• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2004

In order to obtain the genetic informations of the Korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), nucleotide sequences of total genome of three isolates and open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of four isolates were determined and compared with those of other reference PCV2 isolates. Nucleotide sequences of 3 isolates showed over 99% homology with those of reference strain (GenBank accession no. AF027217). Point mutations were mainly determined on ORF2 regions but little on ORF1 regions. The patterns of pointmutated sites and nucleotide substitution on ORF2 regions were generally consistent between Korean isolates, and these mutated sites observed in Korean isolates were also relatively similar to those of foreign isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide or amino acid sequences showed that there were minor branches consisting of three clusters; cluster of Korea, Canada and America, cluster of Spain and Taiwan, and the last cluster of French and China isolates. These results suggested that Korean PCV2s were probably originated from North America such as Canada or USA. The genetic informations obtained from this study could be useful for the research of diagnosis and pathogenecity of PCV2.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

This research analyzes the effects of factors on the demands for outbound to the countries such as Japan, China, the United States of America, Thailand, Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia, the countries preferred by many Koreans. The factors for this research are (1) economic variables such as Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI), which could have influences on outbound tourism and exchange rate and (2) unpredictable events such as diseases, financial crisis and terrors. Regression analysis was used to identify relationship based on the monthly data from January 2001 to December 2010. The results of the analysis show that both exchange rate and KOSPI have impacts on the demands for outbound travel. In the case of travels to the United States of America and Philippines, Korean tourists usually have particular purposes such as studying, visiting relatives, playing golf or honeymoon, thus they are less influenced by the exchange rate. Moreover, Korean tourists tend not to visit particular locations for some time when shock reaction happens. As the demands for outbound travels are different from country to country accompanied by economic variables and shock variables, differentiated measure to should be considered to come close to the target numbers of tourists by switching as well as creating the demands. For further study we plan to build outbound tourism forecasting models using Artificial Neural Networks.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2005년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.144-148
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• 2005

최근 디지털 환경의 발전으로 서사의 중요성이나 가치에 대해 큰 관심이 모아지고 있지만, 실질적으로 서사분석에 관한 구체적인 연구방법에 대해서는 아직 미흡한 단계에 있다. 특히, 애니메이션의 서사구조에 대한 연구는 주로 일본의 <아니메>와 미국 디즈니 애니메이션, 단편 애니메이션을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 작품에 대해 상호비교의 관점이 아닌 각각의 작품에 대한 개별적인 서사분석이 행해지고 있다. 본 연구는 고맥락 문화의 대표국인 중국과 저맥락 문화의 대표국인 미국에서 제작된 애니메이션 가운데 동일한 테마의 작품인 <뮬란>에 대한 비교분석을 통해 문화적 맥락이 다른 두 나라의 애니메이션에 있어서의 서사적 특성을 밝히는데 그 의의가 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

