• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권9호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the existence of the Feldstein-Horioka (1980) puzzle in international macroeconomics by applying the conditional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the long-run relationship between national savings and investments in Thailand and China. The input of this study relied on annual national savings and investments as a fraction of GDP during 1980-2019 which was collected from China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Thailand National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). Hypothetically, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests were applied to test the stationary properties and to investigate the integration level of selected time series. The empirical results, confirmed by cumulative sum (CUSUM) and cumulative sum square (CUSUMSQ), maintained no serial correlation and structural break problems. The finding of this study suggested that the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in Thailand did not exist significantly. Thailand's national savings and investments nexus was independent, following the classic economic idea that financial liberalization, or perfect capital mobility, allowed national savings and investments to flow freely to countries with better interest rates. Whereas, a strong significant correlation was found in the case of China during the fixed exchange rate regime switching in 1994 and post WTO participation after 2001-2019.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권33호
• /
• pp.5-36
• /
• 2014

This article aims to analyze the diplomatic challenges currently facing China as well as the foreign policy the Xi Jinping administration is adopting to address them. With these purposes in mind, it will look into three areas: first, diplomatic tasks confronting the Xi leadership; second, foreign policy that the Xi administration has implemented since the 18th Party Congress in 2012; and third, the prospects for China's foreign policy under the Xi leadership. As the Xi Jinping administration entered into office, it has encountered two major diplomatic challenges. One is the searching for a new foreign policy, and the other the restructuring of the existing foreign affairs and national security systems. The Xi administration, during its first year in office, has responded actively to tackle these issues. To begin with, it has attempted to make some adjustments on foreign policy while maintaining the Deng Xiaoping line of foreign policy. One of these modifications is placing emphasis on national "core interest," as illustrated by changes in guideline for maritime conflicts, pushing for building maritime power, and proclamation of Air Defense Identification Zone in the East China Sea. Second is the decision on the new guideline for peripheral diplomacy. That is, the administration regarded creating peaceful and stable environments to realize "Chinese Dream" as an important goal of foreign policy, and proposed such new guiding ideology as "familiarity, integrity, benefit, and accommodation." In additoin, the Xi administration restructured the existing foreign affairs and national security systems. Establishing the Central State Security Committee and the Internet Leading Small Group (LSG) are cases in point. As comprehensive organizations for policy coordination that encompass party, government, and military, the two LSGs are in charge of enacting related policies and fine-tuning policy implementation, based upon leadership consisting of chiefs of each relevant organs. Moreover, since Xi himself became the chief of these two newly-found organs, the conditions under which these LSGs could demonstrate unified leadership and adjusting role in its implementation of military, diplomatic, and security policies were developed. The future Chinese diplomacy will be characterized with three main trends. First, peripheral diplomacy will be reinforced. The peripheral diplomacy has become far more important since the Work Conference on Peripheral Diplomacy in October 2013. Second, economic diplomacy will be strengthened with an eye on reducing the "China Threat Theory," which still exists in Asia. Third, the policies to isolate the Philippines and Japan will continue in regard to maritime disputes. All in all, Chinese diplomacy in the Xi Jinping era is likely to feature practical diplomacy which combines both hard and soft approaches to best realize Chinese national interest.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.151.2-151
• /
• 2003

One fungus was isolated from lesions on imported chinese cabbage leaves in process of quarantine inspection from China. The fungus was identified as Mycosphaerlla brassicicola, based on morphology of perithecia, asci, ascospore, and curtural characteristics. In Korea, this fungus has been quarantine fungus, and not yet report to occur. Perithecia of the fungus were globose, dark brown with apical papilate ostioles. The size was 90-100 ${\times}$ 130-135$\mu\textrm{m}$. Asci were bitunicate, 8-spored and 38-43 ${\times}$ 15-l9$\mu\textrm{m}$. Ascospore were irregularly biseriate, hyaline, cylindrical, 2-celled, and rounded at the ends. Optium growth temperature of the fungus was at 20$^{\circ}C$ on PDA but did rarely grow over 24$^{\circ}C$. Colony on PDA was of black aerial mycelia.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.127-147
• /
• 2013

Korea is, after China, the Asian country with the largest number of concluded investment treaties. One of the protections that Korean investment treaties frequently afford to foreign investors and their investment is the so-called "umbrella clause," which requires the host state of the investment to observe the commitments that it has undertaken toward the foreign investor or its investment. This is a potentially very powerful protection. Umbrella clauses, however, have proven to be amongst the most controversial provisions in investment treaties, giving rise to diverging interpretations by tribunals and commentators that are still not reconciled today.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.485-495
• /
• 1996

Oriental medicine is a traditional medical are that has maintained its medical system only in Korea, Japan and China, nowadays, it is required to systematize the Oriental medicine modernly as well as prove remedical value of it for public welfare and hygiene, medical studies about geriatric disease and ageing are valued highly in researchs of future medical service which were excuted by Korea, Japan and Germay. consequently, future - estimating project of the Oriental medicine which keeps and accent on research datas that have a curative effect highly must be constructed. in the cause of this, effieient and systematic subject selection should be preceded to accomplish an advisable planning of the Oriental medicine.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권38호
• /
• pp.193-220
• /
• 2015

