• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2010

The performance of two serial completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for treatment of swine manure (SM) with Chinese cabbage silage (CCS) was studied. The two CSTRs of 41 liters each were connected in series and first reactor was fed swine manure with Chinese cabbage silage in 3:1 proportion by VS basis. The FOS/TAC, methane content (%) and pH were utilized as the parameters for the digester stability control. The FOS/TAC value was found to be effective indicator for instant digester condition. The stability of reactors can be obtained with the FOS/TAC value up to 1.0 with accumulation of FOS value below 10,000 mg/L. Material exchange method was effective in transferring the excess volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the first reactor to the second one and maintaining stability in both the reactors. The biogas yield and the methane yield was 0.55-0.61 and 0.41-0.42 L/g VS fed, respectively, at organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.2-2.6 g VS/L with total HRT of 32 days.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1983

가을 김장철에 일시적으로 생산되는 채소잎으로 품질이 좋은 양질 Silage를 생산하기 위하여 본 시험을 실시 하였으며 시험구를 6개구로 설치하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 1. 채소잎70%, 볏짚20,% 맥강10% 혼합구가 Silage질이 가장 좋았고 유기산 생성량도 많고 낙산 함량은 없었으며 타구에 비하여 가장 우수하였다. 2. 맥강을 첨가한구는 첨가치 않은 구에 비하여 기호성이 좋았고 조단백질 함량도 높았다. 3. 유기산 조성에의한 Silage품질은 총 산함량에 비하여 낙산 생성이 최하 $0{\sim}120%$ 정도로 나타냈고 반면 양질의 Silage 조제에 필요한 유기산 함량은 $53{\sim}90%$로 양호하였고 PH는 기대 한바 보다 높았다. 4. 외관상으로 볼 때 색깔, 냄새, 촉감 등이 양호한 편이고 기호성도 좋았다. 결론적으로 채소잎은 훌륭한 Silage의 재료이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1999

가축분 시용량에 따른 토양의 변화와 작물치 수량반응을 보기 위하여 건조 계분, 우분, 돈분 각 $1.6mg\;ha^{-1}$, $3.2mg\;ha^{-1}$을 2년간 연용하면서 1년차(1995)에는 고추, 2년차(1996)에는 배추를 포트 재배하였으며, 가축분 연용토양에서 시비량 절감효과를 예측하기 위한 추천시비량, 추천시비량의 75%, 50%, 무비추 처리를 하여 청예옥수수를 포트재배한 결과는 다음과 같다. 3요소 표준시비토양의 pH 5.8, 유기물 $16.9g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 $249mg\;kg^{-1}$에 비하여 가축분 2년 연용후의 토양은 pH 6.1~7.1, 유기물 $17.1{\sim}23.7g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 $370{\sim}1.058mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 증가되었으며, 치환성양이온(Ca, K, Mg )과 유효인산의 함량이 계분시용에서 현저히 증가되었다. 1년차 고추의 과실수량은 대조인 3요소표준시비구에 비하여 가축분 시용에서 121~192%의 수량증가를 보여 가축분 시용효과는 고추에서 컸고, 시용효과는 돈분>계분>우분 퇴비의 순이었다. 2년차 배추의 수량은 3요소표준시비구에 비해 가축분 시용이 55~111%로 배추의 가축분 시용반응은 고추보다 둔하였다. 옥수수 생체중은 ha당 우분 16 Mg 시용토양을 제외한 모든 가축분 연용토양에서 3요소표준시비량구와 75% 시비수준구간에 유의한 수량차이가 없어 가축분 연용토양에서는 25%의 화학비료 절감효과가 인정되었다. 가축분 연용토양에서 무비구의 유기물 함량과 옥수수의 생체 수량간에는 유의한 정의상관($r=0.75^{**}$)이 있었고, 전질소 함량과 수량간에도 유의한 정의상관($r=0.85^{**}$)을 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2011

In this study, surveys on operation status of the 73 tractors with rated power of over 75 kW from six provinces in Korea were performed to obtain basic data required for development and efficient use of the high-power and high-performance tractors. And types of tractors and implements, operation crops, types of operations, annual operation areas, annual operation days, annual operation hours, operation speeds and widths, and problems and improvements in use were investigated. Most (91.7%) of the tractor surveyed were operated for forage and silage crops such as rice straw, whole barley, rye grass, reed canary grass, sudan grass, and the remains were operated for upland crops such as ginseng, sweet potato, potato, chinese cabbage, radish. Main operations of the tractors were cutting, baling, and wrapping for forage crops, plow tillage, rotary tillage, and manure spreading. About half (47.9%) of the tractors were used exclusively for forage crop harvesting such as forage crop cutting, forage baling, and bale wrapping, 24.5% of the tractors were used exclusively for plow or rotary tillage, and 27.4% of the tractors were used for both forage crop harvesting, and plow or rotary tillage. For the tractors with power ranges of 75~83, 89~94, 98~101, 113, 124 kW, average annual operation areas per tractor for plow tillage, rotary tillage, forage crop harvesting (cutting, baling, wrapping), and manure spreading operations were analyzed as 112.6. 144.8, 158.9. 390.0. 215.6 ha, respectively. and total average annual operation area per tractor was 171.3 ha. Average annual operation days per tractor for those operations were analyzed as 24.1, 28.9, 38.3, 55.4, 33.4, respectively, and total average annual operation days per tractor was 33.6. Average annual operation hours per tractor for them were analyzed as 260.0, 321.6, 408.1, 664.8, 413.8, respectively, and total average annual operation hours per tractor for the all tractors was 377.1. Ranges of operation widths of plow tillage, rotary tillage, forage crop cutting, forage baling, bale wrapping, and manure spreading operations were shown as 1.5~2.6, 2.3~3.0, 1.8~3.2, 1.8~2.0, 1.8~2.3, 3.1~6.6 m, respectively. Ranges of operation speed of plow tillage, rotary tillage, forage crop cutting, forage baling, bale wrapping, and manure spreading were shown as 6~9, 4~11, 9~16, 8~15, 8~17, 12~16 km/h, respectively.