최근 디지털 환경의 발전으로 서사의 중요성이나 가치에 대해 큰 관심이 모아지고 있지만, 실질적으로 서사분석에 관한 구체적인 연구방법에 대해서는 아직 미흡한 단계에 있다. 특히, 애니메이션의 서사구조에 대한 연구는 주로 일본의 <아니메>와 미국 디즈니 애니메이션, 단편 애니메이션을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 작품에 대해 상호비교의 관점이 아닌 각각의 작품에 대한 개별적인 서사분석이 행해지고 있다. 애니메이션 감상수업에 있어서도 객관적이며 과학적인 분석방법에 대한 교수법 개발이 아직 체계화되지 않고 있는데, 이러한 서사분석의 방법론의 개발은 애니메이션 감상수업 교수법으로서 활용할 수 있는 하나의 방법이 될 것이라고 생각한다. 본 연구는 고맥락 문화의 대표국인 중국과 저맥락 문화의 대표국인 미국에서 제작된 애니메이션 가운데 동일한 테마의 작품인 <뮬란>에 대한 비교분석을 통해 문화적 맥락이 다른 두 나라의 애니메이션에 있어서의 서사적 특성을 밝히고 있으며, 애니메이션 감상수업을 위한 교수법 제안에 그 의의를 둔다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제44집
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• pp.177-212
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 공동체에서의 문화 다양성에 대한 억압을 탐구했다. 먼저 그동안 수행한 연구와 최근의 변화를 토대로 중국 정부와 소수민족 사이에 존재하는 억압을 고찰했다. 보이는 억압에서는 한어 교육의 확대, 소수민족 언어의 제재를 비롯하여 소수민족의 정체성이 배제된 고등교육의 확대를 언급했다. 보이지 않는 억압에서는 도시화, 현대화를 앞세운 도시개발, 중앙정부의 교육을 받은 소수민족 출신 간부의 활용 등을 거론했다. 이어서 유럽에 맞선 라틴아메리카의 억압과 저항에 주목했다. 왜냐하면 라틴아메리카는 문화 다양성의 억압을 중국 소수민족 보다 먼저 경험하고, 이를 이론으로 성숙시켰기 때문이다. 그러므로 라틴아메리카 지식인들의 고민과 경험은 중국 소수민족의 미래와 자신을 변호할 이론으로 가공되는 데 참고할 점이 많다. 물론 중국 소수민족 공동체의 문제에는 특수성이 있다. 그러나 라틴아메리카에서의 경험과 자아 비판적 연구는 중국 소수민족 공동체의 특수성을 확장시켜 생각할 단초이다. 특히 유럽에 의해 문화적으로 잠식되어 스스로 창조할 수 없는 지경에 이른 라틴 아메리카의 상황과 점차 닮아가기 때문이다. 궁극적으로 본 연구를 통해 우리 공동체는 어떠한지 그리고 바람직한 공동체는 어떠해야 하는지 되돌아보고 싶었다. 중국 소수민족의 실태와 라틴아메리카의 억압과 저항을 통해 우리의 민낯을 되돌아보고, 바람직한 공동체가 추구할 현실적 방안을 찾고자 했다. 라틴아메리카 학자들의 주장처럼 인식의 전환은 필요하다. 더하여 다양성과 자유에 대한 성찰, 상호 존중의 마음, 중국의 상황에 기초한 화이부동의 자세도 중요하다. 결국 공동체에서의 문화 다양성과 억압의 문제는 중국 소수민족 공동체와 라틴아메리카의 선주민뿐만 아니라 미국의 아시아인, 한국에서의 외국인 문제로 확장되어, 다양한 구성원으로 만들어진 공동체 모두의 문제가 된다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.191-214
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• 2015

Chinese American Writer, Ha Jin has been writing exclusively about the life in his native Communist China. His stories and poems are almost all about the Chinese people so far. In addition, the distinctive Chinese flavour and the inexorably repressive image of China in his works present an 'Other' to the American culture. Such kind of Chineseness can also be found in Ha Jin's works and his career as a writer. The continued demand for knowledge of China, which is created by China's increasingly important role in the globalized economy, sustains the country's position as an Other for America. In his early four novels, Ha Jin portrays a totally repressive image of Communist China, an image of which functions perfectly as a form of otherness for his American readers. In Ha Jin's portrayal, the Chinese masses are subjected to the Communist authority through its bureaucracy and state-economy mechanism, as well as through the godlike image of Mao Zedong. They are to follow the Communist conscience and subscribe to unity-in-difference. Deviation from the one-party rule is intolerable. In each of the novels, Ha Jin presents a specific system of repression. In In the Pond, confrontation against Party authority is contained by a process of complicity. In Waiting, the Party's power is upheld through a system of surveillance in which people act as agents, resulting in a web of power which paralyses love. The Crazed illustrates a play of power by Party officials which, against the backdrop of the Tiananmen Square Massacre, is full of craze itself, driving people either out of sanity or out of the country. War Trash exposes the Communist power's repression to the extreme by presenting a case of dishonour in those whose life is debased as trash by the Party. The repressive image of China produced in these stories, which span over half a century, makes Ha Jin's China a perfect Other for the West. To sum up, Ha Jin's novels construct a repressive image of China. In his novels, Ha Jin exposes the working of repression in particular systems. Through these systems, he problematizes the notion of personal autonomy for Chinese people and proposes for his western/American readers a solution which eventually turns into a re-presentation of American hegemony.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4133-4136
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• 2015