Leaving the legacies of the Cold War and other difficulties behind them, South Korea and China are building up their successful strategic cooperative partnership, moving forward toward through the development of new economic exchanges and diplomatic cooperation between the two countries, and this process is expected to gain momentum during 2015. 2015 is the third year since President Park of South Korea and President Xi of China came into office, and also the first year they have begun to implement the many declarations and promises which they have made within the context of the strategic cooperative partnership. The two nations share a common cultural heritage, and their governments should take this opportunity to leverage their partnership to enhance their economies and to improve their people's quality of life, especially for the younger generation. At a summit held in July 2014, the two leaders agreed to launch a working-level group on maritime boundary delimitation. The first meeting took place on January 29, 2015, and addressed issues of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and continental shelves in the Yellow Sea, which has an area of about 380,000 ㎢. It is greatly to be hoped that the 2015 maritime boundary delimitation meeting between South Korea and China will not impair the future of bilateral relations, but rather will improve their prospects. South Korea and China must take the opportunity to secure a definitive delimitation of their maritime boundary; their strategic cooperative partnership is in good order and China is currently taking a somewhat more flexible stance on the ECS and the SCS, so an agreement on boundaries will serve as a useful model for regional maritime cooperation.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.145-165
• /
• 2006

중국의 자동차시장은 급속한 경제성장에 맞물려 자동차 수요가 2010년에는 국내시장 대비 2.4배 이상의 규모인 570만대, 세계 3위의 자동차시장 규모에 이를 것으로 예상 되고 있다. 또한 점차 사회 및 투자인프라의 안정화가 이루어지고 있어 세계의 글로벌 기업들에게 있어서 중국자동차 시장은 부(富) 창출의 시장이며 기회의 땅으로 인식되고 있다. 이와 반면, 중국은 전 세계의 자동차 기업들이 이미 진출해 있는 세계 자동차기업의 각축장이라는 위협의 시장이기하다. 2002년 3월 동풍과 열달 자동차와의 3자 합작투자를 수행함으로써 중국시장 진입이 현실화가 된 기아자동차로서 직면한 과제는 무엇보다 중국시장을 어떻게 침투할 것인가의 문제였다. 특히 중국의 자동차 채널환경은 한국과는 크게 달라 이러한 문제는 더욱 어려움을 증폭하기 충분했다. 본 사례는 2006년 4월 20일부터 4월 22일의 기간 동안 기아자동차의 중국 염성 공장 및 대표사무소가 있는 상해를 방문하여 인터뷰를 통해 수집한 자료를 기초로 2002년 3월 기아자동차가 중국 자동차 산업에 첫 발을 내딛을 무렵 그들에게 직면한 유통채널 환경과 그들이 유통채널의 어려움을 해결하기까지 그 과정에 대해 면밀히 살펴본다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2010

The gaseous $^{222}Rn$ concentration at the level of clouds was estimated by using the wet scavenging model of its decay products with the observed data of environmental radiation at the ground. And the origin of the $^{222}Rn$ was also discussed. The estimation was done for a precipitation event on Dec. 26-27, 2003, when a large increase of the radiation was observed in Tokai-mura in Ibaraki, Japan. From a backward trajectory analysis, the origin of $^{222}Rn$ atoms for that event was traced back to the northeastern part of China, and it was expected that the large amount of $^{222}Rn$ emitted in the northeastern part of China was transported to Tokai-mura by the Eurasian continental air mass.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.127-145
• /
• 2011

European Union unilaterally included the emissions from aviation activities into EU ETS on 19 November 2008 by amending Directive 2003/87/EC. According to the Directive all the emissions(mainly against the CO2) from aviation activities shall be subject to the regulation of EU ETS from 2012. For the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012, the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators shall be equivalent to 97% of the historical aviation emission s. From 1 January 2013, the allowances will be reduced to 95%. The allocation of allowances which may be applied by each operator with free of charge will be reduced from 85% to 82% from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2013. Since the Directive will affect every country's airline industry more or less, the nations and international organizations respond variously. The controversial focus is that whether EU has the right to unilaterally include the emissions from international aviation activities into EU ETS. This article firstly analyzes the effect caused by EU ETS to China's airline industry, and then studies the legality of the action of EU subject to current positive international law, and finally draws the conclusion that EU enjoys no such right to unilaterally include the emissions from international aviation activities.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2021

This study aims to identify the representative factors affecting the air trade between the two countries over the past 20 years, targeting China, Korea's largest trading partner for air transport. In the analysis, the two countries' GDP, GDP per capita, and tariff rates, as well as exchange rates, international oil prices, and FTAs were used as variables. For the analysis method, OLS multiple regression analysis was performed, and each was analyzed by dividing the export amount, import amount, and trade amount. As a result of the analysis, China's GDP and Korea's GDP per capita showed a positive (+) direction, an increase in the exchange rate resulted in an increase in the amount of trade, and an increase in the tariff rate resulted in a decrease in the amount of trade. Whether the FTA was concluded or not acted as a factor in increasing the amount of trade between the two countries.