• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1549-1560
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• 2016

Today, all the countries of the world newly recognize importance of sea, which are focused on efforts for security of marine territory and fishes resources. Many of the coastal state, to strengthen the rights of their own country EEZ, marine survey and continental shelf development, travels through such maritime jurisdiction in the territorial sovereignty and the EEZ overlaps, deepening complex interests between neighboring countries cooperation activities of the fierce competition, the domestic and foreign been has been carried out. Under such circumstances, is devastated coastal of China, our territorial waters and EEZ has been violated more and more, in spite of the powerful crackdown maritime public power, illegal fishing more resistance intensified. They tend to be gradually organization, collectivization and atrocities. Currently, illegal fishing of Chinese fishing boats in the West Sea of Korea, including the waters near Yeonpyeong Island is prevalent as operating in the coast of the country. Furthermore regrettable one is illegal on a scale and the situation where South Korea of scale of damage caused by it have not been accurately grasp of the operation, but that there is damage of Korea official duty enforcement to crack down the increase to illegal operations year after year have occurred. Violent, illegal fishing of Chinese fishing boats, in order to eradicate the operations of insane at our sea, we investigated to the infringement situations of fisheries resources by multiple fields. each of problems presenting a specific preservation plan in accordance with the function and role of the maritime enforcement organization and other government organization the point. at the same time we will try to seek measures such as a scheme that it is possible to increase the capacity.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.69-90
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• 2017

1994년 유엔해양법 발효 이후 해양활동의 무대가 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕까지 확대됨에 따라 각국은 자국의 권리를 강화해 나가고 있으며 국제사회는 국익을 확보하려는 다툼이 더욱 치열해지고 있다. 이와 관련하여 해양주권에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어졌으나 정책적인 연구에만 국한 되었을 뿐 실증적인 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해양주권에 대한 실증적 인구를 위해 최근 빈번히 발생하고 있는 중국어선이 불법조업 사례를 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 해양주권 침해의 요인이 되는 요소를 선정하여 상관분석과 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 또한 해양주권 침해의 경제적 파급영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 중국의 수산물 증가로 인해 발생한 중국 불법조업의 중가는 우리나라의 수산물 생산량을 감소시켰으며 이는 우리나라 어가 경제에 손실을 미쳤을 뿐만 아니라 우리나라 가계 경제에도 큰 부담을 초래 하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

