• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2006

The controversy on genotoxicity of molinate, an herbicide, has been reported in bacterial system, and in vitro and in vivo mammalian systems. To clarify the genotoxicity of molinate, we performed bacterial gene mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration and mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay, and in vivo micronucleus assay using bone marrow cells and peripheral reticulocytes of mice. In bacterial gene mutation assay, no mutagenicity of molinate ($12-185{\mu}g/plate$) was observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, 100, 1535 and 1537 both in the absence and in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. The clastogenicity of molinate was observed in the presence ($102.1-408.2\;{\mu}g/mL$) of metabolic activation system in mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast. However, no clastogenicity was observed in the absence ($13.6-54.3\;{\mu}g/mL$) of metabolic activation system. It is suggested that the genotoxicity of molinate was derived some metabolites by metabolic activation. Molinate was also subjected to mouse lymphoma L5178Y $tk^{+/-}$ cells using microtiter cloning technique. In the absence of S-9 mixture, mutation frequencies (MFs) were revealed $1.4-1.9{\times}10^{-4}$ with no statistical significance. However, MFs in the presence of metabolic activation system revealed $3.2-3.4{\times}10^{-4}$ with statistical significance (p<0.05). In vivo micronucleus (MN) assay using mouse bone marrow cells, molinate revealed genotoxic potential in the dose ranges of 100-398 mg/kg of molinate when administered orally. Molinate also subjected to acridine orange MN assay with mouse peripheral reticulocytes. The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) induced 48 hr after i.p. injection at a single dose of 91, 182 and 363 mg/kg of molinate was dose-dependently increased as $10.2{\pm}4.7,\;14.6{\pm}3.9\;and\;28.6{\pm}6.3\;(mean{\pm}SD\;of\;MNRETs/2,000\;reticulocytes)$ with statistical significance (p<0.05), respectively. Consequently, genotoxic potential of molinate was observed in in vitro mammalian mutagenicity systems only in the presence of metabolic activation system and in vivo MN assay using both bone marrow cells and peripheral reticulocytes in the dose ranges used in this experiment. These results suggest that metabolic activation plays a critical role to express the genotoxicity of molinate in in vitro and in vivo mammalian system.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

본 연구는 환자용 균형영양식으로 제조하여 감마선 조사처리를 통해 살균한 모델식품의 유전독성 여부를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 4 kGy 이상의 흡수선량으로 감마선 조사 처리한 시료에서 생균수가 1 log CFU/g의 검출한계 이하로 나타났기 때문에 살균을 위한 조사처리 선량으로 4 kGy를 설정하였다. 복귀돌연변이 유발성 평가 결과, 모델식품의 열수 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 처리한 용량과 대사활성계 존재 여부와는 상관없이 음성대조구(멸균증류수 또는 DMSO)와 유사한 수준의 복귀돌연변이 발생빈도를 나타내었다. 염색체 이상 시험에서 실험군들의 정상 염색체의 수는 음성대조군과 유사하였으며, 용량 및 대사활성계에 대한 비의존성을 나타내어 염색체 이상 유발능은 없는 것으로 판단하였다. 또한 최고 2,000 mg/kg 체중의 농도로 모델식품을 경구 투여한 마우스의 골수세포에서도 소핵 다염성적 혈구의 발생빈도는 음성대조군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 4 kGy의 흡수선량으로 감마선 조사처리한 환자용 균형영양식은 본 실험 조건하에서 유전독성을 나타내지 않는 것으로 사료된다.