 mL, respectively. There was no operative mortality. Seven patients (87.5%) had postoperative complications. Three patients (37.5%) developed postoperative grade B pancreatic fistula. The median postoperative hospital stay was 23.5 days. Five patients were still alive while three patients survived for 13, 31, and 42 months after the operation. The causes of death were recurrent tumors in two patients, and sepsis in one patient. According to this case series, EPD is associated with increased morbidity and pancreatic fistula, but is still deserved in life-threatening situations and long-term survival is possible after EPD.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.186-195
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• 2010

The acknowledgement and preference for Korean food by Chinese students in the Daejeon area of Korea was surveyed. The students(n=132) were comprised of 57.6% males and 42.4% females, with 56.1% being >20-years-of-age and 43.9% being<20-years-of-age and 42.4% being Korean residents for over 1 year. The most recognizable aspect of Korean food was familiarity with Kimchi, Bulgogi and Bibimbap. Participants were least aware of the affordability of Korean food. Average understanding for Korean food of the Chinese students was 2.77~3.00 on a 5 point scale. Participants highly preferred(in order) Ssalbap, Gomtang and Bulgogi, while Dolsotbap, Samgyetang and Gimgui were not preferred. Female students preferred Gamjatang and Manduguk more than male students. Those students who had lived in Korea for over 1 year preferred Bulgogi and Samgyeopsal, and those residing<3 months preferred Guksujangguk. Over half of the students surveyed had knowledge of Korean food and its preparation; of these students, Korean food preferences were for Kalguksu, Mul Naengmyeon, Moosengchae, and Oisengchae.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-417
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• 2022

This study developed a structural model to examine the relationships among consumer traits, self-brand connections, and purchase intentions for local fashion brands under "Guochao" consumption in China. An online survey with a self-administered questionnaire was undertaken through Chinese SNS tools to collect the data. A total of 276 usable responses were obtained from Chinese consumers who are residents in China. More females(n=174, +63%) than males (n=102, 37%) participated, and they were aged from 18 to 45 years old. The measurement model was confirmed to be reliable and valid. In the estimated structural model, the consumer traits of ethnocentrism and cultural affinity positively affected the self-brand connection, leading to purchase intentions for the local fashion brands. Specifically, the ethnocentrism factor indirectly affected the purchase intentions by mediating the self-brand connection, while the cultural affinity factor had significant direct effects on purchase intentions. Thus, a partial mediating effect of self-brand connection was found in the relationship between the consumer traits(ethnocentrism and cultural affinity) and purchase intentions of local fashion brands in the cultural "Guochao" consumption context. This study provides insights into extending the cultural theory of ethnocentrism relevant to self-brand connections and discusses the managerial implications for developing strategic global branding in the Chinese fashion markets.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.33-48
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to investigate the social instrumentality of appearance, appearance orientation, and cosmetics purchasing behaviors of Chinese male consumers, and to find differences in the cosmetics purchasing behaviors of the male consumer groups, which were segmented by the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation. The subjects were 400 adult males in their 20s to 30s from Gillim province in China. The measurements consisted of the social instrumentality of appearance, appearance orientation, cosmetics purchasing behavior, and the subject' demographic attributes. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, $x^2$ test, multiple response analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, young Chinese male consumers had a high sense of the social instrumentality of appearance, but the tendency to invest time and effort to enhance their looks was still low. Second, on the basis of the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation, young Chinese male consumers were classified into four groups (high involvement group, instrumentality group, orientation group, and low involvement group). Third, the four male consumer groups revealed many significant differences in various cosmetic purchasing behaviors (purchasing items, information sources, product selection criteria, purchasing motives, purchasing locations, store selection criteria, purchasing price, purchasing frequency, and cosmetics improvements). Therefore, the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation are seen as significant variables to effectively segment the Chinese male consumer market. The cosmetics companies targeting young Chinese men need to establish differentiated marketing strategies, considering the characteristics of each segment of the consumer market.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1970

One male in the former group of 2110 Korean males of the Republic of Korea Army stationed Taegu. And two males and one female in the later group of 4590 Korean school children and university students in Seoul and Taejuon were found to have a slow hemoglobin in addition to normal hemoglobin A. In all four subjects the slow component migrated at a rate characteristic of the G hemoglobin. The overall incidence of the variant in the present group of Koreans was low: 4 in 6700 or 0.06 percent. It appears significant that no insistence of hemoglobin E were found among these Korean subjects. Hemoglobin E has been found among numerous ethnic groups of Southeast Asia and the variant most frequently appeared in Chinese subject. By Urea-Starch-Gel Electrophoresis in Alkaline PH and A.I. Chernoff method was demonstrated that another 3 cases of abnormal hemoglobin also were beta-chain variants. This was reconfirmed by Hybridization Experiment with canine hemoglobin. And the results of family test of 3 case of abnormal hemoglobin were heterozygous carrier.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Chinese people have increasingly high interests in skin care and trust and prefer medical institution products and equipment to treat skin problems. The purpose of this study is to examine skin types and skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction by gender in medical skin care center patients from in their 10s to 50s in Hainan Province, China. The questionnaire survey consisted of general characteristics(n=8), skin care situations(n=6), skin care recognition(n=11), and skin care satisfaction(n=21). A total of 328 questionnaires were researched from December 21, 2020 to January 9, 2021 using WeChat and Wenjuanxing program. Data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 21.0. Frequency analysis was applied for general characteristics, skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction and Cronbach's α was used for the reliability of skin care recognition and satisfaction. The relationship among skin care situations, skin care recognition, and skin care satisfaction was analyzed by χ² test and t-test. As a result, the common skin types by gender was dry skin in females and oily skin in males. The highest skin trouble was melasma and pigments in females and pimple in males. The most common way to manage troubled skin was homecare in both females and males, followed by the dermatology department in females and pharmacy in males, suggesting a significant difference. The common period of skin trouble was from one year to three years and the most effective way to improve skin was good life habit, followed by laser treatment in both females and males. The most important consideration to choose a hospital was a famous franchise hospital and the most important matters in management was doctor or skin care professionalism. Skin care and treatment recognition was high in external effects for females and internal effects for males. Skin care satisfaction was high in service for females and effect for males. Skin care satisfaction was significantly higher in males than in females. In conclusion, there was a difference in skin types, skin troubles, skin problems, skin care ways, and skin care satisfaction by gender in Chinese medical skin care center patients. Therefore, this study suggests the development of various products and the need of systematic management programs.