The compositions of ethnic groups in Macau vary with time. Prior to the opening of the port, the majority of the residents in Macau were Chinese people, including those living on land and at sea. After the port was opened, with the increase of Portugal businessmen and missionaries, the population was divided into Chinese people and foreigners (so-called 'Yiren' or 夷人 in Chinese). Chinese people living on land were mainly of Hakka, Fujian, and Cantonese descent. Those living at sea were referred to as 'Tanka People' (named 'Danmin' or 蜑民in Chinese). They lived on floating boats for their entire lives and were similar to the 'drifters' in Japan. Since modern times, many refugees from mainland China and Southeast Asia flooded into Macau due to warfare. The development of industrialization required a larger number of laborers, and some 'coolies' entered Macau in legal or illegal ways, making it a multi-ethnic city. However, the Tanka people were not considered a minority ethnic group under the national ethnic policy of 56 ethnic groups since they did not have an exclusive language and shared dialects in different regions. As the ports inhabited by Tanka people gradually restored foreign trade, the boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people were dismantled to expand the infrastructure area of the ports. Many Tanka people began to live on land and marry people on land, leading to the disappearance of the Tanka group in Macau. The fishing boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people have also disappeared, with only a few remaining in areas such as Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong. This paper examines the natural and social environment of Tanka people in Macau from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, as well as the adaptive changes they adopted for the aforementioned environment in terms of living space and architectural type, on the basis of summarizing the historical activities of Tanka people. Finally, this study provides a layout plan and interior structure of the most commonly used boat for Tanka people from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, with the use of CAD and other technical software, along with reference to written historical documentation, and provides a case study for further research on the architectural history of Macau's inner harbor cities, from anthropological and folklore perspectives.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-74
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to compare China's and Korea's marine fisheries industries in order to present the main features of China's marine fisheries and show the comparative advantages they have in production. The results indicate that China's marine fisheries have the following features. (1) The marine proportion of the fisheries industry economic activity is less than 60%. Fishing is 71.3% of that marine activity. (2) The production trends of marine fisheries history in China can be classified as follows: 1) an early growth period, 2) a deliberation/consolidation period, 3) a second growth period, 4) a third growth period, and 5) a fourth growth period. The growth rate has rapidly increased recently. (3) Fish production is over 70% of marine fishing fisheries, the next major product is crustacea. The production of shellfish occupies over 70% of marine aquaculture, seaweed production however, is only 22% of total marine aquaculture. (4) The licensed area for marine aquaculture in China is 586.3 ha and that area is 5.4 times larger than that of Korea. The allotted area for shellfish aquaculture is 60% of marine aquaculture, production areas of crustaceans occupy 27.3%, fish has 7 1%, and seaweed production only 5.7% of allocated marine aquaculture areas. (5) The proportion of power vessels for marine fisheries of China's total power vessel fleet is around 65%, and the marine fisheries portion of non - powered vessels constitutes only 12%. The highest proportion of power vessels engaged in marine fisheries activities is between 10 tonnes to 100 tonnes. (6) The portion of marine fishery workers of all fishery industry employees is 22%, and 70% of them are full - time workers. Of marine fishery workers, 64% are in the fishing sector, 22%, aquaculture workers, and the number of employees in marine fisheries is increasing every year. The analysis of China's fishery industry in the production competitiveness indicates as follows : (1) The licensed areas in marine aquaculture, number of fishing vessels, number of marine fishing workers in China's fishery industry are much more than those of Korea's. Therefore China is much more competitive than Korea in the quantity of production side. However, licensed areas for seaweed aquaculture are more extensive in Korea than China. In China, the number of power vessels of between 10 tonnes and 100 tonnes, the licensed shellfish aquaculture areas, and the number of fishing workers within the fisheries industry are much more than those of Korea. (2) It is estimated that the licensed areas in marine aquaculture, number of medium sized power vessels, number of marine fishery workers will be increased as the quantity of production factors grow in China. (3) At present, yield per Ha. in marine cultures is very low in China. Therefore it is estimated that aquaculture techniques have only been diffused recently in China. Yield of fish per Ha especially is much lower than that of Korea. So the level of aquaculture techniques seems much lower than that of Korea. (4) China is behind Korea in production technique, however the number of HP per boat in China is lower than that of Korea. Therefore, China is much more competitive than Korea in Costs. (5) Average fish catches per marine fishery worker in China is only 1/3 that of Korea's, and average marine aquaculture production in China is only 1/2 that of Korea. Therefore we can say Korea is more competitive than China in efficiency. The average income of marine fishery workers in China is higher that that of other Chinese industries. However, the competitiveness of the fisheries industry in China will be increased as more capital is invested and advanced techniques are developed.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2014

전세계적으로 희소금속의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 가운데 일본은 2004년부터 원소전략 개념을 도입하고 2007년부터는 원소전략사업을 추진하게 되었다. 일본의 문부과학성의 "원소전략 프로젝트"는 물질과 재료를 구성하고 그 기능과 특성을 결정하는 원소의 역할과 성격을 연구하고, 물질과 재료의 기능과 특성의 발현기구를 명확히 규명함으로써, 희소원소나 유해원소를 사용하지 않는 고기능을 가진 물질과 재료를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 특히, 2010년 9월 일본명 센카쿠렛도(중국명 댜오위다오)에서 중국어선과 일본순시선이 충돌하는 사건이 일어나서, 중국어선을 나포하여 영토문제, 외교, 경제 갈등으로까지 확산되었다. 일본이 국내법을 적용하여 사법처리 하려하자, 중국이 꺼낸 카드가 희소금속의 일본수출금지였다. 이 때부터 위기감을 느낀 일본은 더욱더 원소전략 프로젝트에 박차를 가하기 시작했다. 일본정부는 풍부하고 무해한 원소에 의한 대체재료의 연구, 전략원소의 유효기능의 고활용, 원소유효이용을 위한 실용재료설계기술 등 3가지 제안으로 연구테마를 2012년 2월에 공모하여, 2012년 6월 "원소전략 프로젝트" 연구영역과 연구거점 4군데를 채택하였다. 1. Dy, Nd 등을 대체할 목적의 자성재료영역. 2. Pt, Rh/Li, Co 등을 대체할 목적의 촉매/전지재료영역. 3. In, Ta 등을 대체할 목적의 전자재료영역. 4. Nb, Mo 등을 대체할 목적의 구조재료영역. 본 논문에서는 원소전략의 4개의 영역 중에서 자성재료영역의 현재까지의 연구동향에 대해서 기술하고자 한다.