Background: To analyze multi-source data including publications and patents, and try to draw the whole landscape of the research and development community in the field of gene therapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Publications and patents were collected from the Web of science and databases of the five major patent offices of the world, respectively. Bibliometric methodologies and technology are used to investigate publications/patents, their contents and relationships. Results: A total of 2,043 items published and 947 patents from 1994 to 2013 including "gene therapy for breast cancer" were retrieved. The top five countries in global publication share were USA, China, Germany, Japan and England. On the other hand, USA, Australia, England, South Korea and Japan were the main producers of patents. The universities and enterprises of USA had the highest amount of publication and patents. Adenovirus- and retrovirus-based gene therapies and small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference therapies were the main topics both in publications and patents. Conclusions: The above results show that global research in the field of gene therapy for breast cancer is increasing and the main participants in this field are USA and Canada in North America, China, Japan and South Korea in Asia, and England, Germany, and Italy in Europe. Also, this article demonstrates the usefulness of bibliometrics to address key evaluation questions and define future areas of research.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the bound lipids in Panax quinquefolium (Korea, Japan and China), Panax quinquefolium (America, Canada) and Panax notoginseng (China) were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The could lipid contents in various ginsengs were 0.29 to 0.48%, in which neutral lipid fractions were 63.6 to 67.3%, glycolipid fractions 21.9 to 25.7% and phospholipid fractions 7.7 to 12.4%. The content compositions of neutral lipid fractions were lower and those of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were higher in the bound lipids than in the free lipids from the various ginseng. The major components were fatty acids, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipid fractions, monogalactosyl diglyceride, sterol glucoside and esterified steryl g1ycoside in glycolipid fractions and phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid in phosphoipid fractions. Seventeen fatty acids were analyzed in the four bound lipid fractions from the various ginsengs and main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Total saturated fatty acid and palmitic acid contents were higher and total unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid contents lower in the total bound lipids than in the total free lipids from the various ginsengs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the free lipids in Panax ginseng (Korea, Japan and China), Panax quinquefolium (America, Canada) and Panax notoginseng (China) were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free lipid contents were 1.13 to 1.24% in panax ginseng and 0.87 to 1.18% in Panax quinquefolium and 0.39% in panax notoginseng. Neutral lipid fractions were 81.2 to 84.4%, while glycolipid fractions 8.01% to 14.47% and phospholipid fractions 3.49 to 5.74% in free lipid contents. The major components were triglycerides, free sterols, diglyceride, free fatty acids and sterol esters in neutral lipid fractions, sterol glucoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, esterified steryl glucoside in glycolipid fractions and phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatide, ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline in phospholipid fractions. The contents and compositions of neutral lipids and glyclipids were some different among various ginsengs, whereas phospholipids showed relatively similar compositions in the contents. Seventeen fatty acids were analyzed in the four free lipid fractions from the various ginsengs and the main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. It was found that the amounts of some fatty acids were different among the various ginsengs, but the fatty acid patterns of these ginsengs were on the whole similar.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

The number of species of non-native and invasive marine algae is growing, with concomitant public concern about native ecosystems and coastlines. Gelidium vagum, recently introduced from northeast Asia to Europe and North America, commonly occurs from the intertidal to subtidal zones in Korea, China, and Japan. To investigate the level of genetic diversity of native populations, we analyzed mitochondrial cox1 and cob from 108 specimens of G. vagum from Korea, China, eastern Russia, including from the Netherlands and USA. The haplotype network of individual and cox1 + cob datasets revealed no genetic structure in local populations, suggesting genetic flow between Korean populations. Our results corroborate a typical pattern of genetic diversity for introduced species, with low levels in introduced populations and high levels in native populations. All haplotypes were shared between the Netherlands and USA, but not between Korea and the Netherlands / USA except cox1. Additional sampling will identify donor populations in native northeast Asian waters. This is the first report of the utility of the mitochondrial coding cob sequences in red algae.